Abstract
This paper discusses the difficulties when working in a correctional institution. Correctional officers are in daily contact with murders, rapists and other violent offenders. It is often necessary for such facilities to expand, or to bring in more inmates, simply because of the nature of today's society. The paper reports that these needs put increased pressure on an already strained support system. Correctional officers are often underpaid and turnover can be high in correctional facilities. Desert View Modified Community Correctional Institute has such a need to expand; however, the high rate of turnover among the correctional officers, in conjunction with the difficulty in hiring new officers, makes it difficult to maintain the staff needed for such an expansion. Such difficulty would make an expansion difficult and unsafe for the community.

Tags:california, correctional, privatization

Abstract
This paper explains how correctional coaching may be a cost effective alternative to firing employees. The paper states that the purpose of correctional coaching--a method of achieving both personal and professional goals--is to create the type of work environment that is both attractive and conducive to quality employees. The author lays out the steps to becoming a successful correctional coach, provides a story of an inspirational coach who helped his team post hurricane Katrina, and concludes with an example of effective peer coaching.

From the Paper
"As a correctional coach, the goal is to listen for the opportunity to guide employees into solutions that benefit the correctional setting and help the employees to establish goals or means to accomplish their ends. (Gomez 44) It is of the utmost importance to instill a positive morale amongst the work force. Gomez states that coaching is not the same as counseling, in that it is action oriented involving the implementation and subsequent accomplishment of goals. (44) The manager must of course follow the golden rule and treat the employees with respect; in this fashion it may be returned. The element of correctional coaching is also long-term, as goals are not necessarily accomplished overnight.
"As the task of being a correctional coach is consuming, there are various steps which must be taken. Initially the correctional coach must identify their idea as to the mission or ultimate goal of what they wish to establish for the organization is, and share this with their staff. Then is the observance of behavior, and upon data collection, correctional coaching would begin if needed. Areas that could use improvement are identified, alongside their goals for said improvement. Goals are defined and a plan of attack created then initiated. Along the way progress is measured and following the ultimate success a feedback process, with continual coaching to maintain motivation to ensure all areas maintain proper efficiency and do not necessitate the creation of correctional processes."

Tags:coach coaching correctional motivational, corrections coaching

Abstract
The paper contends that correctional facilities do not work as intended. In part, this failure could be blamed on prison overcrowding. The paper explains that related to this issue is that of insufficient coverage by correctional officers. A third potentially related issue is the failure of our correctional facilities lack of funding to provide adequate room and personnel to oversee all prisoners in the system. The paper considers that a solution to this problem would seem twofold.

From the Paper
"Additional beds are needed to house inmates produced by current sentencing guidelines. In addition, additional funding in the system would assist both with the housing and the personnel coverage. It has been suggested in the past that privatization of the correctional system would be of assistance with both issues. For that reason, this suggested design will be intended to address these needs with a facility built using private funds. Privatizing correctional facilities is not new."

Tags:privatization, correctional, facility

Abstract
This paper takes an in-depth look at Florida's faith and character based correctional facilities - the largest in the United States. The author examines the accountability, legal and ethical considerations in addition to the political and stakeholder issues regarding these institutions in an attempt to discover a potential benefit for society or a potential harm in having a governmental agency run completely faith-and character-based institutions. The paper gives a brief history of the development of faith and character based correctional facilities and then discusses issues such as accountability, legal and ethical considerations and political and stakeholder issues.

Outline:
Introduction / Basic Organizational Information
A Basic Background and History
Accountability
Legal and Ethical Considerations
Political and Stakeholder Issue
In summary
References

From the Paper
Lawety was established as a Faith-and Character-Based Correctional Institution for men on December 24, 2003 and has a bed capacity of 835, making it the first Faith-and Character-Based Correctional Institution in the country. However, of importance is that by this time the Florida Department of Corrections had already been operating 10 Faith-and Character-Based Dormitories in several of their prisons. Florida Department of Corrections [FDC-E], Nd.; Florida Department of Corrections [FDC-F], Nd.). Hillsborough was created on April 14, 2004 for women with a housing capacity of 292 beds, and Wakula was created on March 1, 2006 with a bed capacity of 1,756 for men. (id).

Tags:crime prison faith correctional institution florida, jeb bush, society police

Abstract
This paper presents an in-depth review of literature looking at the effects and causes of stress among correctional officers. The paper examines literature discussing the theories of stress and burnout, stress among correctional officers, effects of stress on correctional officers, job satisfaction and turnover among correctional officers.

From the Paper
"Specifically, this chapter will include theories of stress and burnout, stress among correctional officers, effects of stress on correctional officers, job satisfaction and turnover among correctional officers and a summary of the chapter. Job related stress has been associated with a vast array of physical diseases and psychological disorders and has been..."

