Abstract This paper explains that, as gear-manufacturing technology became more complex, it was more difficult to perform gear measurements with the degree of accuracy required; thus, precision in the field of gear-manufacturing began to suffer partly as a result of this declining precision. The author points out that the demands of total quality management systems, such as Six Sigma and ISO 9000, continue to raise the level of expectation to a defect-free manufacturing, which is being addressed by adding new multi-sensor units to coordinatemeasurementmachines. The paper relates that coordinatemeasuringmachines are not yet able to completely replace CNC generative gear testers, but demands from the automotive industry, new technologies and globalization are creating an environment where these machines will continue to improve in efficiency, precision and cost effectiveness.
Pictures.
Table of Contents
CMM Introduction
CMM History
The CMM Culture
Management Strategies
Advantages and Disadvantages
Conclusion
From the Paper "To understand how we got to where we are today, an understanding of CNC Generative Gear Testing Machines may help to clarify the improvements on Coordinate Measurement Machines. CNC generative gear testers are nothing more than computer controlled and fully automated machines that can used to carry out various analytic tests on manufactured gears. The true difference between coordinate measuring machines and the CNC Generative Gear Testing Machines is that the latter are specifically for testing gears. Of course, many in the industry feel that CNC generative gear testers are the most accurate way of measuring axis gears. Coordinate measuring machine offer different options. For instance, coordinate measuring machines have the ability to plot and record many more axis positions. Once recorded, these axis positions serve as the necessary data points to create either two or three dimensional models of a gear or part."
An examination of bimanual coordination and the suggestion that it is the result of a complex set of neurological events which can be enhanced under the proper learning conditions.
1,290 words (approx. 5.2 pages), 9 sources, 2001, $ 43.95
Abstract In this paper the author takes an in-depth look at bimanual coordination and assess the extent to which hands can move in a synchronous manner and, conversely, the extent to which they can be 'uncoupled' according to task demands. The author attempts to discover whether bimanual coordination is the product of learning or a physical process.
From the paper:
?Human movement is composed of a large number of components, which include neurons, muscles, and joints. Past studies on bimanual coordination have revealed a general preference to move the limbs in a symmetrical fashion, also denoted as in the in-phase mode. Its counterpart, the asymmetrical or anti-phase mode, is performed with lower degrees of accuracy and stability. This tendency to activate the homologous muscle groups is referred to as the muscle grouping constraint (egocentric constraint).?
Abstract A presentation and examination of a Charlie Chaplin Film 'Modern Time' and Robert Lynd's book called "Middletown" which describe the struggle against the dehumanization of the proletarian man by machine and the Industrial age. The author finds that the industrial age, while profitable from a financial standpoint for those who were in charge, dehumanized the proletarian man as well. The machine knocked him out of the running and sent him home to explain to his family that he was no longer able to provide.
From the Paper "The Industrial Age was one that moved mankind ahead in leaps and bounds. Within the few years of its explosion and growth the ability to use technology to speed up tasks and to get them done with precision allowed the world to concentrate on other expansions and needs. The Industrial Age was a boon to those who rode the top of the age to success, however, for many millions around the nation and the world the age actually set them back. The Industrial Age, while profitable form a financial standpoint for those who were in charge, it dehumanized the proletarian man as well. The machine knocked him out of the running and sent him home to explain to his family that he was no longer able to provide. There are two classic examples of what the Industrial Age did regarding the proletarian man. The movie by the late Charlie Chaplin called Modern Time (1956) and the book called Middletown by Robert Lynd both illustrate the ways the machine replaced the man. "
Abstract This paper examines how advances in micro miniaturization conceived in the electronics industry, have been applied to shrinking the size of components necessary to implement pressure transducers and how the application of this technology to other domains outside of the electronics industry has also become known as ?surface machining?. It considers how micro machining technology can be used to fabricate chemical instruments and even miniature chemical laboratories as well as many other uses such as solid-state pressure sensors and their application in those areas associated with in vivo blood-gas biosensors.
Outline
Background
State of the Art
Advantages to the Technology
Drawbacks to the Technology
Conclusions and Recommendations
From the Paper "Similarly, the idea of putting a conventional, general-purpose chemistry laboratory on a single silicon microelectronic device appears somewhat fictional. Regardless, the miniaturization of chemical and physical processes and their subsequent integration onto such a piece of silicon for specific scientific and/or clinical applications is today a definite reality (Freemantle, 1999, p. 27). The development of micro scale devices that are capable of processing and analyzing very small amounts of samples and reagents is gaining the serious interest of an increasingly large number of chemists, and could, potentially, revolutionize chemical analysis and synthesis methodologies in much the same way that microelectronic technology has turned upside down, the electronic and computer industry."
Abstract This short paper analyzes David Brock's recent novel, "The Republican Noise Machine". The paper discusses the influences which the Right has gained over the media in the United States, which allows them to give misinformation or biased news media to the mainstream American society.
