Abstract
This paper considers the corporate Web site of Clear Channel Communications, their ethical/corporate responsibility stance and how well they meet that objective with three examples. The paper concludes that the company does a good job of meeting their ethical objective, at least as self-reported.

From the Paper
"Clear Channel Communications includes radio stations, television stations-soon to be divested-and outdoor advertising billboards both in the United States and around the world. Outdoor advertising including traditional and digital billboards are found on every continent including Australia and Africa. Revenues in exceeded ... billion down slightly from but a slight increase from Net income in ... was nearly ... billion. This followed a net loss of ... billion in and a netprofit of ... billion in Clear Channel. This research considers the ethical framework..."

Tags:Clear Channel Communications, corporate governance, ethics

Abstract
This paper defines and examines the concept of corporate social responsibility. It first discusses the importance and the scope of corporate social responsibility and looks at how it differs from personal ethics and responsibility. The paper then discusses various benefits of corporate responsibility and looks at profits for a company with regards to its ethics.

Table of Contents:
Introduction: Definition of Social Responsibility
Personal Ethics vs Social Responsibility
Corporate Citizenship
Working Model/s
Expectations of Corporate Responsibility
Benefits of Corporate Social Responsibility
Profits and Corporate Responsibility
Conclusion: Are We the Salt of the Earth?

From the Paper
"Supporters of corporate social responsibility uphold that the higher goal of an economic system is to further the general social welfare (University of Miami 2004). Advance economies recognize that the purpose of business lodges beyond maximizing efficiency and profit. More and more, society expects businesses to sustain it. And businesses must rely on the inputs of society for their success and survival. The bottom line is that no business can exist separately from society or the community. On account of this, businesses face the obligation contribute to the well-being of the community on which it heavily depends (University of Miami). That symbiosis is what gives flavor to the world or makes the corporate social responsibility enforcer the veritable "salt of the earth.""

Tags:community, efficiency, welfare, society

Abstract
This paper provides an argument that the corporate responsibility model fashioned by Larry May (collective responsibility) is a more effective model for accounting for and controlling the behavior of corporations and their executives than the conflict model of tradeoffs or the corporate social responsibility (CSR) model.

From the Paper
"Larry May's model of corporate responsibility is known as collective responsibility in the sense that he argues corporations canonly act vicariously, because they do not have object-agent status. In other words, corporations act or choose a course of action, either through their stockholders board of directors or their executives acting for the stockholders board of directors. Separating when such actors are acting for the corporation or for their own interests is a complex challenge to corporate responsibility. This analysis will illustrate May's model of collective responsibility, highlighting..."

Tags:environment, profits, stockholders, board of directors, agency, accountability, ethics, unethical

Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that today, the excellence of companies is not rated purely on their competitive nature and profits made. In fact, their social responsibilities, contributions and attitudes are also considered a huge part of their image and popularity. The writer discusses that major industries, entrepreneurs and managers have the additional responsibility to oblige the needs and rights of their workers, their customers, the societies and communities they serve as well as the overall atmosphere. In this paper, the writer studies the corporate responsibility of Gap enterprises in order to understand the manner in which multi-national corporations are currently defining and managing their responsibilities with regards to human and environment right as well as the labor or workforce demands and needs. The writer concludes that Gap Inc. is one of the leading enterprises in the world that realizes its social responsibility and acts according to its obligation to the community by engaging and initiating ventures that can help in the enhancement of working environments, employee expansion, environmental awareness, efficient and satisfying labor supply chains, etc.

Outline:
Introduction
Gap Enterprises
Supply Chain Labor Environments
Employee Growth
Community Investment
Environmental Issues
Conclusion

From the Paper
"The GAP enterprises realize their responsibility and accountability to the community and also realize that their success lies in the networking that they are able to do with the community they are in and the way that the community responds to them. Hence, they have made sure that they correctly assess and evaluate all their strategies and how they affect their own commerce and the environment of the community both in the short and the long term. The GAP enterprise does well in adapting their objectives in accordance with the community i.e. in developed markets they target the strong-minded and independent youngsters while in the developing markets they target the women to help them break out of the contemporary cycle and enhance their work capacities.
"With the increase in the social responsibility of the corporations and business entities, the GAP enterprises like many other corporations now have to work hand in hand with the government if they want to make the community feel like they can trust the industry."