Tags:Corrections

Abstract
In this article the writer notes that the issue of staff-on-inmate sexual misconduct remains a prevalent problem within the United States correctional system. The writer points out that there is a vast amount of research on the topic that has triggered the passage of new laws as well as placed a greater focus on the need for correctional facility officials and the Department of Justice to take actions to put an end to the abuse. The writer offers solutions to this increasing problem. The writer concludes that it appears that correctional administration and prison staff clearly have their work cut out for them if they want to achieve a safer and fairer modern correctional system.

From the Paper
"Although somewhat recognized as a problem, sexual abuse within the prison system did not seem to occur as frequently as the later research tends to reveal. For example, by the early 1980s, it became increasingly noticeable that sexual abuse by those in a supervisory type position tended to be strategic, and that such formulations implied the presence of cognitive processes that allow offenders to simultaneously overcome their own inhibitions and the resistance of the victim. Ferund was among the first to explicitly acknowledge the role of cognition in explaining sexual abuse. He argued that sexual offenders had to overcome both internal and external inhibitions as well as the resistance of the victim in order for abuse to occur. According to his research, these offenders had to find a way to avoid taking responsibility for or to deny the harmfulness of behaviors that they would otherwise recognize as abusive. In general, researchers theorized that prison guards idealized the fact that they were in control over an unworthy population, and that such cruel treatment as sexual abuse was deserved by this population."

Tags:prison, abuse, victim, officer

Abstract
The paper reviews a study done on one mid-western correctional facility that explored the possible antecedents of correctional staff work on family conflict. The paper examines the measures of validity and reliability, as well as proposed changes in methodology for increased validity and reliability. The paper also looks at methodology for the reliability of future studies.

Outline:
Part 1: Validity and Reliability in General
Face Validity
Content Validity
Criterion Validity
Predictive Validity
Construct Validity
Alternate-Forms Reliability
Inter-observer Reliability
Inter-item Reliability
Part 2: Improvements in Reliability and Validity
Replication of the Study

From the Paper
"Self reporting studies are inherently, unless carefully crafted, in the areas of validity and reliability. When reviewing validity, the three measurement areas of idiosyncratic individual errors, generic individual errors, and method factors are all difficult to overcome in self reported studies. The perception of self and of surroundings can be as varied as the individuals self reporting the results to the researchers. Further, the motivation to be completely accurate and candid with the researchers is not evident, especially in this case where the researchers were paying for the results. The researchers chose to study only one correctional facility, and of the 450 possible respondents, received only 275 responses. (Lambert & Hogan, 2006, p.21) These factors lead to the low levels of validity and reliability further explored below."

Tags:validity, reliability, replication, methodology

Abstract
The paper presents arguments regarding the morality and legality of the death penalty and argues briefly for its continued presence within the fabric of the contemporary United States justice system. The paper examines the enforcement of the death penalty in the different states and reasons for its use. The paper demonstrates the importance of maintaining the deterrence of correctional officers who face the risk of murder from incarcerated inmates.

Outline:
Overview
The Death Penalty in the United States
Reasons for the Death Penalty
Why Correctional Officers in Prison are Analogous to Police Officers
Conclusion

From the Paper
"The U.S. Constitution forbids cruel and unusual punishment. What constitutes cruel and unusual punishment is a subjective idea, and has evolved over the course of world and American history, both legally and in terms of public opinion. The appropriateness of punishment is something that evolves in dialogue with the law courts of the land and also in terms of what people believe is fair punishment. At present, the U.S. Supreme Court has affirmed the constitutionality of the death penalty, provided that it is enforced in a fair and equitable manner, and the majority of the United States citizenry has supports the death penalty. Support is growing, rather than sinking. "Support reached an all-time low of 42% in 1966. Throughout the 70s and 80s, the percentage of Americans in favor of the death penalty increased steadily, culminating in an 80% approval rating in 1994"."

Tags:deterrence, retribution, inmates, punishments, police, violence

Abstract
This position statement examines the appropriate use of punishment in the Ohio Correctional System. The writer proposes that it is an accepted fact that correctional systems must use some form of punishment, but the reasons for using punishments are extremely diverse in their intents and purposes. The paper discusses how arguments can be made in favor of using punishment as a means of retribution for crimes committed, incapacitation of the prisoner when in the system, creating physical and psychological forms of deterrence, helping form an environment of restorative justice, and rehabilitation of the prisoner's existing behavior.

Tags:prison, justice, reform

Abstract
This paper looks at the correctional systems and the purpose they serve. It then describes the correctional system and explains what purpose they serve for society. .