From the Paper "Success for the Republican Noise Machine David Brock, a once conservative media journalist, changed his political views in 1998 to become a liberal. Now dedicated to exposing the media practices he once practiced, he has written two books concerning this topic, Blinded by the Right and The Republican Noise Machine, as well as an organization founded to research and correct current media misinformation called Media Matters for America. His The Republican Noise Machine details clearly the methods conservatives raised their opinions and political views through the media, via bias, false accusations, partisan news angles, and other misinformation. The origins of the Republican Noise Machine begin with the American conception of journalism and the media, that the media is factual and accurate, and that those reporting news do not allow their personal political agendas to seep out through their reporting."
Abstract This paper argues that Shakespeare wrote "Measure for Measure" as a complimentary tutorial for King James. In doing so, he portrays the current state of affairs in England and attempts to provide James with advice concerning the problems facing his kingdom.
From the Paper "Shakespeare's England at the time that Measure for Measure was written was in a state of internal conflict and discord. King James I came to power in 1603 and inherited a kingdom rife with a myriad of social and cultural problems, including corruption in the justice system, religious disputes and crises, and rampant sexual immorality. Shakespeare, the ?King's Playwright,? as Alvin Kernan dubs him, wrote Measure for Measure as a complimentary tutorial for King James. In doing so, he portrays the current state of affairs in England and attempts to provide James, as a ruler with Divine Right and responsibility to his country, with advice concerning the problems facing his kingdom."
Abstract The paper discusses the importance of machines designed to meet the needs of the humans they work for. The paper explains the concept of work measurement and shows how it applies to a machine or human being. The paper discusses how engineers can design a work system that is efficient and that meets the needs of the human counterparts in the best way possible. This is possible through the work measurement process.
Outline:
The Dynamics of Work Design
Work Systems
Work Measurement Motion-Time Studies
The Human Factor
From the Paper "Regardless of the technology involved every work environment represents a system. This system consists of many parts, all of which must function synchronously in order for the work to be accomplished. Every corporation is like an assembly line with different parts. All of the parts must work together to produce a product. This is easy to understand when one thinks of a manufacturer, such as an automobile manufacturer, or a computer manufacturer. However, other systems might not be so obvious such as a bank, or delivery service. These businesses still offer a product, even if that product is actually a service. In the case of a bank there are tellers, managers, people who service the ATM machines, and building maintenance people, all of whom work together to produce a product."
Abstract This paper explains what exactly a health unit coordinator does and why such a person is so vital to the successful running of a healthcare business. Referring to the book ?Health Unit Coordination? by Myrna la Fleur, the paper examines the following issues: (1) The history of health unit coordination, including addressing the changing needs over time and in different environments, (2) The non-clinical management required of health unit coordinators, (3) Practical considerations such as managing patient charts and transcribing doctors orders, (4) Basic procedures necessary for appropriate health coordination such as admissions/transfers/discharges, (5) Physical anatomy and illnesses, (6) lastly, specialty services such as the need for health unit coordination in pediatric facilities and psychiatric units.
From the Paper "When assessing health unit coordination and program management, it is essential that one understands the need of a health unit coordinator to be familiar with all of the factors listed above, including the history of healthcare care administration. Health program management has never been a static reality. The priorities for patients and physicians, care workers and visitors, or external customers, has changed drastically over time."
Abstract This paper explains that there is an extensive body of literature discussing the roles of the curriculum coordinator, but there is no consensus on what that role entails. The paper stresses the importance of role theory in issues of position definition. The author states that the proposed research will examine the perceptions of the role of curriculum coordinator held by teachers, principals, vice-principals and curriculum coordinators themselves and will test whether these perceptions differ in relation to the perceivers' position within their schools.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Role Theory: Theoretical and Historical Research
Applications of Role Theory to Organizations, Institutions and Educational Institutions
Application to Organizations/Institutions
Direct Application to Educational Institutions
Application of Role Theory to Role of Curriculum Coordinator Perceptions of the Role of Curriculum Coordinators Summary and Conclusions
From the Paper "In some of the earliest research on role theory in direct relation to educational institutions, Biddle (1961) applied the theory to the role of the public school teacher and the relationships between the teacher's role and the problems of teacher recruitment. Specifically, the study examined teacher differences in teacher roles as perceived by teachers, college education majors and college students in other fields. The assumption underlying the study was that occupational choice was most often made because of role concepts and expectations. Questionnaires were used to elicit respondents' views of positive norms, negative norms, and expectations for teacher behavior in a variety of settings and situations."
Abstract This paper analyzes and makes recommendations for those companies who are having their supply chains and logistics processes impacted by the ever-stricter security measures which are taking a heavy toll on their ability to respond from a manufacturing and services standpoint. Specifically, the paper looks at the synchronization of time-based strategies including the integration of enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems, the use of just-in-time (JIT) sourcing strategies, and the role of vendor managed inventory (VMI).