Tags:workforce, accountable, supply, manufacturing

Abstract
This paper examines why a high standard of ethical behavior is just as important for non-profit corporations as it is for for-profit corporations. The paper makes special reference to the recent problems with the United States Olympic Committee, which demonstrated that even non-profit organizations are subject to corporate failure and need to be monitored and regulated. The paper suggests that a responsible organization will in fact benefit from its own proper actions, as well as ultimately benefiting the wider business and social community.

From the Paper
"To take up the moral objections first, one can argue that corporate social responsibility must be practiced because it is the right thing to do. A business executive should never find himself or herself asking the question: "If I conduct my business in an unethical way, how much more money will I make?" Rather, each individual must determine how much gain is reasonable and, having decided this, match those expectations of financial gain with a business that can be carried out in a responsible and moral fashion (www.business-ethics.org). This is true rather one is raising money for a charity or trying to make a profit."

Tags:olympics, committee, enron, leadership, ethics

Abstract
This paper reviews and discusses the history and background of Cisco Systems. According to the paper, Cisco Systems is the world leader in the development, design, manufacturing and selling of home, small business and enterprise networking, telecommunications and online security. The paper reports that Cisco is considered to be one of the most ethically astute and well-run companies in the United States today, receiving many awards for their work on social responsibility initiatives and corporate citizenship.

Outline:
Executive Summary
Financial Reports and Analysis
Internship Opportunities
Social Responsibility and Corporate Citizenship
Cisco Charitable Giving Programs

From the Paper
"In terms of hiring interns from local colleges and universities, Cisco is one of the few companies to actually post open positions in their open jobs database accessible by anyone on the Internet. Cisco Internship Positions (2006) shows twenty six positions open today, all of them paying jobs, where the interns receive a stipend, and if their performance on the job is strong enough, the chance to come back after they finish their degrees and work for Cisco full-time. Numerous senior managers and directors in the company have completed their internships and come back to work for years at Cisco, progressing through the ranks of the company. It is commonplace to find at least two or three Vice Presidents at Cisco who have had this career progression as well. The company seeks interns in San Jose, California, the Research Triangle area of North Carolina, and at smaller engineering locations throughout the world."

Tags:charitable, giving, global, corporate, citizenship, disadvantaged, assistance, support

Abstract
This paper examines the various parties to whom corporations are responsible. This issue is multi-faceted, encompassing not only to whom corporations owe their allegiance, but also the extent of their obligations. Corporate responsibility is considered in terms of an evolutionary process. Some of the liabilities conflict with one another, whereas others may depend on an individual corporate culture. Also discussed is the role of the CEO and their potential liability in the corporation and its actions.

From the Paper
"In the face of all the scandals plaguing modern corporations, it is ironic to consider the origins of the corporation. Corporations were formed for two primary reasons; limiting responsibility and growing profits. The first purpose of a corporation is independent of corporate size; even small business owners can incorporate their businesses into limited liability corporations (LLCs), which function as individual entities and protect the personal assets of the corporation's owners from financial attack in the face of corporate liability. For example, a person running an in-home pet-sitting business may choose to incorporate the business. By incorporating, the business itself is treated as an entity. Therefore, even if the owner of the business himself brings about a circumstance that makes the corporation liable, such as leaving open a gate and allowing a client's prize-winning pet to escape, the corporation can only be held liable to the limits of its corporate assets, rather than the assets of the individual owner. Ideally, this situation would allow someone to do business in an arena where it might otherwise be too financially risky to do so. However, the liability limiting functions of a corporation can also work to protect the unethical businessperson. By shifting corporate assets to the individual, in the guise of an over-inflated personal salary, an unscrupulous businessperson can do business in a way that leaves its clients vulnerable to wrongdoing. "

Tags:liability, America, CEO, scandal

Abstract
This paper looks at the need for corporate leaders to become more socially responsible from both an internal and external organizational perspective. The paper points out that it should be part of the corporate leader's duty to be socially responsible both in terms of an organization's internal relationship with its employees and in terms of its external relationship with the community.

