Abstract
The paper looks at how Richard Taylor, in his article, "Interpretation of the Correlation Coefficient: A Basic Review" examines the statistical concept of the correlation coefficient. The paper looks at how Taylor stresses the wide use of correlation analysis and how correlations can be either negatively or positively linked. The paper outlines Taylor's explanation of why interpretation of correlation is so essential and also how correlation coefficients can be used in conjunction with regression analysis to predict unknown values.

From the Paper
"This analysis of Taylor is germane to any discipline, including the social as well as the natural sciences, where statistics are used to 'prove a point' when validating conclusions. The author does not only present examples of how the effect may be relevant to the sonographer at a medical facility, despite the where the article was published but draws from a wide range of disciplines including simple common sense. Correlation is an important concept because "it is often useful to determine if a relationship exists between two different variables. If so, how significant or how strong is this association between the two variables?" (Taylor 1990, p.36)"

Tags:statistics, conclusions, relationships, validity, regression, analysis

Abstract
The current best we can offer to future generations is to unearth as many of the causative factors associated with violent crime so that it might be possible to indirectly manipulate crime rates and improve the quality of societies everywhere. To that end, we find that research-especially when viewed through the lens of social structure theory, demonstrates that poverty is one of the primary indicators of the potential for an individual to commit a violent crime. With this in mind, this paper examines violent crime and its relationship to poverty levels.

From the Paper
"Crime, especially violent crime, is a continual bane on all modern societies. Despite the best efforts to eradicate crime through social policy--whether it be inducement or punishment--there seems to be little chance of eliminating violent crime once and for all..."

Tags:causative factors, crime rates, eliminating commit

From the Paper
"This research examines an application of the statistical procedures of correlation and regression analysis. The initial part of the examination describes correlation and regression procedures, and illustrates the use of the procedures in an application. Following the description and illustration, the accuracy and appropriateness of the application is discussed.

Description of the Procedure, and An Illustration of the Use of the Procedure in An Application
Correlation and regression procedures are described in this section. This description is followed by an illustration of the use of the procedures in an application."

Abstract
This essay will analyze the history of the IQ-Race controversy with a view to questioning both the function of IQ as a predictive factor, and the validity of associations between IQ scores and racial origins. It will be argued that, from a layman's perspective, the sheer number of uncontrolled variables in such associations seem to undermine the theory that IQ is closely associated with race. Thus, general correlations between IQ scores and racial origins do not signify a causal relationship between the two.

Abstract
In this article, the writer discusses correlation and linear and nonlinear regression with respect to WidgeCorp's cold beverage sales.

From the Paper
"The term correlation refers to a statistical technique that demonstrates whether pairs of variables are related and to what degree. The correlation of two variables can be positive negative or minimal. Positive correlation means that as one variable gets larger the other gets larger while negative correlation means that as one gets larger the other gets smaller a relationship also known as an inverse correlation. A minimal correlation exists when the two variables are barely correlated and ..."

Tags:correlation, WidgeCorp, cold beverages, linear regression, nonlinear regression, minimum sum of square

Abstract
This paper takes a thorough look at a report put out by the National Commission on Teaching and America's Future, which found that the more educated, prepared, and confident a teacher can be when entering the classroom, the more the students will benefit. The paper looks at the questions raised and answered in the report by looking at variety of factors including state standards for staff development, progressive trends in staff development, and recommended guidelines for professional development programs. Graphs, tables, and statistics pertaining to the report are generously provided.

From the Paper
"Some states, as evidenced by the earlier tables, are implementing changes. However, the majority of states are maintaining the status quo, which consists of professional development being conducted as a course or workshop that is available to teachers multiple times during the course of a year. Yet others release students for a half or a full school day during which teachers participate in "in-school" programs that may or may not directly address professional development needs. The programs may feature topical experts, a panel of representatives from federal or state agencies regarding standards and certification requirements, or trainers offering tips and techniques for classroom management. The level of this activity is often dependent upon district financial resources."

Tags:improving, school, reform, learning, teacher, preparation, national, staff, development, council, curriculum

Abstract
This paper explains that these correlates are important, since they represent the leading organizational indicators that affect student learning. The author states that the correlates include instructional leadership, clear and focused mission, safe and orderly environment, a high expectation climate, frequent monitoring of students' progress, positive relations between the home and school, and an opportunity to learn. The paper stresses that the uniqueness of these correlates is that they are the only set of research-based characteristics of a school's climate associated with improved and better learning.

From the Paper
"By mastery, it means the completion of an established set of instructional objectives, which indicates the students' readiness to go forward to the next level. The level of thinking and teaching must be parallel to the students' abilities. There must be multiple teaching methods and high level thinking skills made available to all students. Any failure to demonstrate mastery of the subjects must be acted upon immediately with alternatives. School skills must be defined and explained to students. Goal setting and self-reporting exercises may be emphasized. Skills that are basic could be in the area of reading, writing, math, technology and citizenship. These are understood with clarity and taught by teachers. To breed expectation, the lessons must be reviewed while curriculums defined. Mastery level is not communicated but developed although the expectation for success is communicated."

Tags:unique, leadership, team, monitoring, expectation

Abstract
A review of the article "Correlation of Microscopic and Mitochondrial DNA Hair Comparisons" by Houck and Budowle.

From the Paper
""Correlation of microscopic and mitochondrial DNA hair comparisons" by Houck and Budowle. For this article, the thesis of the article was that while microscopic comparisons of morphological characteristics of the human hair is accepted in the scientific and legal communities, the new method of mitochondrial DNA, mtDNA sequencing, provides an additional test that would complement the existing test and use of both would add to findings. This main point was easy to find in the abstract and the opening introduction statements. The presentation of the..."

Tags:Correlation, of, microscopic, and, mitochondrial, DNA, hair, comparisons

Abstract
The paper looks at two of the most often used correlational statistics for computing the association between two variables; the Pearson correlation statistic and the Spearman correlation statistic. However, there are theoretical and functional differences between these two statistics, and the purpose of this paper is to discuss these differences.

From the Paper
"A correlation is a statistical term, meaning that there is an association or relationship between two or more variables, (Woodbury) and the correlational statistic itself is a number that describes the type of relationship or association that exists. (Gavin) One well known correlation is that between income and education. Although not always on average, a person's yearly income will increase with increases in his or her education. (Macionis) There are diverse reasons why people examine for correlations..."

Tags:statistics, correlations

Abstract
The paper relates that correlation is the "mutual relation between two or more things" while causation is" causing or producing an effect" ("Correlation"). The paper explains that there has been a consistent battle of thought focused on correlation and causation, with some theorists arguing that correlation does lead to causation or that they are intertwined "Correlation"). However, the paper discusses how when it is considered that in the drug trade there may be a connection of two or more elements that impact such trade, these connections do not always lead to foreseen outcomes or produce specific outcomes. The paper looks at how Mars indicates that his has historically been evident in relation to the drugs trade throughout the political realm of the nation (135). The paper points out that during the Nixon administration this was especially true, with correlation and causation failing to coincide with one another (Mars 135).

Tags:drug, trade, politics