Abstract
This essay will examine this radical metamorphosis in the representation of Asia and Asians in Canadian context. Through an ideological and mythological analysis, the historic racist representations of Asia/Asians in Canadian popular culture will be interrogated.

From the Paper
"California has had a tumultuous history of cultures and races clashing. First inhabited by Indians, California was then settled by the Mexicans and Spanish explorers followed by the Russians. And, with the discovery of gold in 1849, the state became the focus of a major migration from across the country and around the world. However, the "melting pot" effect was not a peaceful one, for with this in-migration began a long history of racial discrimination. The purpose of this paper will be to discuss the early Chinese immigrants in California, including their relation to gold mining, the railroads, agriculture and urban life. Further, the research will provide a detailed look at the prejudice and bigotry these settlers faced and how they gradually became accepted and Americanized.

Before gold was discovered, the Chinese had slowly trickled ... "

Abstract
This paper declares that, without the slaves in the South, the country could not have built the global economic ties that benefited citizens around the globe. The author points out that, just as the railroad benefited from 'coolie' labor, the Chinese benefited from their slave-like labor for the railroad. The paper concludes that, while no company wants to admit that they participate in a chain of human suffering and hire people at such small wages, if these products were assembled or picked by full-wage or American union workers, the results would be stagnated sectors of the economy, creating economic hardship for a much larger sector than the small numbers who work in the fields or in Asian shoe shops.

From the Paper
"In order to understand the necessary nature of these sweatshops, one must look at history and understand the utility basis of logical argumentation. Take the example of the Chinese Coolie labors working on the cross country railroad. Chinese men were immigrating to our nation during the 1850 and 1860 in large numbers. They were poor farmers because they did not understand the different agricultural products which would grow in the arid west, which would not grow in China. They needed to repay the coolie traders for their transport across the ocean."

Tags:coolie, slave, railroad, agriculture, union

Abstract
The paper looks at drug use in America before 1870 and explains how the Chinese immigrants brought over the practice of smoking opium to America. The paper discusses the banning of opium smoking in 1875, and uses this as an example to demonstrate how anti-drug legislation from the late 19th to early 20th centuries in America have been racially targeted towards minorities, both in origin and in intent.

Outline:
Introduction
Pre-1870 Drug Use in America
The Chinese Immigrants
Opium and the "Coolies"
The Opium Ordinance of 1875
The First American 'War on Drugs'
Racially Motivated Anti-Drug Legislation
Conclusion

From the Paper
"Before 1800, opium was readily available to the American public, where users numbered 250,000 in a population base of seventy-six million. Peddled as having "calming and soporific effects", it was frequently used in a wide variety of prescriptions, especially those concerning menstruation and menopause.
"Yet by the 1870s, California policymakers were reviewing the "moral" components of the "vice". It seemed that even though opium use was widespread throughout America regardless of race, politicians were targeting opium dens in Chinatown as "contaminants" to the otherwise Caucasian population. By 1975, San Francisco had banned opium use, with the California legislature following suit in 1881, although the latter law focused solely on opium dens."

Tags:opium, smoking, minorities, Chinese, immigrants