Abstract
This paper examines how the 1957 Sidney Lumet directed classic "12 Angry Men" is centered logistically and physically around an uncomfortably diverse set of men with a common goal of achieving a jury verdict in a murder trial. In particular, the paper discusses how the relationship which develops between the leadership impulses of Juror #8 (Henry Fonda) and the misplaced anger of Juror #3 (Lee J. Cobb) helps to demonstrate the ways in which group dynamics can ultimately help to yield otherwise unclear common ground.

From the Paper
"By contrast, Cobb plays, in Juror #3 is an uncertain and quick-to-anger member of the jury who seems at many points resistant to the idea that he is in dereliction of his duty by allowing personal prejudice to define his approach to the case. This dynamic is a strand of the crisis between the jurors, with #8 and #3 at odds over how the case should be addressed. We are assisted in understanding how such divergent players would gradually achieve consensus by secondary literature, which denotes that "threats to ethical decision making in crisis situations, requires a definition of an ethical decision (as opposed to an unethical decision)." (Christensen & Kohls, 332) In this case, it would be clear that through ignorance rather than intent, Juror #3 represented an obstruction to the ethical carriage of justice. It would require the efforts of Juror #8 to help establish a clearer definition thereof."

Tags:jury, verdict, murder, trial

Abstract
This paper explains that the bi-partisan "No Child Left Behind" (NCLB) act of 2001 was designed to correct the problems of demoralized underpaid teachers, of dilapidated and unaccountable schools and of students who had been failed by the system. The author points out that the problems with NCLB noted frequently by educators are a significant failure rate, funding, fair consideration and accountability. This paper stresses that the federal government, the local schools and other influential parties should cooperate to correct the problems of the NCLB program or this program will be relegated to the pile of programs, which never worked and cost billions of dollars.

Table of Contents
A Problem in the System
Problem Context
Significance of the Problem
Issue 1: Significant Failure Rate
Issue 2: Funding
Issue 3: Fair Consideration for Students
Issue 4: Accountability and Enforceability
Literature Review
Proposed Solution, Including Rationale and Benefits
Recommendation 1: Funding Improvements
Recommendation 2: ELL Student Provisions
Recommendation 3: Assessment Reforms
Recommendation 4: Modifying Rewards
Specific Recommendations for Action

From the Paper
"The NCLB act impacts national public schools and was designed to correct the failure of those schools to better serve the taxpayers that fund them. It is also targeted to help the neediest children because failure in the public schools affects a disproportionate number of minority and disadvantaged children which can doom them to poverty. Since literacy and academic scholarship are some of the most effective tools to escape poverty, allowing these students to remain at the mercy of failing schools was absolutely intolerable. Changes needed to be made that would assure students a chance at literacy and would provide them with the opportunity to compete against better performing schools. The bottom line was that the existing education system in many ways was simply broken and steps had to be taken to repair it. The action that was taken, NCLB, has resulted in several programs that reach into a number of areas that are sacrosanct to many in the current educational system."

Tags:ell, accountability, literacy, funding, cooperate

Abstract
This paper is about Zapatistan philosophy, which is based in the concept of revolution. The ideas originated in southwestern Mexico, seeking not to overthrow the government but focus it towards humanity and human rights. The writer outlines the Zapatistas aims to fight capitalism and globalization and their struggle for democracy and justice. The paper highlights that the Zapatistas are willing to cooperate with capitalism but seek to change its method of implementation. The writer concludes by arguing that the Zapatistas remain a thorn in the side of the Mexican government. They have arisen from one of the poorest regions in Mexico to be a formidable force for humanitarian and environmental concerns.

From the Paper
"The essence of Zapatista philosophy and action is the discovery of a new order of revolution. In the wake of failures of other socialist movements from Lenin to in Russia to the Sandinistas in Nicaragua, the small group of Mayan farmers in southwestern Mexico contend not only with reconstructing revolutionary tactics but also with the massive opposition from dominant governments, including those in Mexico and the United States. Governments that continually uphold the principles of capitalism will find in the Zapatistas an idealistic, hopeless cause of swimming against the tide of globalization."

Tags:mexico, capitalism, humanity, democracy, revolution

Abstract
This paper examines Germany after the end of the Second World War, answering the question of whether Germany would fall predominantly under Western or Soviet influence. It looks at how neither side trusted the other sufficiently to cooperate in constructing a German state which threatened neither of them. It analyzes the policy conflicts and the underlying events from the perspectives offered by different interpretations of them by traditional, realist, revisionist and neo-revisionist schools of thought.

Outline
Wartime Decisions of the Big Three on Germany
First Serious Disagreements (1945-1946)
Intensification of the Struggle (1947-1948)
Contributions of Revisionists and Neo-Revisionists
Conclusion

From the Paper
"Right after the Pearl Harbor attack, FDR assured British Prime Minister Winston Churchill that the United States gave first priority to defeating Germany (Powaski 50). By vetoing British plans for invasion through the Balkans, in favor of a cross-channel attack which could not be mounted until 1944, FDR effectively ensured, said Solsten, that the Red Army would occupy East Germany (76). At the same time, FDR was unwilling to discuss post-war plans until 1943 in part because of the traditional American aversion to spheres of influence and his belief that the Four Policemen (America, Britain, Russia and possibly China) could maintain world order under a system of collective security within the framework of a United Nations, a carryover of Wilsonian idealism. FDR placed great faith in his ability to win Stalin's trust and to obtain Soviet postwar cooperation."