From the Paper
"While nowadays there are many major corporations who take some sort of pride in providing community support (even if, like pharmaceutical companies in AIDS-stricken Africa, they were literally forced by public pressure to do so) social responsibility comes from within, first. Among the first to recognize this "from within" idea was Dr. Edward Deming, who had to go to post-war Japan to get his ideas about teamwork and a "family" concept proven. He may have been one of the pioneers of creating an ethical standard as a sort of "contract" between employer and employee."

Tags:ethics, management, difficult, choices, values, corporate, culture, traditions, legends, systems, rewards, punishments

Abstract
This paper discusses corporate problems (i.e., mass layoffs, high CEO payoffs, discrimination in the work force) and examines how they are ultimately responsible for many of our social problems (i.e., crime, suicide, alcoholism, domestic violence etc).

From the Paper
"What is a corporation? While there are numerous definitions floating around, I think that a corporation most clearly can be defined as an invention of the state. That is, the state grants a corporate charter, upon request by an individual or group of individuals, which permits private financial resources to be used for public purposes. One of the main advantages to an individual incorporating their business is in doing so they protect all of their personal assets and only that portion of the money that is invested in the corporation is at risk. In other words, creditors of the corporation cannot come after the individual s private home and money to secure payment for the corporation s debt. Sounds like a good deal, right? Well, during the early years after the ratification of the United States, many believed that the granting of corporate charters would assist in the expansion of the state in which the corporation existed (Shah). However, not everyone was in favor of granting corporate charters and viewed them as having the ability to attain great power. wayside. In fact, one of the biggest victories for corporate power came in 1886 when the United States Supreme Court declared that a corporation was an individual and was, therefore, entitled to the same rights as a person (Shah). The Supreme Court, in reliance upon the Fourteenth Amendment to the Constitution which was enacted to protect the rights of freed slaves, ruled that a private corporation is a natural person under the United States Constitution, thereby entitling it to all the rights afforded to citizens of the United States, including the right to free speech (Robbins 100). The ramifications of such a ruling are still felt today. By allowing corporation s this right, we have effectively allowed them to influence government by lobbying legislatures, use of the mass media, establish educational business schools, and donate money to political candidates. In essence, the corporations are allowed in all walks of government influence and have more power than an individual citizen who could never compete with the wealth and power of corporations."

Tags:corporation, government, politics, problems, social

Abstract
On December 3, 1984, a cloud of highly toxic gas rose above the city of Bhopal, India. When it settled, it instantly killed approximately 3,000 people and left up to 600,000 people dying slowly or suffering various kinds of medical problems. This paper examines the claims by Union Carbide that the company should not be held responsible as the explosion was a result of sabotage. The paper argues that the company should be held responsible as it failed to impose security measures that might have avoided such a tragedy. The paper then examines the case of 3M company which come under fire for marketing a respiratory mask that it (allegedly) knew was not as safe to use as claimed.

From the Paper
"While disavowing any culpability in the incident, they nevertheless paid out $470 million (about Rs. 7.5 billion) plus an additional Rs. 43 million to Indian government agencies that were supposed to distribute the cash to survivors of the incident and to families of those killed or who have since died as a result of injuries sustained at the time (Economist. Par. 4). Generally, big corporations don't pay out this kind of cash unless they are forced to, and certainly not just to be nice. It follows that Union Carbide paid this huge sum as part of an effort to preserve (or restore) its reputation."

Tags:methyl, isocyanate, chemical, OSHA