Abstract This paper discusses the difficulties when working in a correctional institution. Correctional officers are in daily contact with murders, rapists and other violent offenders. It is often necessary for such facilities to expand, or to bring in more inmates, simply because of the nature of today's society. The paper reports that these needs put increased pressure on an already strained support system. Correctional officers are often underpaid and turnover can be high in correctional facilities. Desert View Modified Community Correctional Institute has such a need to expand; however, the high rate of turnover among the correctional officers, in conjunction with the difficulty in hiring new officers, makes it difficult to maintain the staff needed for such an expansion. Such difficulty would make an expansion difficult and unsafe for the community.
Abstract This paper presents an in-depth review of literature looking at the effects and causes of stress among correctional officers. The paper examines literature discussing the theories of stress and burnout, stress among correctional officers, effects of stress on correctional officers, job satisfaction and turnover among correctional officers.
From the Paper "Specifically, this chapter will include theories of stress and burnout, stress among correctional officers, effects of stress on correctional officers, job satisfaction and turnover among correctional officers and a summary of the chapter. Job related stress has been associated with a vast array of physical diseases and psychological disorders and has been..."
Discussing how the concept of corrective affliction affects the protagonist in the novel "The Scarlet Letter" by Nathaniel Hawthorne and Anne Bradstreet's poem, "The Author to My Book" .
Abstract This paper looks at how the works "The Scarlet Letter" and "The Author to Her Book" provide a good definition of corrective afflictions. When thinking in terms of how the theme of corrective afflictions is present in the novel and the poem, one could define it as placing someone into a position of pain to correct some sort of sin that one has committed. This paper looks at how this concept influences the main characters of these writings.
From the Paper "There are many corrective afflictions given to both Anne and Hester. Hester and ?the ill formed offspring,?(140) are the children who display these corrective afflictions to their mothers. God placed all of Hester and Anne's corrective afflictions upon them, in order to fix pieces of their lives that seemed to be broken. Both Anne Bradstreet and Hester Prynne walk through life with challenges that appear dismal, having thoughts of there being no chance for happiness. Through the afflictions given to the mothers from the children, and the abnormalities that the mother's must respond to, there are lessons for Anne and Hester to learn from Pearl and the ?ill formed offspring.? Yet, the afflictions are adherent to the fact that it will make their lives seemingly complete. The corrective afflictions change Hester and Anne's perception from their lives being utterly worthless, to wanting to make their lives one with the righteous of heart and soul."
Abstract The paper contends that correctional facilities do not work as intended. In part, this failure could be blamed on prison overcrowding. The paper explains that related to this issue is that of insufficient coverage by correctional officers. A third potentially related issue is the failure of our correctional facilities lack of funding to provide adequate room and personnel to oversee all prisoners in the system. The paper considers that a solution to this problem would seem twofold.
From the Paper "Additional beds are needed to house inmates produced by current sentencing guidelines. In addition, additional funding in the system would assist both with the housing and the personnel coverage. It has been suggested in the past that privatization of the correctional system would be of assistance with both issues. For that reason, this suggested design will be intended to address these needs with a facility built using private funds. Privatizing correctional facilities is not new."
Abstract This paper talks about how the role of corrections has changed since the 1960?s. The focus is mainly on community-based corrections.
From the Paper " The poverty programs of the 1960's which failed to win the war on poverty but made strong impressions on the Nation, are of particular importance for corrections. The ideology underlying those programs suggested that persons of minority origin and low socio-economic status systematically are denied access to higher status in American society. They are persistently over represented among those who experience mental and physical illness, educational failure, unemployment, and crime and delinquency. Programs that attacked such systematic exclusion from higher status used varied techniques. emphasis on cultural awareness attempted to promote dignity and pride among minority groups, inserted minority history into America's records, and resulted in new group cohesion, political clout, and often militant reactions with newly discovered strength."
Abstract This paper focuses on privatization of policing and corrections, providing a history of privatization. Particular attention is given to bounty hunter abuses and the state of privatized correctional facilities, which is supported by research and an interview with a consultant to a California state senator.
From the Paper "Privatization is the opposite of going public, which is the direction that many of our criminal justice agencies are heading toward. Privatization of policing and corrections are particular areas that have been experimenting with going private. Public agencies have been relying on private policing and correctional corporations to cut costs for services that state and federal agencies feel they cannot handle. There is an economic tug of war between politicians who are out to save money and eliminate state and federal spending abuses, while state and federal employees, particularly unions, are opposed. They believe that this cannot be achieved without reducing the quality of service and the elimination of much needed state and federal jobs. While these private companies are sometimes able to save money for state and federal agencies who are not able to provide these services in a way that is economically feasible, the officers who are losing jobs are up in arms."
