This paper identifies the types of data and variables contained in the research by Eric Lambert and Nancy Hogan entitled 'Possible Antecedents of CorrectionalStaffWork on FamilyConflict'.
Abstract This paper explores an article that presents the exploratory research by Lambert and Hogan entitled 'Possible Antecedents of CorrectionalStaffWork on FamilyConflict' and reported in a 2006 "Professional Issues in Criminal Justice: A Professional Journal". The author points out that the nominal level of measurement was the control variables labeled "Personal Characteristics", such as gender, age and position. The paper reports that the measures of the variables, other than those of the personal characteristics, were on a sliding scale, which could not be interpreted as ordinal data or variables. The author reports that the independent variables were the level of job danger, role ambiguity, role conflict, instrumental communication (performance feedback), integration, input to decision-making, supervision, job variety and organizational fairness; the dependent variable of work on familyconflict was rated at several different levels.
Table of Contents:
Abstract
Nominal Data / Nominal Variables
Ordinal Data / Ordinal Variables
Interval Data / Interval Variables
Ratio Data / Ratio Level Variables
Methodology of Research
Proposed Version of Similar Research
From the Paper "The goal of yielding a bounty of ratio data would require an expansion of the dependent variable on the survey. In the present research, work on home conflict was limited to nine items varying from time conflict to strain or harm to family life. The researchers determined that only five of the independent variables had a statistically significant influence upon work on home conflict If it is desired to obtain more ratio data, then a new survey should be prepared emphasizing the five areas most likely to antecede work on home conflict and of those items rate the level of each area of work on home conflict established by the first survey."
Abstract The paper reviews a study done on one mid-western correctional facility that explored the possible antecedents of correctionalstaffwork on familyconflict. The paper examines the measures of validity and reliability, as well as proposed changes in methodology for increased validity and reliability. The paper also looks at methodology for the reliability of future studies.
Outline:
Part 1: Validity and Reliability in General
Face Validity
Content Validity
Criterion Validity
Predictive Validity
Construct Validity
Alternate-Forms Reliability
Inter-observer Reliability
Inter-item Reliability
Part 2: Improvements in Reliability and Validity
Replication of the Study
From the Paper "Self reporting studies are inherently, unless carefully crafted, in the areas of validity and reliability. When reviewing validity, the three measurement areas of idiosyncratic individual errors, generic individual errors, and method factors are all difficult to overcome in self reported studies. The perception of self and of surroundings can be as varied as the individuals self reporting the results to the researchers. Further, the motivation to be completely accurate and candid with the researchers is not evident, especially in this case where the researchers were paying for the results. The researchers chose to study only one correctional facility, and of the 450 possible respondents, received only 275 responses. (Lambert & Hogan, 2006, p.21) These factors lead to the low levels of validity and reliability further explored below."
Abstract This paper identifies various work-familyconflicts in the career path of women. It focuses on issues such as time restriction, psychological run-over from work to family and from family to work, cultural conflicts of women's roles and the fact that women are less likely to be promoted or tenured when they have small children. The paper then discusses what can be done to address these issues.
Table of Contents:
Purpose Of The Research
Research Questions
Importance Of The Research
Methodology
Literature Review
Summary And Conclusion
From the Paper "The methodology of the proposed study is one of a qualitative and phenomenological nature and is to be conducted in the form of a critical and extensive review of literature (Silverman, 2001) of academic and professional nature. A phenomenological approach is appropriate in understanding the experiences of a group of individuals. (Stewart, et al, 1998) The review of literature "shapes the study...and promote cumulative advances in knowledge." (Padgett, 1998) A qualitative review of literature is appropriates in the approach to conceptualization of social reality. (Punch, 2000) The literature review is stated to "serve four broad functions: (1) demonstrates the underlying assumptions behind the general research questions; (2) demonstrates that the researcher is knowledgeable about related research and the scholarly traditions that surround and support the study; (3) shows that the researcher has identified some gaps in previous research; and (4) refines and redefines the research questions by embedding them in larger traditions of inquiry." (Marshall and Rossman, 2006)"
Abstract This paper discusses a work-related conflict amongst personnel at the Cleveland Veterans Health Administration's (VHA) Progressive Care Unit (PCU). A brief description of the professional work environment is provided and the organizational structure and culture are identified. The paper also offers a final unique consideration and a conflict scenario with the impact on all stakeholders.
