Abstract
This paper explains that the need to understand the relationship between G-forces and human physiology is greater now than at any previous time in the history of powered flight, since the phenomenon of G-force-induced pilot incapacitation was initially identified by the very first generation of military combat pilots during the First World War.

From the Paper
"Einstein demonstrated that linear acceleration and gravity are precisely equivalent forces. As a direct consequence of this principle, a 150-pound pilot with an eight-pound skull pulling 4 G's weighs (literally) 600 pounds and experiences his own head as weighing thirty-two pounds (Talleur, 2003). When one considers the importance of instantaneous 360-degree visibility, rapidly changing flight paths of multiple adversaries
in aerial combat maneuvers, and the necessity of quick hand and foot movements in the cockpit, the implications of G-force buildup are rather obvious. For the same reason,aircraft capable of producing high G-forces in departure from controlled flight have been equipped with explosive powered ejection seats, virtually since the dawn of the jet age
(Talleur, 2003)."

Tags:cockpit, aircraft, pilot, jet, ejection

Abstract
This paper discusses the basis of convergence in newspapers as overwhelmed by the massive competition that such a large database of free information creates in this marketing strategy. The paper discusses the effectiveness of this marketing tool of advertising and suggests reasons why it may not be as effective as desired.

From the Paper
"Mass Communications: Understanding the Marketing Strategy of Convergence in the Newspaper Industry In this mass communications study the marketing strategy of convergence will be analyzed within the scope of the modern newspaper industry. The growing information sources and efficiency of the Internet has been a marketing strategy for print newspaper companies that wish to find a broader audience base. The success of this approach has been varied in the manner in which newspapers market their articles and news sources. In essence, the extremely broad scope of information that is now available on the Internet is a problematic, yet marketable source for newspapers that wish to attract various readerships to their news articles and stories."

Tags:news, media, convergence

Abstract
This report relates the steps and results of an exploratory study social research project, which asked the question: "Will a significant short-term increase in work-related stress and workload affect the subjects' attitude to accepting change in the workplace when there are long term benefits to be enjoyed?" Next, the author reviews the sampling, data collection, survey questionnaires, data analysis and limits and constraints of this research. The paper concludes that, although more research is required, this pilot research suggests that employees are likely to support the short-term inconvenience of increased work-hours in order to reap long term benefits. Several tables and appendices are included in this paper.

Table of Contents:
Table of Contents
Sampling
Conducting Data Collection
Survey Questionnaires
Interviews
Focus Groups
Data Analysis
Limitations and Constraints
Findings and Implications of Study
Appendix A - Survey Questionnaire
Appendix B - Interview Questions
Appendix C - Focus Group Themes

From the Paper
"From analysing the responses to the survey question regarding employees' perceptions of whether their weekly workload would increase in the next 3 months and the question regarding whether they see the load window proposal as being beneficial to them over the next 3 years, it seems apparent in retrospect that employees may have had different understandings of the question. The question did not specifically focus on the type of benefit being asked about and it is possible that employees interpreted the question more openly than intended. The intention was to probe the participants' feelings regarding whether their overall workload would decrease together with a decrease in weekly work hours as a result of the implementation of the load window. However it seems possible and justifiable taking into consideration the wording of the question, that some employees understood the question to relate to whether the load window project would be beneficial to their professional standing in the organisation in more general terms. Those employees who are expected to work on this important project may have felt that they stood to gain benefits in terms of prestige and recognition and this may have skewed the answers to this question."

Tags:non-probability, online survey, dichotomous questions, focus group, gender

Abstract
In this article, the writer discusses the three varied economic views on globalization as they represent the core of the debate regarding globalization, as each camp stresses its take on the negative and or positive outcomes of the increasingly globalized economy. Convergence and divergence in many areas of the global economy are discussed. There is no question that the international economy is in transition, as global economy has become a dominant force in trade and business change. Convergence is yet to be seen in many areas of the market and the most lacking area is income convergence. The writer concludes that it is important to recognize the need for balance, as opening new markets can bring changes that are undesired and must be kept in check.

