Abstract
The paper relates that the lack of a known cause of developmental coordination disorder (DCD) raises the uncertainty of the most effective treatment method. The paper focuses on the two treatments therapists usually opt for; task-oriented interventions (top-down approaches) that teach purposeful goals, or an attempt to treat the underlying motor issues (bottom-up approaches) at the neural and muscular level. The paper points out that, although these therapies benefit the subjects, they do not serve as cures for their significant motor deficits. The paper concludes that this reinforces the need for further research as to the exact cause of DCD.

Outline:
Bottom-Up
Top-Down
Future Research
Conclusion

From the Paper
"Thirteen years ago, researchers agreed upon including "Developmental Coordination Disorder" (DCD) in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of the American Psychiatric Association (DSM-IV) (Iversen, Ellertsen, & Tytlandsvik, 2005). Today, a diagnosis of DCD often replaces the previously common assumption that a child who has uncoordinated motor skills is simply clumsy or going through an awkward phase. Approximately 5-8% of children between 5 and 11 years are diagnosed with DCD and therefore have significantly impaired motor function, which interferes with their activities of daily living. While many theories exist regarding the etiology of DCD, such as a secondary result of neuronal damage or neonatal insult, researchers have not defined an exact cause (Barnhart, Davenport, Epps, & Nordquist, 2007)."

Tags:bottom-up, top-down, therapy, motor, skills

Abstract
The paper discusses how when an emergency occurs, there is no time to work out procedures for different levels of government to work together. The paper argues that the procedures have to be in place before the emergency occurs, so that there can be intergovernmental coordination.

From the Paper
"An emergency is something which occurs without warning. In the modern world, where a major emergency, such as a natural disaster, is likely to involve more than one jurisdiction, when the emergency occurs there is no time to work out procedures for different levels of government to work together. The procedures have to be in place before the emergency occurs, and there has to be a high degree of realistic assurance that the..."

Tags:katrina, fema, government

Abstract
This paper aims to explore how to coordinate the relationship between suppliers and buyers in the specific supply chain situation of one manufacturer and duopoly common retailers in order to gain managerial implications that could be useful to build the competition strategy for the manufacturers. The paper outlines the methodology to be used and presents a literature review. The paper finds that supply chain management coordination between suppliers and buyers offers a great many advantages and that among these advantages is the reduction of cost of goods along with reductions in costs associated with shipping of supplies and inventory.

Outline:
Purpose of Study
Introduction
Significance of Study
Methodology - Differential Games
Literature Review
Summary
Recommendations

From the Paper
"UNEP states in regards to opportunity that a "strategic approach to sustainability enables the development of far stronger supplier relationships to deliver added-value, ensure reliability, enable innovation and provide sustainable 'stories' for communication to consumers to help build brand trust and loyalty." (United Nations Environment Program, 2008, p. 5) A strategic approach enables the securitization of the license "to operate within communities, legal systems and government that might otherwise be antagonistic. It gives permission for experimentation, exchange of ideas and the essential ingredients for innovation." (United Nations Environment Program, 2008, p. 5)
"In regards to risk are the "reputational challenges of underestimating consequences of failing to anticipate local community and opinion-former perceptions of environmental and social impacts and of not realizing the potential for mass media to mobilize global opposition and opprobrium with extreme speed." (UNEP, 2008, p.5) Benefits associated with responsible supply chain management are stated by UNEP to include those as follows: (1) better working conditions result in the reduction of turnover and improve both quality and reliability; (2) environmental responsibility improves efficiency and profitability; (3) risk are anticipated and managed, costs reduced and productivity enhanced; (5) communities, consumers and shareholders benefit; and (6) personal, community and corporate values of respect and equity are empowered."

Tags:game, theory, inventory, collaboration, production, transportation, costs

Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that developmental coordination disorder (DCD) is a diagnosis that is just coming into the spotlight in pediatric clinics across the world. The writer discusses that a referral to a physical, occupational, or behavioral therapist might only treat one of many symptoms and lead to an inefficient and limited treatment. With this disadvantage, a single therapist attempting to treat a child with DCD would be at a loss. The writer points out that due to its complex nature and wide-ranging symptoms, the best way to treat a child with DCD would be to attend to all of these symptoms with their respective therapists and address problems with the use of a team approach. The writer concludes that DCD is a multi-faceted disorder and its complexities present a number of challenges. The writer maintains that the key to providing the best treatment for children with DCD is to address each of these challenges with relevant treatments and maximize efficiency with a healthcare team.