Outline:
Professional Work Environment
Organizational Structure / Culture
Unique Considerations
Conflict Situation
Conclusion
From the Paper "On all shift in the PCU at the Cleveland VHA an underline conflict between RNs and NAs is present. This conflict is centered on the inappropriate perceptions of job description and duties. The NA job description include patient care duties such as EKGs, vitals, glucose monitoring, patient hygiene and duties delegated by RN staff. When the unit does not have adequate NA staffing RNs compensates by performing NA duties on top of regular nursing duties. The conflict developed when a majority of the NA believed that the duties normally assigned to NA was being unfairly assigned to NA instead of the nursing staff as they have been done in the pass when NA staff was short. NA started to deliberately performing delegated task exceptionally slow or refused to do the duties at all."
Abstract In this article the writer notes that the issue of staff-on-inmate sexual misconduct remains a prevalent problem within the United States correctional system. The writer points out that there is a vast amount of research on the topic that has triggered the passage of new laws as well as placed a greater focus on the need for correctional facility officials and the Department of Justice to take actions to put an end to the abuse. The writer offers solutions to this increasing problem. The writer concludes that it appears that correctional administration and prison staff clearly have their work cut out for them if they want to achieve a safer and fairer modern correctional system.
From the Paper "Although somewhat recognized as a problem, sexual abuse within the prison system did not seem to occur as frequently as the later research tends to reveal. For example, by the early 1980s, it became increasingly noticeable that sexual abuse by those in a supervisory type position tended to be strategic, and that such formulations implied the presence of cognitive processes that allow offenders to simultaneously overcome their own inhibitions and the resistance of the victim. Ferund was among the first to explicitly acknowledge the role of cognition in explaining sexual abuse. He argued that sexual offenders had to overcome both internal and external inhibitions as well as the resistance of the victim in order for abuse to occur. According to his research, these offenders had to find a way to avoid taking responsibility for or to deny the harmfulness of behaviors that they would otherwise recognize as abusive. In general, researchers theorized that prison guards idealized the fact that they were in control over an unworthy population, and that such cruel treatment as sexual abuse was deserved by this population."
Abstract This paper discusses the difficulties when working in a correctional institution. Correctional officers are in daily contact with murders, rapists and other violent offenders. It is often necessary for such facilities to expand, or to bring in more inmates, simply because of the nature of today's society. The paper reports that these needs put increased pressure on an already strained support system. Correctional officers are often underpaid and turnover can be high in correctional facilities. Desert View Modified Community Correctional Institute has such a need to expand; however, the high rate of turnover among the correctional officers, in conjunction with the difficulty in hiring new officers, makes it difficult to maintain the staff needed for such an expansion. Such difficulty would make an expansion difficult and unsafe for the community.
Abstract The paper attempts to pinpoint the reasons for staff absenteeism in the prison system. The paper presents a study that uses a survey of correctionsstaff in a major prison facility. The paper discusses how solving the abstenteeism problem will help to improve the health, safety and well-being of staff members as well as inmates.
Outline:
Executive Summary
Problem Statement
Research Objectives
Literature Review
Methodology
Glossary of Terms
From the Paper "Absenteeism in the correctional system reduces the efficiency of the organization. It can also be costly as well. The problems associated with absenteeism in prisons are exacerbated by rapidly rising prison populations (Dolovich, 2005). . In 1975, there were approximately 226,000 inmates in prisons across the United States (Cettinger, 1976 in Dolovich, 2005) By 1984, the population had risen to 740,000 (Hindelang Criminal Justice Research Ctr., 2004). By 2003, the prisoner population in the United States was over 2.1 million (Harrison and Beck, 2004). This dramatic rise in prison populations places the entire system under strain. Absenteeism significantly adds to this problem as staff struggle to take up the slack for those that are not at work."
Abstract This paper explores the issue of working parents and the conflicts they face between juggling their family responsibilities with their work schedules. Specifically, the paper makes reference to a large number of studies conducted into this issue, including Chow and Berheide, Voydanoff, Frone, Russell and Cooper, Bronneberg, Hammer, Allen and Grigsby and Frone, Yardley, and Markel in 1997. The paper looks at working mothers and the effects on their own and their children's lives.
From the Paper "Research has been conducted in the field of work-family conflict for a number of years. Initially studies on family and work were being conducted as being two separate areas of research. But later research has focused to be dealing with the interrelationship between family and work and between work and family. Based on quantitative survey research, present research aims to promote a relationship between work, family and community."
Abstract In this paper the trends of the working woman are examined. The paper looks at the history of the working woman from when it first became acceptable for women to work outside of the home until modern day where there are dual incomes in a family. The paper also looks at the effects of two working parents on a family.In conclusion the paper surmises that the trends of the workingfamily will continue to change due to the changing nature of society.
From the Paper "The stress which results of having a lack of control over demands and excessive demands coupled with the family stress can cause overload, role conflict in dual-earner families, and the strain of the work-family balance (Katz & Piotrkowski, 1983; Hughes, Galinski, & Morris, 1992). With the upward movement of class, job stressors change somewhat. The balance of family boundaries to workplace demands, such as bringing home work and working long hours are what managers and executives must determine (Frone, Russell, & Cooper, 1992)."
