Abstract
This paper gives an overview of the history and practice of using angle-supported phakic intraocular lenses to correct myopia. The paper describes initial safety concerns when this practice began in the 1950's.

From the Paper
"The use of angle-supported phakic intraocular lenses (IOLs) to correct myopia started in the 1950s. However, there were safety issues associated with the first generation IOLS. Severe complications usually lead to their explantation."

Tags:piol, explantation, phakic

Abstract
This paper looks at how the works "The Scarlet Letter" and "The Author to Her Book" provide a good definition of corrective afflictions. When thinking in terms of how the theme of corrective afflictions is present in the novel and the poem, one could define it as placing someone into a position of pain to correct some sort of sin that one has committed. This paper looks at how this concept influences the main characters of these writings.

From the Paper
"There are many corrective afflictions given to both Anne and Hester. Hester and "the ill formed offspring,"(140) are the children who display these corrective afflictions to their mothers. God placed all of Hester and Anne's corrective afflictions upon them, in order to fix pieces of their lives that seemed to be broken. Both Anne Bradstreet and Hester Prynne walk through life with challenges that appear dismal, having thoughts of there being no chance for happiness. Through the afflictions given to the mothers from the children, and the abnormalities that the mother's must respond to, there are lessons for Anne and Hester to learn from Pearl and the "ill formed offspring." Yet, the afflictions are adherent to the fact that it will make their lives seemingly complete. The corrective afflictions change Hester and Anne's perception from their lives being utterly worthless, to wanting to make their lives one with the righteous of heart and soul."

Tags:hester, pearl, pain, lesson, correct, sin

Abstract
This paper examines the book "The Corrections" by Jonathan Franzen which follows the paths of two generations of the Lambert family from mid-century through the late 1990's, emphasizing the similarities and differences of the lives of the characters. It analyzes how the characters, in their quest to correct, lose some of the most essential elements of humanity and how in Enid's case, she tortures her children by dreaming for them, in an effort to make them corrected versions of her. This drives them away, resulting in instability and lack of familial structure and as a result, she feels the need to correct this new problem and becomes obsessed with bringing everyone together again.

From the Paper
"Enid's struggles are the center of the family. She is an example of how corrections can go too far. In one scene, the author recalls a time when the children were young and Enid felt she needed to "correct" her husband's nasty behavior. To do so, she cooks a terrible meal and her youngest son, Chip, is the victim of his parents' battle. Enid forces Chip to sit at the table until he is finished eating. He ends up sleeping at the table an innocent victim of corrections."

Tags:quest, obsession, enid, alfred

Abstract
This is a critical paper addressing the teacher's role in increasing the knowledge of the individual learner through observation of cognitive abilities, portfolio reviews and thinking aloud exercises that contrast very often with results of assessment indicating disability or defect. The paper includes a varied bibliography from North American sources. The paper also notes the different kinds of intelligence, variation and the failings of assessment systems now in place.

From the Paper
"Students with special needs are sometimes assessed using curriculum standards or testing instruments that relate them to the general student level and at others using instruments to demonstrate their progression level and later progress. One sees the need in some situations for both kinds of assessment, especially when trying to determine the areas in which special needs students require extra attention. Ideally, one hopes to assess students in relation to a group of children who do not have special needs and then again more individually."

Tags:observationcog, portfolio, thinkingaloud

Abstract
This paper discusses the difficulties when working in a correctional institution. Correctional officers are in daily contact with murders, rapists and other violent offenders. It is often necessary for such facilities to expand, or to bring in more inmates, simply because of the nature of today's society. The paper reports that these needs put increased pressure on an already strained support system. Correctional officers are often underpaid and turnover can be high in correctional facilities. Desert View Modified Community Correctional Institute has such a need to expand; however, the high rate of turnover among the correctional officers, in conjunction with the difficulty in hiring new officers, makes it difficult to maintain the staff needed for such an expansion. Such difficulty would make an expansion difficult and unsafe for the community.

Tags:california, correctional, privatization

Abstract
This paper presents an in-depth review of literature looking at the effects and causes of stress among correctional officers. The paper examines literature discussing the theories of stress and burnout, stress among correctional officers, effects of stress on correctional officers, job satisfaction and turnover among correctional officers.