Outline:
What is DCD?
What are the Treatments?
Physical Therapy
Occupational Therapy
Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy
How Can We Address These Needs?
Conclusion

From the Paper
"Since both bottom-up and top-down treatments are effective, there is little refuting either approach. Therapists are given the creative freedom to treat a child with either method, or a combination of the two. The collaboration of the bottom-up and top-down approaches, which could consist of strength training as well as treatment in gross motor skills, might be the most promising intervention in the physical therapy realm. The evidence, however, does show that physical therapy alone does not fully cure the problems that DCD presents. Children, even after the interventions, remained below the developmental level of their same-age peers, often because of psychosocial and fine motor issues. After physical therapy, children should be able to run without falling; however, they still might be unable to tie their shoes or continue to act out in class. Physical therapy is indeed crucial, but it must be used in tandem with the other necessary treatments to ensure that all aspects of the disability are addressed."

Tags:therapist, interventions, difficulties, motor, skills

Abstract
This paper stresses that children of incarcerated fathers most often become incarcerated themselves because they do not have the involvement of their fathers in their upbringing. The author recommends that educational programs for incarcerated fathers be coordinated with the curricula of their children so that they might share and reinforce positively their academic experiences. The paper relates that the role of the social worker within this initiative would include primary responsibility for coordination of curricula and the promotion of the benefits of program participation, both among incarcerated populations and the families outside.

Table of Contents:
Introduction - Statement of the Problem
Proposal for Solution through Educational Initiative
Prisoner Education Programs and the Benefits of Increased Parental Involvement
Prisoner Education Programs and the Motivating Potential for Prisoner Cooperation
Assessment of Proposed Initiative in Relation to Impact on Social Workers
Conclusion

From the Paper
"Ultimately, the successful implementation of this initiative will also impact on the responsibilities of social workers, by their efforts to increasing the motivation of prisoners to cooperate and take full advantage of the opportunities that fall within the professional responsibilities of the social worker to facilitate. As will be discussed in much greater detail in subsequent sections, social workers will play an essential role at the program design and development stage, in particular."

Tags:curricula, urban gang, parental involvement, coordination participation

Abstract
In evaluating what stress is and the aspects of teamwork that contribute and detract from it, the writer presents an analysis, completed from a series of books, journals and articles to ensure the accuracy and completeness of analysis. The writer notes that employees face many stressors as contributors to an organization that are in turn amplified when they participate in and contribute to groups. This paper analyzes different aspects of working in a team that contribute to higher levels of stress in employees, and compares them to those factors that detract from or lessen stress. The writer concludes that ultimately the leadership of teams must concentrate on minimizing the catalysts of stress and infusing instead trust, certainty, and most important, ownership of both jobs and goals to the individual level of their teams if goals and objectives that require coordination and collaboration are to be achieved.

Outline:
Introduction
Team Factors That Contribute to Stress
Team Factors That Reduce Stress
Conclusion

From the Paper
"In addition to all these factors that significantly increase stress, there are the stressors that groups experience together when their collective roles and direction are not adequately defined. This inter-group conflict and confusion causes stress that permeates the entire group. The result often begins to pervade between groups as well often leading to intergroup stress, conflict and confusion as well. These stressors taken together lead to strategies on the part of both individuals and the groups themselves to minimize and eliminate risk altogether, leading to groups becoming paralysed in fear of doing anything. Resistance to change sets in and the groups are then more difficult than ever before to embrace change both at the individual and collective level which in turn influences the culture of organizations over time."

Tags:expectations, conflict, risk, uncertainty

Abstract
This essay discusses issues related to roles in nursing. The essay introduces the issue and discusses the author's personal beliefs of nursing as a profession and issues such as caring relations, attention to human experiences and integration of objective data with knowledge among other topics. The essay goes on to discuss elements of the metaparadigm of nursing and the specific roles a nursing professional fulfills.