Table of Contents:
Summary
Abstract
Introduction
Labor Divergence/Convergence
Agriculture Divergence/Convergence
Voice Divergence/Convergence
Economic and Democratic Divergence/Convergence
Consumerism Divergence/Convergence
Import/Export Divergence/Convergence
Conclusion
References

From the Paper
"Within the rhetoric of globalization and the economic theory surrounding it is a sense that many experts believe and espouse that income convergence is a logical outcome of globalized markets. In other words that income disparities on and individual and national level will begin to converge, along with the development of convergence of economies in a more general sense, leaving an international economic system where most nations and individuals share in the positive economic impact of increased trade between nations. Yet, many other experts contest that globalization is not creating convergence but is instead creating divergence, or greater disparities between developed and least developed nations and therefore the peoples who reside within them. It is likely that the moderate economist would be able to find examples in the current global market where both are taking place, while those who believe in the early positive predictions of convergence stress that any divergence seen currently is simply a necessary but temporary evil. While those who observe divergence stress that there is simply no incentive for those who have to begin to share profits with those who have not and that the situation will likely get worse, with regard to income and voice divergence."

Tags:global, trade, incomes, profits

Abstract
In this article, the writer points out that when pilots become tired, they are more likely to make mistakes or even to fall asleep - both of which are unacceptable for anyone seeking to pilot an aircraft safely. This study examines how pilots are affected by fatigue in aviation and how this can lead to accidents. The research shows that pilot fatigue can be caused by some other, less readily identifiable, sources as well. To this end, the paper presents a review of the peer-reviewed, scholarly and popular literature concerning pilot fatigue followed by a summary of the research and important findings in the conclusion. The writer concludes that until the day comes when aircraft are completely autonomous and do not require human control, the issue of pilot fatigue will remain relevant and important to the flying public, pilots and policymakers alike. The paper
includes a figure and research log.

Outline:
Review and Discussion
Conclusion

From the Paper
"When many people think of becoming fatigued, the cause usually relates to simply becoming physically tired for whatever reason, but the research quickly shows that pilots are subjected to a wide range of conditions that are unique to the profession. For example, according to Garland and his colleagues, pilot experiences during World War II suggest that noise and even vibrations can contribute to pilot fatigue. Likewise, Ward points out that pilots during World War II could become fatigued because of the very nature of their jobs and the types of aircraft involved .. "

Tags:aircraft, safety, accidents, flying

Abstract
This paper discusses various aspects of pilot fatigue, the causes of such fatigue and the associated dangers. The paper also discusses aviation accidents where pilot fatigue was proved to have been the cause. The paper further discusses ways in which pilot fatigue can be avoided.

Outline:
Introduction
Accidents Associated With Fatigue
Causes and Results of Pilot Fatigue
Past, Present and Future Responses to Pilot Fatigue
Conclusion

From the Paper
"There are of coarse more recent examples that 1999 and as the attention of the aviation industry, the flying public and of coarse the media have become more attuned to these sorts of situations the accounts are more likely to list pilot fatigue as a major cause of an accident but ultimately the responsibility is often laid upon the individual flight crews as to their obvious inability to self advocate in situations where their physical and mental state is impaired by fatigue. The commercial industry often does not associate their own responsibility, regarding the over scheduling of pilots or the random and physically and mentally disruptive nature of changing time zones, sleep deprivation or limited downtime in a increasingly competitive and demanding environment where cost cutting is necessary and individuals are often lost in the shuffle of the schedule with longer lists of flights and generally lower cost flights that provide a lower return on the investment."

Tags:pressure, Crew, Resource, Management, crew-rest, breaks, melatonin

Abstract
This paper explores the significance of ethics in the airline industry, citing statistics about how perceived integrity affects leadership, organizational effectiveness, job satisfaction, employee turnover, and perceptions of equitability within airlines. The paper concentrates on the ethical role of pilots, which includes ensuring safe and ethical treatment of passengers. The paper explains that the pilot's ethical role is expanding in response to changing regulatory expectations that expose companies to intense levels of examination, heightened stakeholder sensitivity to and scrutiny of corporate behavior, and the severity of punishment by financial markets for corporate missteps. The paper concludes that despite the lack of standardized definitions of just what constitutes safety in the air, the individual airline companies must embrace a more strategic view of airline ethics if their cost structures are to remain competitive over the long term.