From the Paper
"Specifically, this chapter will include theories of stress and burnout, stress among correctional officers, effects of stress on correctional officers, job satisfaction and turnover among correctional officers and a summary of the chapter. Job related stress has been associated with a vast array of physical diseases and psychological disorders and has been..."

Tags:Corrections

Abstract
This paper explains how correctional coaching may be a cost effective alternative to firing employees. The paper states that the purpose of correctional coaching--a method of achieving both personal and professional goals--is to create the type of work environment that is both attractive and conducive to quality employees. The author lays out the steps to becoming a successful correctional coach, provides a story of an inspirational coach who helped his team post hurricane Katrina, and concludes with an example of effective peer coaching.

From the Paper
"As a correctional coach, the goal is to listen for the opportunity to guide employees into solutions that benefit the correctional setting and help the employees to establish goals or means to accomplish their ends. (Gomez 44) It is of the utmost importance to instill a positive morale amongst the work force. Gomez states that coaching is not the same as counseling, in that it is action oriented involving the implementation and subsequent accomplishment of goals. (44) The manager must of course follow the golden rule and treat the employees with respect; in this fashion it may be returned. The element of correctional coaching is also long-term, as goals are not necessarily accomplished overnight.
"As the task of being a correctional coach is consuming, there are various steps which must be taken. Initially the correctional coach must identify their idea as to the mission or ultimate goal of what they wish to establish for the organization is, and share this with their staff. Then is the observance of behavior, and upon data collection, correctional coaching would begin if needed. Areas that could use improvement are identified, alongside their goals for said improvement. Goals are defined and a plan of attack created then initiated. Along the way progress is measured and following the ultimate success a feedback process, with continual coaching to maintain motivation to ensure all areas maintain proper efficiency and do not necessitate the creation of correctional processes."

Tags:coach coaching correctional motivational, corrections coaching

Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that the Florida's Community Corrections system has been challenged by budgetary constraints and shortfalls. The writer analyzes an Internet article on the Florida Office of Community Corrections and its efforts to deal with budget cuts.

From the Paper
"Under Florida law the Office of Community Corrections is charged with supervising offenders placed on community supervision programs including pre-trial intervention probation community control, drug offender probation, sex offender probation and post-release supervision. Like other organizations or agencies subsumed within the criminal justice system, Florida's Community Corrections system has been challenged by budgetary constraints and shortfalls. It is this issue as described by Hieteenthia Hayes, Assistant Secretary for the Florida Department of Corrections that will be investigated herein ..."

Tags:corrections, Office of Community Corrections, budgeting, article, public agencies, public agency, criminal justice

Abstract
The paper contends that correctional facilities do not work as intended. In part, this failure could be blamed on prison overcrowding. The paper explains that related to this issue is that of insufficient coverage by correctional officers. A third potentially related issue is the failure of our correctional facilities lack of funding to provide adequate room and personnel to oversee all prisoners in the system. The paper considers that a solution to this problem would seem twofold.

From the Paper
"Additional beds are needed to house inmates produced by current sentencing guidelines. In addition, additional funding in the system would assist both with the housing and the personnel coverage. It has been suggested in the past that privatization of the correctional system would be of assistance with both issues. For that reason, this suggested design will be intended to address these needs with a facility built using private funds. Privatizing correctional facilities is not new."

Tags:privatization, correctional, facility

Abstract
This paper talks about how the role of corrections has changed since the 1960's. The focus is mainly on community-based corrections.

From the Paper
" The poverty programs of the 1960's which failed to win the war on poverty but made strong impressions on the Nation, are of particular importance for corrections. The ideology underlying those programs suggested that persons of minority origin and low socio-economic status systematically are denied access to higher status in American society. They are persistently over represented among those who experience mental and physical illness, educational failure, unemployment, and crime and delinquency. Programs that attacked such systematic exclusion from higher status used varied techniques. emphasis on cultural awareness attempted to promote dignity and pride among minority groups, inserted minority history into America's records, and resulted in new group cohesion, political clout, and often militant reactions with newly discovered strength."

Tags:community, corrections, crime, punishment