Abstract
This paper takes a look at the practice of factory farming in the United States. While the paper concedes that these new age farms have found innovative ways to produce meat and food for the increasing demand, the methods involved, crowded conditions, and problems caused to the environment are less than beneficial. The author describes how the factory farms have deteriorated the environment by polluting waterways and producing greenhouse gases as well as the unnatural and overcrowded conditions that livestock now live in. The paper also mentions the additional health problems that humans will encounter as we eat the products from these farms and fill our bodies with unnatural bi-products. In closing, the author urges the public to stop destroying the environment by overconsumption and to support free range farmers.

From the Paper
"The United States livestock industry is certainly not the shining example of how animals should be treated, but it is certainly a vital part of agriculture in this country. There has been a major shift in the way livestock is produced and grown in the last several decades. Small family farms have been replaced by large corporately owned factory farms. These new age farms have caused major problems for our environment, our health, and our animals. Huge factory farms have become the predominant method of raising livestock, and the crowded conditions in these facilities have caused water and air pollution, caused health problems, and caused harm to overall public health. There is no doubt that these farms have found innovative ways to produce meat and food for our increasing demand, but these ways are simply not healthy for humans, animals, and the earth."

Tags:livestock industry, agriculture environment health, corporate farming

Abstract
This paper examines two corporate taxation cases to draw similarities and differences and analyze the resulting rules of law. First, 'Seggerman Farms' is closely examined for its impact, and then, reversing the process of time, an earlier case that it relied on - 'Lessinger '- is examined next. This paper demonstrates which case is more supportable and will endure into the future of taxation.

From the Paper
"Liability assumptions can also result in gain recognition or other tax consequences when property is transferred to or from a corporate entity or partnership. For instance, when a taxpayer transfers property to a controlled corporation in exchange for stock, the taxpayer is required to recognize gain under section 357(c) if the corporation "assumes" liabilities of the taxpayer in excess of the tax basis of the transferred property."

Tags:incorporation, liabilities, income, tax, Rosen

Abstract
This paper analyzes Paradise Farm Organics (PFO), which produces a line of organic grocery items that are both suitable to the outdoors oriented consumer as well as the typical health conscious consumer. It first provides a brief background of the company and discusses its goals and mission. The paper then provides an external and internal analysis of the company. Finally, the paper analyzes the strategies of the company, provides a SWOT (strengths, weakness, opportunities, threats) analysis and recommends strategies for the future.

Table of Contents:
Abstract
Paradise Farm Organics: Case Analysis
Introduction
Background in Brief
The Organization Today
Mission, Goals, & Stakeholders
Mission
Goals & Objectives
Stakeholders
External Analysis
General Environment
Industry Environment
Competitor Analysis
Internal Analysis
Resources
Strategy
Business Level
Corporate Level
International Level
Cooperative Strategies
Synthesis
Strengths
Weaknesses
Opportunities
Threats
SWOT Matrix
Alternatives
Do Nothing
Expand Strictly on Internet
Criteria for Evaluation
Evaluation
Recommendations
Implementation
Action Plan
New Structure and Control Systems Needed
Criteria to Evaluate Success

From the Paper
"International Level
International strategies are currently beyond the scope of PFO's strategic planning horizon. While its internet based retail operation can obviously service international markets merely by virtue of being on the web, this can hardly be considered an international strategy. PFO should refrain from any international market strategy until it is able to consolidate and expand its existing markets."
"Cooperative Strategies
PFO has existing cooperative strategies such as MRS's distribution agreement but this agreement has, in fact, hampered PFO's short to mid-term growth plans. While such cooperative sales and distribution strategies offer larger market exposure and greater sales volumes, they also reduce margins and limit market opportunities for PFO."

Tags:corporate, Internet, SWOT, retail

Abstract
This paper argues that in view of the fact that most farm subsidies from the US government go to large agricultural corporations, the money would better be used to clean up the environment.