Tags:corrections, policing, privatization, police, violence, crime, incarcination, prison, federal
Abstract This paper looks at the juvenile correctional system and how it works. It examines how and why juveniles get tried as adults. It also looks at the widespread occurrence of mental health problems among those in juvenile correctional facilities. Recommendations are drawn from the literature as to what needs to be done to address the problems in the system.
From the Paper "In recent years there has been a dilemma in the criminal justice system as to whether to treat juvenile offenders as adults and at what age to do this. The first juvenile court, a uniquely American institution, was established in ..."
Abstract This paper takes an in-depth look at Florida's faith and character based correctional facilities - the largest in the United States. The author examines the accountability, legal and ethical considerations in addition to the political and stakeholder issues regarding these institutions in an attempt to discover a potential benefit for society or a potential harm in having a governmental agency run completely faith-and character-based institutions. The paper gives a brief history of the development of faith and character based correctional facilities and then discusses issues such as accountability, legal and ethical considerations and political and stakeholder issues.
Outline:
Introduction / Basic Organizational Information
A Basic Background and History
Accountability
Legal and Ethical Considerations
Political and Stakeholder Issue
In summary
References
From the Paper Lawety was established as a Faith-and Character-Based Correctional Institution for men on December 24, 2003 and has a bed capacity of 835, making it the first Faith-and Character-Based Correctional Institution in the country. However, of importance is that by this time the Florida Department of Corrections had already been operating 10 Faith-and Character-Based Dormitories in several of their prisons. Florida Department of Corrections [FDC-E], Nd.; Florida Department of Corrections [FDC-F], Nd.). Hillsborough was created on April 14, 2004 for women with a housing capacity of 292 beds, and Wakula was created on March 1, 2006 with a bed capacity of 1,756 for men. (id).
Tags: crime prison faith correctional institution florida, jeb bush, society police
Abstract This paper explores aspects of the mentally ill in correctional facilities. It discusses why the number of mentally ill in prisons and jails is rising. It discusses problems the mentally ill face in prison, such as abuse, suicide, the inability of prisons to care for them properly, and release and recidivism. The paper also discusses some solutions to these problems.
From the Paper "Correctional facilities face many problems when dealing with different types of inmates. Many inmates have different or special needs. One of these groups of inmates is the mentally ill. The number of mentally ill offenders in correctional facilities is rising and because of this, prisons and jails have become one of the primary types of psychiatric treatment centers. In fact, "Jails in most major cities contain a larger number of severely mentally ill people than the local mental health hospitals" (Sigurdson, 2001, p70). Mental illness affects the inmate's behavior in prison and how they are treated by other inmates and the staff. This creates problems for the correctional facilities as well as the inmates. Some problems include abuse, busing, suicide, and recidivism. Topics that will be discussed are the rise of mentally ill in correctional facilities, problems that this creates, and some solutions to these problems. The staff do not know how to deal with the mentally ill and, as a result, the mentally ill often do not receive the treatment they need in order to be rehabilitated so that they can function normally in society. Changes need to be made in correctional facilities in order to provide treatment for mentally ill offenders so that they can receive the help and rehabilitation that they need."
Abstract This paper discusses what correctional policies can be created from the principles of restorative justice (based on indigenous justice principles). The writer looks at whether these values are more compatible with some offenses than others. The writer also discusses whether they are more appropriate for some types of offenders than others. Further, the writer discusses reasons why juveniles of color have higher rates of contact with the police than white youth.
From the Paper "According to Restorative Justice online, restorative justice is a systematic response to wrongdoing that emphasizes healing the wounds of victims offenders and communities caused or revealed by the criminal behavior. Three principles form the foundation for restorative justice. Justice requires that we work to restore those who have been injured. Those most directly involved and affected by crime should have the opportunity to participate fully in the response if they wish. Government's role is to preserve a just public order and the community's is to ... "
Abstract This paper reviews "The Corrections" by Jonathan Franzen, presenting an American family that is disintegrating in the face of disease, dementia, economic disruption and age. The paper explains that in this novel, it is not so much that the family does not work as a social unit but that the members of this family are all unhappy for one reason or another and are facing major changes in their lives, in some cases expected changes, in others unexpected and unwanted changes.
From the Paper "Jonathan Franzen's novel "The Corrections" presents an American family that is disintegrating in the face of disease, dementia, economic disruption, and age. More and more, novelists and others write about the American family as if it were necessary always to add the word "dysfunctional" as an adjective. In this novel, it is not so much that the family does not work as a social unit but that the members of this family are all unhappy for one reason or another and are facing major changes in their lives, in some cases expected changes, in others unexpected and unwanted changes. The father is losing his mind because of Parkinson's disease; the oldest son is clinically depressed; the next oldest is failing in his professional life; the younger daughter is having an affair, perhaps; and the mother watches all this happening as she seeks ways to amuse herself after a long life giving ..."
