Abstract
Schools claim that children are protected from abuse. Studies of stress symptoms resulting from corporal punishment in schools evidence short and long term psychological damage. Academically, corporal punishment has the distinct effect of reducing the self-esteem of a child. Socially, the child victim of corporal punishment experiences a multiplicity of effects. Spanking and other forms of corporal punishment of children may paradoxically cause an increase in antisocial behavior. The behavior problems associated with corporal are not confined to aggression and other anti-social behaviors by children.

Tags:corporal, punishment, schools

Abstract
The paper discusses how it is commonly accepted by many within the media, within academia, and within that large body of professionals who devote themselves to the study and care of children, that corporal punishment, be it undertaken in the home or at school, is destructive. The paper asserts that while there is definitely ample proof for this view, the literature is not as unanimous as some people might believe; in fact, there are a number of studies that suggest responsible physical discipline, combined with a number of other disciplinary strategies, can actually help mold children in positive ways; at the very least, there is some recognition in the research that spanking is not necessarily a statistically significant predictor of anti-social behavior or personality problems later in life. With that in mind, this paper argues that corporal punishment is positive and effective if it is done within the context of the home - and done sparingly; when corporal punishment is carried out in the school, however, there is mounting evidence that this leads to abuse and to serious long-term damage to the child involved. Understandably, because of the controversial and complex nature of this topic, both sides of the debate - those who support corporal punishment and those who are roundly opposed to it - are looked at. Once more, scanning the literature, the paper shows how it is evident that responsible physical discipline by responsible parents can work.

From the Paper
"It is commonly accepted by many within the media, within academia, and within that large body of professionals who devote themselves to the study and care of children, that corporal punishment, be it undertaken in the home or at school, is destructive. While there is definitely ample proof for this view, the literature is not as unanimous as some people might believe. In fact, there are a number of studies that suggest responsible physical discipline, combined with a number of other disciplinary strategies, can actually help mold children in positive ways; at the very..."

Tags:corporal, punishment, children

Abstract
This paper examines the history of the use of corporal punishment in American education. It look at the traditional use of corporal punishment in American schools and homes since Colonial times. The paper discusses the reasoning, sociopolitical and spiritual factors motivating the use of corporal punishment in schools and describes forms of corporal punishment.

Tags:corporal punishment, education

Abstract
The paper explores specific questions concerning corporal punishment. These questions address how corporal punishment is defined, when it becomes abuse, and whether or not other countries handle corporal punishment differently than the United States. In addition, the paper examines what researchers say about the pros and cons of spanking as well as the possible effects of spanking and/or alternatives.

From the Paper
"The following discussion provides a literature review on the subject of corporal punishment. In the process, the current discussion explores specific questions concerning corporal punishment. These questions address how corporal punishment is defined, when it becomes abuse, and whether or not other countries handle corporal punishment differently than the United States. In addition, the current study examines what researchers say about the pros and cons of spanking as well as the possible effects of spanking and/or alternatives."

Tags:corporal punishment, spanking, spanking alternatives

Abstract
This paper discusses the issues for and against corporal punishment of children in schools. It identifies the problem and looks at spanking as a method of disciplining the child and the arguments for and against spanking. The paper suggests alternatives to corporal punishment.

Tags:corporal punishment, spanking

student, schools

Abstract
This paper discusses the negative effects of corporal punishment and relates that many countries have banned corporate punishment of children. The paper argues that the negative effects of using corporal punishment outweigh any benefit of using corporal punishment. The paper also discusses how statistics show that the negative effects of spanking can lead to aggression, criminal and antisocial behavior, mental health problems, and child abuse. The paper argues that corporal punishment of children should be banned in the United States.

From the Paper
""An estimated 906,000 children are victims of abuse and neglect every year" ("National Child Abuse Statistics"). "An estimated 26.2 percent of Americans ages 18 and older - about one in four adults - suffer from a diagnosable mental disorder in a year" ("Numbers Count"). This paper will show the relationship between these two statistics and the negative effects of using corporal punishment on children and the importance of alerting parents to find different ways to discipline their children. As a citizen of the United States, it is important to learn how to help parents to find ways to punish their children and as a citizen, it is important to..."