Tags:families, single, parent, classes, children, female
Abstract This paper presents a book review of "WorkingFamilies: Age, Gender, and Daily Survival in Industrializing Montreal", by Bradbury. It is a work of historiography that seeks to fill in some of the gaps in Canadian historiography of working class families during the years from 1860s to the 1890s.
From the Paper " Book Review: Working Families: Age, Gender, and Daily Survival in Industrializing Montreal This was the time of the industrial revolution in Canada, and during this time Montreal became Canada's most important industrial city. Therefore, a history of this period in Montreal is very useful in understanding how the industrial revolution impacted families, and particularly how it impacted Canadian families. "
Abstract This paper looks at the Marilyn M. Friedman nursing theory and her life. The writer of this paper uses Friedman's own book to outline the theoretical approaches Friedman contributes to the family nursing practice field. In addition the reader is treated to a short biography of Friedman's life and works.
From the Paper "We have all seen the depiction of nurses long ago. They wore their little white caps and they changed bedpans, comforted families and opened the drapes in hospital rooms letting the light in. Beyond that we were not really aware of their presence other than at injection time. Fast-forward to today and nurses have changed tremendously. Today's nurse is extremely well educated, involved in patient care and interacts with the medical staff, social programs and the families of the patient on a regular basis. The field of nursing has grown and changed to the point it is now divided into specialty types much like the field of doctors has done. Family practice nursing is a specialty that often dovetails with family practice or general practice physician work."
Abstract This paper reviews "The Corrections" by Jonathan Franzen, presenting an American family that is disintegrating in the face of disease, dementia, economic disruption and age. The paper explains that in this novel, it is not so much that the family does not work as a social unit but that the members of this family are all unhappy for one reason or another and are facing major changes in their lives, in some cases expected changes, in others unexpected and unwanted changes.
From the Paper "Jonathan Franzen's novel "The Corrections" presents an American family that is disintegrating in the face of disease, dementia, economic disruption, and age. More and more, novelists and others write about the American family as if it were necessary always to add the word "dysfunctional" as an adjective. In this novel, it is not so much that the family does not work as a social unit but that the members of this family are all unhappy for one reason or another and are facing major changes in their lives, in some cases expected changes, in others unexpected and unwanted changes. The father is losing his mind because of Parkinson's disease; the oldest son is clinically depressed; the next oldest is failing in his professional life; the younger daughter is having an affair, perhaps; and the mother watches all this happening as she seeks ways to amuse herself after a long life giving ..."
Abstract This paper discusses the book, "Integrating Work and Family" written by Saroj Parasuraman, and examines the modern conflict between work and family from a number of perspectives. The paper explores specific types of work and familyconflicts and explains the impact that they have on the involved parties. The paper argues that these conflicts stem from changes in work and family situations during this century. The paper expresses the potential damage that can arise from clinging to old stereotypes of the nuclear family.
From the Paper "In Integrating Work and Family, Parasuraman attempts to examine the conflict between family and work from a variety of those impacted, including individuals, employers, consultants, and counselors. The book notes that while there has been a great deal of discussion about family/work conflicts, such conflicts remain a serious problem. Writes Parasuraman, "The problem of balancing work and family arises from work-family conflict, which reflects a mutual incompatibility between the demands of work role and the demands of the family role" (p. 3-4). Integrating Work and Family is made up of 21 chapters, and covers a wide range of topics. Parasuraman begins the book with a historic overview of the relationships between work and family, and discusses how this relationship has changed over time. The author then provides a number of different perspectives on the relationship between work and family, ranging from that of a person who struggles to maintain balance, to a counselor's perspective on managing tensions inherent in the conflict between work and family, to a view of the research surrounding work-family issues."
Abstract The theme of conflict in James Agee's most popular work, "A Death in the Family", is one of the most powerful motivating forces that serves to drive the plot. This paper assesses the extent of conflict in "A Death in the Family" and will demonstrate that conflict serves to develop the characters and press the plot forward.
From the Paper "One of the largest transformations in family life over the last decades has been the rise of the dual-earner family. The number of families which are dual-earner, married couple households has increased dramatically, having overtaken "traditional" breadwinner/homemaker families in number as early as the mid-70s, continuing into even through the late 1980s and 1990s. Despite the phenomenal growth in this segment of the population, very little has been done to meet the growing needs of dual-earner families. With the prevalence of mothers and fathers in the work force, inevitably we find that there is a conflict. Caregivers in the workforce face the difficult decision to choose between their family and their jobs, and unfortunately, most employers do not do enough to help."
Tags: squeeze, time, family, values, dual, earner, century