Tags:fdr, churchill, potsdam, stalin, berlin

Abstract
This paper discusses how Freud's theories about the mind, repression and aggression, dreams and civilization are reflected in his work, "Civilization and Its Discontents", originally published in 1929-30. The paper shows that the central theme of Freud's work is that without repression of the instincts there would be no civilization. Freud describes how, as human-kind moves historically from cave man to modern times, in order for them to survive in groups and communities, they have to learn to cooperate with each other. The paper describes how this evolving cooperation offers humans securities needed for survival, but it also causes them to repress or bury inside themselves many natural tendencies. This repression creates a tension between the inner self, or the subconscious and the outer world. The paper explains how, in "Civilization and Its Discontents" Freud further develops his theory, demonstrating how the subconscious mind, with it's three divisions - id, ego and super-ego - is in continual conflict, or discontent, with civilized society.

From the Paper
"A main area of repression of instinct that causes one of the strongest conflicts with civilization is sex. According to Freud, man's main purpose in life is to seek happiness and the repression of his sexual instincts, as required by civilization, severely limits his opportunity to find pleasure and satisfaction in sexuality. Civilization demands that man not rush out in cave-man fashion to gratify his sexual instinct wherever and whenever the urge strikes. Rather, monogamous relationships established more for the purpose of propagating the race than for offering sexual pleasure are encouraged, and non-heterosexual urges are strongly discouraged (Freud 60-61)."

Tags:psychoanalysis, sexual, subconscious

Abstract
This paper examines how the human relations manager and human resources play a key role in the productivity of an office environment and how their role is one of quality control, as they guarantee that the efficiency of a work environment is not compromised by the inability of workers to co-operate. It discusses the theory put forward by Andrew Dubin in his book "Human Relations: Interpersonal Job Oriented Skills", that human resources functions are too expensive and that the key to successful human interaction is to be found in the psychological aspects of employees and social dynamics among employees. It describes how the book focuses a great deal of time on interpersonal skills training, as it is dedicated to improving interpersonal action in organizations.

From the Paper
"The role of the human relations manager is usually broader in corporations where employees are unionized: there human relations managers are seen as more vital in that they negotiate compensation with union leaders and serve as management's diplomatic team in dealing with the elected representatives of skilled laborers. Often managers responsible for working with small teams of union laborers in larger corporations lack the authority to change the nature of workers' positions because they lack the authority, or because contractual constraints restrict these workers' roles."

Tags:interpersonal, human, interaction, organizations

Abstract
This paper analyzes the Afghan's government agreement to cooperate with the U.S. government in capturing terrorists and outlines some of the loopholes in this agreement. The writer also offers suggestions for these loopholes.

From the Paper
"First of all, the strategy will not appeal to the Muslim world. Ever since the beginning, Laden's objective was to dispel the Western Union. Realizing Islamic fundamentalists as well as sentimentalist jihad's in the Asian region, Laden saw great potential for setting up his control center. Why he chose United States in particular because the nation represent Western culture. Its status among trade communities is highly influential. Laden wants to disperse the Western notion that they are greater then the Muslims. He found himself an ally in the form of Al-Queda, set up by Mullah ?. "

Tags:instructional, base, military, training, western, nations, Muslim, militia, Islamic, law, world, apparition, objective, bombing, Twin, Towers

Abstract
This paper examines the basic functions of the institutions of American government. The paper addresses among other things the formal responsibilities of the national governmental institutions, the development of each branch of government over the past 200 years, and how each branch of government specifically relates to and interacts with the other two branches. The presidency is also examined in terms of public perception. Lastly, the court system is analyzed with specific attention paid to the Supreme Court. Judicial review and the different ways justices perform this function of the Supreme Court are discussed in detail.

From the paper:

"With the birth of this nation the framers set up a government that they believed would be effective while completely preventing one person from possessing too much authority. Nonetheless, government under the Articles of Confederation showed the need for a relatively strong centralized government. Therefore, the framers established a separation of powers in the Constitution where three branches of government would split the power. Each branch has defined responsibilities and at the same time the branches cooperate in order to ensure the country runs smoothly."

Tags:congress, court, executive, fathers, founding, judicial, legislative, president, supreme

Abstract
The paper analyzes the concept of community policing and examines how effective the strategy of community policing has been. It studies the guidelines on which the concept of community policing is based - the concept has forced the police departments to develop a friendly relationship with the law-abiding people in the community and to cooperate with them in several security and crime prevention related issues. The paper studies the approaches through which the police personnel are trained to deal with a wide array of situations and a range of behavioral problems. Finally it examines the effectiveness of C.O.P in different societal settings and analyzes the use of some other approaches to policing in situations where the concept does not seem to work effectively.

From the Paper
"The roots of community based policing can be dated back to the era of Sir Robert Peel, who adopted the system for the London Police department and who is considered to be the father of the modern Police system. According to him, the police should consider itself as a part of the general public and the public should also held itself accountable for certain police related activities. Though the concept of community policing was introduced in that time but it didn t succeeded because of a number of reasons. The primary reason for its failure at that time was that the police department itself lost sight of the principles defined by Sir Robert Peel i.e. defining the relationship of police with the public."

Tags:neighborhood, prevention, protection, law, CompStat, Sir, Robert, Peel, Zimbardo, Broken, Window, Theory

Abstract
The benefits of the incident command system as a vital tool utilized by emergency service agencies. The paper describes how this system allows the various emergency units to cooperate with each other in times of need. It outlines the problems which can occur, and offers solutions to these issues.

From the Paper
"The incident command system that is utilized by fire services and other emergency service agencies is describes as "a standardized on-scene emergency management concept specifically designed to allows its users to adopt an integrated organizational structure equal to the complexity and demands of single or multiple incidents, without being hindered by jurisdictional boundaries" (NICI)."

Tags:police, medical, fire, disasters, communication, personnel, technical