Tags:punishment, children, negative

Abstract
The paper reveals that corporal punishment is legal in the public school systems of many states and remains widely used in most American families. The paper then discusses how little data exists on issues of race and corporal punishment, on how punishment is administered in different schools and in terms of the racial composition of the inflictor of the punishment. The paper highlights the need for more data to determine whether certain regional or ethnic cultures are more supportive of spanking, and whether bias exists in administrating corporal punishment in school.

From the Paper
"Corporal punishment still remains widely used in most American families. Regarding the data on its effectiveness, in a recent large-scale meta-analysis and literature of eight-eight existing studies by psychologist Elizabeth Thompson Gershoff, the use of corporal punishment was linked to increased child aggression and antisocial behavior. Only positive association with corporal punishment was the increased, immediate compliance on the part of the child while the other strongest association was between corporal punishment and the physical abuse of the child by the parent (Is corporal punishment an effective means of discipline, APA, 2002). However, some argue this association is due to correlation rather than causality. For example, corporal punishment may be more apt to be used by less educated and advantaged parents, but is not the cause of abuse, and the child's privations may be the cause of the antisocial behavior. Or antisocial children may be more apt to be spanked in the first place."

Tags:punishment, discipline, spanking, race, culture

Abstract
Examines effects of income and education levels on parental views and use of corporal punishment. Hypothesizes that low-income, less educated parents use physical force more than verbal assertion. Discusses many studies on the topic that reveal corporal punishment to be prevalent despite negative consequences and the growth of opposition toward its practice.

From the Paper
"The purpose of this research paper is to investigate effects of income and education levels on parental views and uses of corporal punishment. A review of the literature will be used to address the following hypothesis: lower income and educational levels will be positively associated with higher tendencies to believe in and practice, spanking. The population investigated will include both parents but will focus on mothers. It is expected that the research will support the hypothesis."

Tags:MARRIAGE, Punishment Parental

Abstract
This study studies the relationship of corporal punishment and the academic performance of students in grades 1 - 9 in Taiwan. There are many research studies examining corporal punishments in the K-12 setting worldwide, but only a few studies have specifically examined the relationship between corporal punishment and academic performance. This study aims to better understand the relationships between the frequency of corporal punishment, the attribution by the students towards the reasons of the punishments, and the actual academic performance of the students.

Contents:
Abstract
Chapter 1:
Introduction
Corporal Punishment of Students in the United States
Corporal Punishment of Students in the Far East
Limitation, delimitations, assumptions
Chapter 2:
Literature Review
Chapter 3:
Methodology
Research Questions
Data Source
Sampling and Population Method
Strength and Limitation of Sampling Method
Data Analysis

From the Paper
"These cases of corporal punishment (or CP) on children demonstrates the gravity of the issue. These studies raise questions concerning the relationship between corporal punishment of children and adverse outcomes, such as anti-social behavior, as well as other issues (Magrid 1990; Strauss, 2001; Gaffney, 1997; Hicnchey, 2003).
Western educational experts argue that the long-term costs of corporal punishment outweigh any short-term benefit that might be gained by its application. The effects of corporal punishment may last for years, and the family, the local community, and society at large pay the price for teachers' actions. Beatings and other cruel, inhuman, or degrading treatments potentially affect both the physical well-being and the psyche of those who are punished (Gaffney 1997, Andero 2002)."

Tags:Taiwan

Abstract
This paper addresses the controversial issue of corporal punishment by parents and explains the difficulties there are in defining what constitutes corporal punishments. The author takes on the definition of spanking but shows that there are also difficulties in studies done on this topic because they use different variables and the respondents are affected by their emotions. The author quotes that the most reliable studies actually supported the use of corporal punishment. The paper concludes that when corporal punishment is discussed, many variables need to be considered, such as the age of the child, the type of infraction, how the punishment is delivered and other discipline options available to the parent.

From the Paper
"It seems that everyone holds an opinion on what they call "corporal punishment," and everyone seems to know exactly what they mean by "corporal punishment." Technically, corporal punishment means "the infliction of punishment on the body" (Benatar, 1998), meaning that everything from one swat on the behind of a toddler to torture to death by electrocution or lethal injection is "corporal punishment. However, when parents or researchers talk about the corporal punishment of children, what they usually mean is spanking, a form of discipline used by many parents. Benatar (1998) defines it as "the infliction of physical pain without injury" (Benatar, 1998), but that definition is also broader than spanking."

Tags:spanking, hitting, violence, abuse