From the Paper
"Agricultural subsidies are financial assistance to farmers through government-sponsored price-support programs. Trade protection through tariffs imposed by governments on specific commodities to ensure that domestic producer prices exceed international prices, market price support and general support not linked to production, research training, marketing support and infrastructure, are other ways in which nations protect their agricultural sector."

Tags:agriculture, environment, farm subsidies, agribusiness

Abstract
This paper examines the federal legislation that restricts the advertisement of tobacco products in the United States. It illustrates the repercussions felt in the advertising and farming industry, and looks at their change in market strategy. The paper includes a detailed case study of the R.J. Reynolds tobacco company and personal remarks of a smoker.

Table of Contents:
Summary of Major Points
Recommendation and Justifications
Implementation Requirements
Control
Bibliography

From the Paper
"Big tobacco is in trouble. There are nearly a dozen bills before Congress to restrict advertising for tobacco products in the United States along with pending legislation effecting exports of their dangerous product. As the politicians in the smoke-free backrooms of Washington contemplate this legislation, not only the cigarette industry is worried. The advertising industry as a whole is also concerned, along with farmers nationally and abroad. Taking the position of big tobacco, I see several problems facing this industry today and tomorrow. What follows is a brief synopsis of their concerns and a marketing strategy to help their industry survive."

Tags:R.J., Reynolds

Abstract
This paper describes precision agriculture. The author feels that precision agriculture may be the greatest development since the agricultural revolution. The paper then discusses how precision agriculture became possible and the technologies behind it. The author concludes that precision agriculture enables small farmers to survive in a market dominated by huge corporate farms.

From the Paper
"Precision agriculture became possible through the development of Global positioning systems technology and as such technology has increased in accuracy and decreased in cost, as technology tends to do there has been a far-reaching effect. Though the price tag may still seem high the promise of precision agriculture far outweighs the initial output. "Normal civilian GPS receivers have a precision of about 100 yards. A system called differential GPS, which requires a local base station, can provide meter-level accuracy. At these accuracy levels, the technology has found widespread use in the nation's farmland, as part of a movement called precision agriculture. ("Satellite System Can Control")"

Tags:farming, corporations, technology

Abstract
The paper considers the views of various philosophers on morality and animals and explains the moral, ethical, ecological/environmental, and health-related reasons why this issue is important. The paper then discusses the arguments for and against raising animals for food and concludes with this writer's opinion that while he does not pass ethical or moral judgment on those who regularly eat red meat, pork or chicken, he does pass judgment on the unethical strategies used in "factory farming" of poultry, pigs and cattle. The writer contends that is unconscionable for corporations to crowd thousands of chickens into small enclosures and fatten them up using chemicals just to obtain the highest possible profit.

Outline:
Introduction
Why is This Issue Important?
Arguments For and Against Animals Grown for Human Food
Explain The Position Taken on These Issues

From the Paper
"As background for the points he wants to make, Masson first runs though the fallacies with reference to humans vs. animals; to wit, humans are: "the only animals with culture" (false, wolves learn wolf culture at an early age); "the only animal to use language" (false, broadly described, animals have communication tools as a kind of language); the "only animals with complex emotions" (false, Darwin demonstrated that animals have emotions in 1872); the only animals "with a sense of death" (false, "elephants mourn their dead perhaps as deeply as we do"); and humans are the only animals who can project into the immediate future (false, look at the face of a dog when the owner gets the leash out in preparation for a dog walk).
"Masson makes more points that contribute thoughtfulness to the question of why this issue is important, and the author not just alluding to the age-old debate between vegetarians and meat-eaters in this genre. For example, Masson (p. 34) points out that the "mega-animal farms" (also called "factory farming") are polluting "our air, our water, and our land." He is talking about large pens packed with pigs, cattle, chickens and other animals "trapped as they are fattened up for slaughter." Of course Masson is alluding to the grossness and cruelty of factory farming but he also brings science and environment into his argument."