Outline:

Introduction
Airline Pilot's Use of Ethical Integrity
Brand Reputation and Risk Management Is a Pilot's Ethical Responsibility
Pilots Share No Common Definition of Reputation or Safety Risk
Growing Reliance in Airlines on Compliance Management Officers
Aligning an Airlines' Internal Ethics with External Environmental Factors
Summary

From the Paper
"Startling is the research finding that there is no single definition of safety risk in any of the ethical analyses completed of their airline industry, yet there is an abundance of research on Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) (Phillips, 2006) initiatives and programs. In conjunction with the lack of definition for safety risk, there is no consensus on a definition for reputation and broader ethics risk, but industry participants agree that it is broader than legal, compliance, and regulatory risk that arises from a lack of congruence between ethics standards each company espouses in their CSR initiatives. A common meaning of reputation risk would improve companies' ability to identify, assess, and mitigate risks that can potentially generate negative stakeholder reaction. The moment of truth however for many airlines are the decisions their pilots make in the cockpit in the midst of potentially dangerous situations, in addition to the screening they apply in conjunction with the TSA in boarding gates and areas."

Tags:aviation, flying, airplane, passenger

Abstract
This paper examines how becoming a pilot or navigator is one of the most competitive challenges anyone can pursue and how it requires early planning and excellence in math, science, health, and behavior. It explores the need for the military to select people with a specific personality, behavior, and skills and how, therefore, there is a need for selection programs. In particular, it attempts to evaluate whether there is a 'pilot personality' specified by the military that is supported by scientific data.

Outline
Introduction
History of Pilot Personality Studies
Military Pilot Personality Research Methods
Research Results / Findings
The Military Perspective
Conclusion

From the Paper
"The latest research concentrates on factors beyond cognitive ability and psychomotor skills and does not compare different groups of the population. These studies focus on military flying personnel and examine factors like motivational problems and anxiety. "Personality measures were chosen on the basis of anecdotal evidence and from clinical experience with operational pilots"(Siem, F. M., 1992). The five examined characteristics are divided in "socially desirable characteristics" like self-confidence, mental flexibility and "social undesirable characteristics" like hostility, depression and mania (Siem, F. M., 1992). This examination was accomplished with a paper-and-pencil test filled out by the candidates."

Tags:selection, programs, psychometric, fighter

Abstract
This paper examines how a critical issue in international and comparative human resource management (HRM) studies concerns the perception that ?globalisation? is creating convergence (or contingency) in business and industrial relations practices. It looks at how academic debate centres on the crucial argument of whether convergence is an increasing phenomenon, fuelled by globalisation, or, in reality, the opposite is true ? that national cultures and institutions are a unique force for perpetuating diversity and divergence. Consideration is given to contemporary sources that analyse the convergence-divergence debate in HRM and international management.

From the Paper
"The convergence perspective originated from the work of Kerr et al (1960), which stated that organisations? use of functional specialisation would increasingly create a convergent dynamic for business - leading to a common structuring of the workforce within and across countries, based on technological changes and work systems. Beardwell and Holden (2001) note the convergent similarities in car production plants worldwide, echoing the findings of Mueller and Purcell (1992), that see globalising forces as a key factor in converging operational and management processes. Ritzer (1998) also applies the convergent paradigm to his studies into fast-food businesses and society. "The McDonaldization Thesis" illustrates the way multinationals use and perpetuate convergence in order to homogenise working practices, business processes and human resource management for increased economies of scale and competitive advantage."

Tags:braverman, hofstede, ibm, mcdonaldization, resource, trompenaars

Abstract
This paper explains that the case study method has attained routine status as a viable method for doing education research especially for investigating topics not easily covered by other methods. The author stresses that the primary concern is that many sources should be used for gathering data because, in collecting case study data, the main idea is to establish converging lines of evidence. The paper presents details on issues relating to the conducting of qualitative and qualitative case studies. Examples of this type of research are incorporated into the paper.

Table of Contents:
Introduction
Theoretical Approach to Research Study and its methodologies
The Purpose of implementing a Case Study Approach
Yin's Approach to Case Study Research
Creswell's Approach to Research Design
George and Bennett Theory Development in Social Science
Conclusion

From the Paper
"The work of Creswell (1994) proposes that advantages exist for a researcher combining methods for gaining a better understanding of the phenomena or concept being tested or explored. Full interpretation is more likely when combining qualitative and quantitative research. The pilot study is important according to Creswell (1994) in that data from the pilot study may be used to enhance the validity of survey/questionnaires and assist in refining these for the study. According to Creswell (2003) qualitative research is exploratory in nature and used by researchers in examining topics in which the variables and theory base are not known."

Tags:convergence pilot exploratory elearning, focus groups