Introduction:
Alleviating Security Time lags with Synchronous Logistics
Supporting Business Cycles through Synchronized Supply Chains
Forecasting: The Critical Time-Based Supply Chain best Practice
VMI's role in Time-Based Supply Chain Strategies
From the Paper "When the first series of security measures went into place it was clear that there were many business cycles completely disconnected from and often running completely separately from their supply chains. The heightened security measures just exacerbated and made clear the need for a much higher level of synchronization, starting at the business cycle and emanating out to the specific supply chains and supply chain partners as well. As the time constraints began to become even more acute due to security measures slowing down shipments, there was a corresponding reduction in the sharing of information, which in turn leads to decision making also slowing down significantly. Figure 1 shows the impact of sequential decision making on supply chain and logistics response times, assuming a lack of synchronization across supply chain and logistics systems."
Abstract Discusses Classical Turing Machines. Their relationship to quantum computing and Quantum Turing Machines. Defines a Turing Machine, what it does and compares present day computing to the Turing Machine. Quantum computational approaches. Quantum mechanics. Major results associated with quantum computing. The Turing Machine as a theoretical model. Its use in science. Recursive functions.
From the Paper "Abstract
An overview is presented that investigates Classical Turing Machines and their relationship to quantum computing and Quantum Turing Machines. The examination begins by exploring the original work of Alonzo Church and Alan Turing, defining what is a Turing Machine, and discussing the differences between recursion and interation and how this relates to the overall debate on comparing present day digital computing to the Turing Machine.
Because the Turing Machine is a theoretical contrivance, it still has limitations placed upon it that can be generally overcome by considering quantum computational approaches. In order to understand quantum computing, one must first become familiar with the basics of quantum mechanics as they relate to this approach."
Abstract The business world will always strive to make processes more and more efficient. With efficiency comes greater productivity and profit. This desire to increase efficiency has translated to the process of the transcription of speech. The stenograph machine, sometimes referred to as a stenotype machine or machine shorthand, is one result of this pursuit of efficiency. This paper presents an overview of the history of the stenograph machine and stenography. In the light of technological advancements, the paper discusses the future of the stenograph machine.
From the Paper "A stenograph machine is a specialized keyboard that is used by stenographers as a method of writing shorthand. The average trained stenographer can type at speeds of approximately 225 words per minute, at a very high rate of accuracy. Truly skilled stenographers can even reach speeds of 300 words per minute, while maintaining accuracy ("Stenotype", 2004). The tools of the stenographer have progressed over the centuries. Originally, reporting included using the use of quill and parchment writing verbatim what was said. As mentioned, in an effort to increase productivity, as this process was tedious and inefficient, shorthand was developed. And, as technology progressed and the Industrial Era hit full stride, it was only a matter of time before machine shorthand became a possibility."
Abstract This paper discusses how the benefits from removing vending machines from New Jersey's schools has forced students to eat more nutritious snacks and drink less pop. It looks at how the removal of vending machines has brought many benefits to students compared to schools that still have vending machines.
Outline:
The Reasons for Removing Vending Machines from Public Schools
What Are the Benefits from Removing Vending Machines
From the Paper "In the past, many schools throughout the nation had several vending machines and pop machines. "Although the majority of schools offered some nutritious foods and beverages in these settings, the majority of schools also offered less nutritious choices" (Kann et al 2005, 370). Students are able to purchase canny, pop, and salty snacks such as potato chips. New Jersey is one of the states that required these vending machines to be removed from the schools. In the past, according to Martha Kubik, Leslie Lytle and Jayne Fulkerson, almost 75% of schools had a school lunch program (2004, 121). The problem is that though there are many options, many of the students eat from beverage and vending machines that adds to the weight and health problems of students. "
Abstract In "The Social History of the Machine Gun", John Ellis shows the awesome impact that machine guns have had on civilisation and society. The creators and initial users, of the machine gun believed that their creation would end all wars, since it instituted a form of mutually assured destruction. They also believed it would bring about a certain amount of order to society, since unruly people would be put under control by elites that had exclusionary access to machine guns. But this reality did not materialise. Greater weapons were ultimately made, and these also failed to end war, just as they came up short in bringing about social control.
Abstract This paper examines "The Age of Spiritual Machines", which presents a history of computers, looking at how past trends in computing have led to today's personal machines. It looks at how author Ray Kurzweil then goes beyond history to look towards the future and goes beyond familiar ground, making specific predictions regarding how ?spiritual machines? will blur the line between thinking humans and technological machines.
From the Paper "However, Kurzweil then moves on to make predictions of his own, and the fact that Kurzweil is specific with his predictions is one of the strengths of this interesting book. The author writes, for example, that by providing more intense and pleasurable sensations, virtual sex will soon be better than conventional sex. Digital prostitutes will service humans in a virtual environment, eliminating the risk of disease. Humans will soon have the ability to download their brains and minds into robots. This means that humans would be akin to software, and traditional ideas regarding life expectancy are no longer applicable. By 2100, Kurweil predicts that we will have machines that pray and worship, spiritual machines whose interactions will be virtually indistinguishable from those of humans."