Tags:factory, farming, slaughter, cruelty, morality

Abstract
The paper discusses how the transformation of farming in recent years with the incredible expansion of agribusiness on a transnational scale has been one of the least reported, if most significant, aspects of the neoliberal economic process known as globalization. This paper explores - through a structural perspective - the health implications of this transformation of food production on a planetary scale. The thesis is argued that the increasing growth of agribusiness as a consequence of the almost simultaneous neoliberal deregulation of food production industries in a number of countries has increased the level of "food insecurity" among the human population of the globe. This has had significant negative consequences for the health of human communities around the world as a consequence of a number of determinants (e.g., obesity and malnutrition as the consequence of socio-economic factors; consumption of potentially dangerous agricultural products from a genetically modified farming environment etc.). As is seen, these determinants are closely linked to the concentration of food production within the scope of fewer, and larger, transnational agribusinesses. The paper argues that this concentration of agricultural production under the control of a handful of large, transnational agribusinesses radically increases the risk of harm to large swathes of the human population from both accidental (e.g., unforeseen genetic interactions in the wild) and deliberate (e.g., food terrorism) damage to globalized corporate food production systems.

From the Paper
"The transformation of farming in recent years with the incredible expansion of agribusiness on a transnational scale has been one of the least reported, if most significant, aspects of the neoliberal economic process known as globalization. This paper will explore - through a structural perspective - the health implications of this transformation of food production on a planetary scale. The thesis will be argued that the..."

Tags:food, health, industry

Abstract
This paper first explains that a credit appraisal necessitates an in depth analysis of a company, which evaluates its operating efficiency, financial strength and the security of the lent money, in order to decide to issue credit to the company. Next, the author presents an extensive analysis of the prospects of the Indian retail industry and various retail chains, which would be part of a credit appraisal. The paper cautions that a credit appraisal, which is a projection into the future, is based on both qualitative and quantitative information that is subjected to error.
The paper includes several tables.