Table of Contents:
Introduction
Nursing
Nursing Philosophy
Personal Beliefs of Nursing as a Profession
Caring Relationships
Attention to Human Experiences
Integration of Objective Data with Knowledge
Application of Scientific Knowledge
Advancement of Professional Nursing Knowledge
Influence on social and public policy to promote social justice
Personal values
Integrity
Respect
Consistent
Trust
Define metaparadigm of nursing
Person
Environment
Health
Nursing
Provider of care
Designer, manager, coordinator
Member of nursing profession
Continuing education
Community service
Participation in professional organization
Adhere to standards of practice (ANA)

From the Paper
"One of the most commonly held descriptions of nursing is that of a 'caring profession'. Within the nursing literature, there are numerous different descriptions and definitions given of the term 'caring', with numerous theories of the concept such as those of Watson, Leininger and Swanson. Morse and colleagues (1990, cited in Spichiger et al., 2005) conceptualize caring as a human trait, a moral ideal, an interpersonal relationship and a therapeutic intervention."

Abstract
This paper examines the role of the parent in the education of special education students, particularly in relation to the IEP. In addition, this paper examines ways in which parents can educate themselves on the IEP process and ways for special education coordinators to encourage the participation of parents. This paper argues that, with the parent's knowledge and insights, the IEP can be a successful way to plan, maintain, and surpass the education goals of special education students.

From the Paper
"While there are many persons involved in the IEP, and in the education of disabled students, including the teachers, students, school administers and related service workers, the parents of the student are one of the most important contributors (U.S. Department of Education, 2000). This paper will examine the role of the parent in the education of special education students, particularly in relation to the IEP. In addition, this paper will examine ways in which parents can educate themselves on the IEP process, and ways for special education coordinators to encourage the participation of parents. With the parent's knowledge and insights, the IEP can be a successful way to plan, maintain, and surpass the education goals of special education students."

Tags:unique, curriculum

Abstract
This paper compares the welfare programs under former President Johnson's "War on Poverty" to today's politically conservative approach to welfare programs. The paper contends that, while President Johnson's programs were committed to the maximum feasible participation of the poor, today's welfare policies have caused a narrowing rather than an expansion of the citizenship of the poor. The paper concludes by suggesting that the challenge for anti-poverty and labor activists now is to create a coordinated response that harnesses the progressive possibilities of the War on Poverty to contest the disenfranchisement and further impoverishment of poor mothers and their communities.

From the Paper
"For a short time, the War on Poverty expanded the local citizenship. Today, this differs from the disenfranchisement and urban disinvestment of today's policies. Commitment to maximum feasible participation of the poor has disappeared from the welfare policies of the 1980s and 1990s. Emphasis on community action and comprehensive, multiservice, community-based approaches to fighting poverty has receded from public discourse. So have calls for local community control over the assessment of community needs and the design and implementation of antipoverty programs. Contemporary welfare reform shifts control over funds for social support to the individual states, but it does not require or invite the active participation of community residents and welfare recipients in program design, resource allocation, and implementation. However, certain features that were prominent in the Community Action title of the Economic Opportunity Act have gained renewed popularity in the contemporary conservative political climate: namely, community service and decentralization."

Tags:economic, opportunity, act, policymaking, social, service, utilization, action, job, experience

Abstract
The paper interviews three school teachers and a Coordinator from the Home Instruction for Parents of Preschool Youngsters (HIPPY) program who all discuss how and why children in Canada come to school with varying levels of readiness. The paper explains the differences in family background and the impacts of socio-economic factors. The paper also discusses how parent education is necessary in order to emphasize that they are their children's first and most important teachers. Additinaooy, the paper notes that children can benefit from high quality preschool programs, which can help to compensate for the limitations of their family backgrounds.

Outline:
Introduction and Literature Review
Description of Participants and Procedures
Summary and Discussion of Interview Data

From the Paper
"There are many reasons for the differences in levels of school readiness. For example, it is important to bear in mind that family backgrounds vary enormously in Canada, as it is a multicultural country with an active immigration policy. This impacts crucial aspects of the family background. For example, more and more parents do not speak English; and some parents may be dealing with cultural dissonance and acculturation (King and Goodwin, 2002). Further, King and Goodwin (2002) point out that by 2020, 46% of the public school population will be children of colour. They also quote from parents who have difficulty communicating with teachers because they (the parents) do not speak English, or they do not think in English."

Tags:socio-economic, factors, family, background, parents