Abstract This paper analyzes the five goals of corrections which are retribution, deterrence, rehabilitation, incapacitation and restoration. It discusses the history, philosophy, development and empirical validity of each goal. The paper then concludes with a statement of recommendation as to the preferred corrections theory stating why that is the theory thought superior to the other corrections theories. Finally, it discusses which should serve to guide corrections in the future.
Table of Contents:
Objective
Introduction
Retribution
Deterrence
Rehabilitation
Incapacitation
Restoration
Summary
Recommendations For Future Corrections
From the Paper "Clearly research demonstrates both positive and negative results from use of the strategies of retribution, deterrence, rehabilitation, incapacitation; restoration and certainly what is the best correctional strategy for one type of individual might not be the best whatsoever for use with another individual. The individual who is truly criminally insane will not respond to any of the attempts in correction strategies except that of incapacitation in a prison facility. Just as clearly no individual who is logical would consider Charles Manson or Theodore Bundy as eligible profiles for the restorative justice program or even for rehabilitation program or indeed of any other than imprisonment or death by execution There are however, very potentially productive, useful, and worthy individuals who are shuffled into the correction system due to their inability to hire a lawyer or lack of knowledge concerning their rights to having representation appointed to them that with education and knowledge or skills acquisition can be successfully rehabilitation or restored to society and within the community. Recently there has been documented an additional strategy in criminal justice corrections which is described as a 'transformational' process and is a cognitive-behavioral approach in treatment."
This paper is a formal research proposal for a behavioral study of inmates, both currently enrolled and past participants in a Corrective Thinking Rehabilitation program.
Abstract This paper presents the literature review and a formal research proposal for a study to determine if a Corrective Thinking Program in the Community Correctional Center positively affects behavior, education, life style and recidivism rates in inmates who undertake this training for six months. This paper examines a new model, Corrective Thinking Curriculum, being tested to help inmates at one correctional center break down their destructive ways of behaving. This paper discusses that the central tenet of this model is classical conditioning models of learning.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Literature Review
Statement of Problem
Statement of Purpose
Statement of Need
Statement of Assumptions
Statement of Limitations
Methodology
Conclusion
References
From the Paper "Correction center officials are often reluctant to allow inmates any discretion; while this is understandable on many levels, it also is, in general, counterproductive at least with the majority of inmates. If inmates are never given the chance to receive positive reinforcement for their behavior, it is unlikely, in the extreme, that their behavior will change before they are released. The Corrective Thinking Curriculum is designed to change this self-defeating cycle."
Abstract This paper examines the book "The Corrections" by Jonathan Franzen which follows the paths of two generations of the Lambert family from mid-century through the late 1990's, emphasizing the similarities and differences of the lives of the characters. It analyzes how the characters, in their quest to correct, lose some of the most essential elements of humanity and how in Enid's case, she tortures her children by dreaming for them, in an effort to make them corrected versions of her. This drives them away, resulting in instability and lack of familial structure and as a result, she feels the need to correct this new problem and becomes obsessed with bringing everyone together again.
From the Paper "Enid's struggles are the center of the family. She is an example of how corrections can go too far. In one scene, the author recalls a time when the children were young and Enid felt she needed to "correct" her husband's nasty behavior. To do so, she cooks a terrible meal and her youngest son, Chip, is the victim of his parents? battle. Enid forces Chip to sit at the table until he is finished eating. He ends up sleeping at the table?an innocent victim of corrections."
Abstract In this article the writer notes that the issue of staff-on-inmate sexual misconduct remains a prevalent problem within the United States correctional system. The writer points out that there is a vast amount of research on the topic that has triggered the passage of new laws as well as placed a greater focus on the need for correctional facility officials and the Department of Justice to take actions to put an end to the abuse. The writer offers solutions to this increasing problem. The writer concludes that it appears that correctional administration and prison staff clearly have their work cut out for them if they want to achieve a safer and fairer modern correctional system.
From the Paper "Although somewhat recognized as a problem, sexual abuse within the prison system did not seem to occur as frequently as the later research tends to reveal. For example, by the early 1980s, it became increasingly noticeable that sexual abuse by those in a supervisory type position tended to be strategic, and that such formulations implied the presence of cognitive processes that allow offenders to simultaneously overcome their own inhibitions and the resistance of the victim. Ferund was among the first to explicitly acknowledge the role of cognition in explaining sexual abuse. He argued that sexual offenders had to overcome both internal and external inhibitions as well as the resistance of the victim in order for abuse to occur. According to his research, these offenders had to find a way to avoid taking responsibility for or to deny the harmfulness of behaviors that they would otherwise recognize as abusive. In general, researchers theorized that prison guards idealized the fact that they were in control over an unworthy population, and that such cruel treatment as sexual abuse was deserved by this population."