Table of Contents:
Table of Contents
Executive Summary
Objectives of the Study
Methodology
HDFC Bank
Wholesale Banking Services
Retail Banking Services
Treasury
Emerging Corporates Group
Credit Appraisal: An Introduction
Credit
Credit Decision
Credit Appraisal Memo (CAM)
Information to be Analyzed in a Credit Appraisal Memo
Information on the Management and the Key Personnel of the Company
Information on the History and Background of the Company
Total Facilities Availed with other Banks/ Institutions
Information about the Group Companies
Information on the Products of the Company
Information on the Raw Materials Used by the Company
Information on the Production and Capacity of the Company
Information on the Marketing Network of the Company
Industry Analysis
In Depth Analysis of the Company Financials
Information on the Expansion Plans of the Company
Assessment of Maximum Permissible Banking Finance (MPBF) for the Current Year
Terms of the Facilities
Types of Credit Facilities
Fund Based Facilities
Cash Credit and Overdraft
Term loans
Bill Finance
Non-Fund Based Facilities
Guarantee
Letter of Credit Facility
Working Capital Finance
Introduction
Appraisal of Bank Finance
Various Methods of Lending
Bank Guarantee
Definition
Types of Guarantees
Appraisal/ Sanction of DPG facility
Letter of Credit
Parties to a Letter of Credit
Assessment of Letter of Credit Limits
Assessment of DP-LC Limit
Assessment of DA-LC limits
Summary of General Credit Principles for Making Credit Decisions
How do we Make Credit Decisions?
Retail- An Introduction
Retail Defined
Value Proposition
Organized Retail Defined
Advantages of Organized Retailing - Efficiencies
Levels in Retail
Retail Evolution
Traditional vs. Organized Retail
SWOT Analysis of Traditional
Advantages of Traditional and Organized Stores
Verticals in Retails
Food and Grocery Retail
Clothing and Textile
Electronics and Consumer Durables
Jewelry, Fashion Accessories and Beauty Products
Home Decor and Furnishing
Footwear
Modern Store Formats
Value Retailing
Supermarkets
Hypermarkets
Lifestyle Retailing
Departmental Stores
Apparel stores
Specialty Stores
Discount Stores
Shopping Malls
Emerging Trends in the Indian Retail Industry
Increasing Share of Organized Retail
Domestic Retailers in a Rush to Capture Large Market Share
New Domestic Entrants to Further Spur Growth
Global players: Planning Establishments
Movement towards Smaller Cities
Large Store Sizes
Formats Customized to Local Requirements
ITC Chaupal Sagar: A Case in Point
Specialty Retailing
Shrinking Catchments
Corner Stores at Petrol Pumps, Multiplexes, Etc in Neighborhood Areas
Strengthening the Back-End
Proliferation of Malls
Increasing Lease Rentals: Hurdle to Fast Growth
Growth of Organized Retail
Introduction
Retail Industry to Witness Multiple Stages of Growth
Key Cities in India
Delhi: Most attractive destination
National Capital Region (Delhi)
Mumbai
Kolkata
Bangalore, Hyderabad and Chennai
Ahmedabad and Pune
Retailing: Growth Drivers
Higher Disposable Income and Economic Perspective
Demographic Changes
Change in Consumer Outlook towards Branded Products
Growth in Retail Malls
Increased Usage of Credit Cards and Availability of Cheap Finance
Key Success Factors for Organized Retailers
Location
Consistency in Positioning
Scale of Operations
Supply Chain Management
Challenges for Organized Retail
Unavailability of Suitable and Low-Cost Real Estate
Multiple Legislative Laws Lengthen Procedures
Multiple Taxation Complicates Uniform Pricing
Supply Chain Bottlenecks
APMC Curtails Direct Sourcing from Farm Level
Unavailability and High Cost of Trained Manpower
Foreign Direct Investment in the Indian Retail Industry
Entry of International Players
Franchising
Cash and Carry Wholesale Trading
Joint Venture
Distribution
Manufacturing
Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) in Indian Retail
Impact of Recent Guidelines on FDI in Retail
Entry of New Players Restricted to Premium Luxury Retail
Retail Chains Tapped
Cantabil International Private Limited
V-Mart
W Women's Wear
Limitations of Credit Appraisal

From the Paper
"An efficient supply chain management is the backbone of an organized retail chain. The reach and depth of the chain is the key to winning the competition. In a market, where players cannot survive by increasing end prices (particularly in the value segment), the player who is able to integrate backwards and squeeze higher margins by saving supply chain costs will see higher profitability. It also allows the player to procure the best quality goods from the source of production/manufacture, and thus, to provide variety at a greater value for money."

Tags:repayment, working capital, verticals formats, foreign direct investment

Abstract
This paper describes the lobbying process in the United States Congress. It looks at the origins of lobbying, the purpose of lobby groups, what kinds of institutions and organizations compose a lobby group, and how lobbying efforts and the lobbying process has changed over time. The paper also looks at global lobby groups and the influence that lobbyists exert on the U.S. Congress in general.

From the Paper
"Lobbying is the practice and profession of influencing governmental decisions, and is carried out by agents who represent the concerns of special interests to legislators and administrators.1 The term first originated in the 1830's, when representatives of interest groups tended to congregate in the lobbies of Congress and state legislatures, however, the term is now used in a broader sense to include attempt to influence any governmental actions.2 Lobbying in the United States today has become an accepted an ubiquitous part of the political system. Although federal and state legislators are technically representatives of geographical areas, they spend a great deal of their time with lobbyists, and at times are responding to interest groups rather than to their constituents, to the degree that legislation drafted by lobbyists is sometimes introduced."

Tags:corporations, labor, unions, public, interests, farm, alliances, financial, state, capitals, protect, further