Abstract
This paper takes a look at advertisers, commercials and the effect and influence that they have on the young generation. According to the paper, children are the most vulnerable group of viewers, too young to be able to distinguish between right and wrong.

From the Paper
"It is also important to mention here that children are more attracted to commercials than older people. They are less likely to enjoy the actual program and may wait for commercials because the jingles, the colorful sequences and the fast action are some of the things that they find far more engrossing than regular programs. Thus they typically are more attraction to advertising (Alexander & Morrison, 1995). We must also understand that the fact that children love advertisements more is evident from the pace and style of some actual programs which appear like commercials to attract children attention. This was the main factor in the development of different kind of pace and style in children's program 'Sesame Street' (Lesser, 1974). Since children also watch television more often than viewers between the ages of 18-34, it means they are more likely to be influenced by what they watch. An average American child is likely to be exposed to 600,000 television commercials during their first 20 years (Black, 1997)."

Tags:violence, sex, aggression, parental, supervision, unhealthy, models

Abstract
During the past six decades, television advertising has changed considerably. Today, there are television commercials for a myriad of products, including drugs for virtually every health complaint, from headaches to erectile dysfunction. This paper shows that over the years, some television commercials have created concerns and stirred controversy. The paper looks at false advertising, commercials directed at children and teens, sex and medical advertisements.

From the Paper
"In 2005,it was reported that automakers are now developing marketing strategies to reach gay consumers, a large, often affluent and trend-setting demographic (LaReau 2005). According to General Motors market research data, gay Americans each have an average household income of nearly $65,000, compared to $45,000 of all U.S. households (LaReau 2005). In fact, during the past decade, gay television commercials have been popping up more and more on the airwaves (Is 2000). For example the Volkswagen ad that portrayed two trendy young males stopping curbside to pick up a discarded "kitschy old armchair," or the John Hancock Insurance commercial that featured a female couple adopting a baby (Is 2000)."

Tags:culture, broadcast, media, APA, viagra

Abstract
In recent years, legislation, such as the passage of the V-chip law, has made an attempt to address the problem of violence, sex, and overly obscene programs on television. This paper educates the reader in regards to the effects of television and commercial advertising. The paper allows the reader to decide on just how controversial advertising really is.

From the Paper
"A controversial issue is often raised towards the alcohol advertiser's intent or style of approach in regards to the target market that they are trying to reach. The biggest problem thatthe Alcohol Industry needs to address is the fact that many of the ads are linked to sex, power and success fantasies. This is where the going gets rough and where the censorship factors are showing their value. Alcohol use has never really put anybody high up on any success ladder. Do you yourself know of anybody that really made it to the top by drinking? Obviously it becomes a controversial issue."

Tags:high, jerry, life, litigation, miller, scandals, springer, television

Abstract
This paper explains that advertisers use outrageously risque advertising to get more attention, including the additional attention it might get when it has to be pulled from broadcasting. The author points out that the F.C.C. has developed rules to protect everyone from these controversial commercials; for example, commercials that are aired during programming for children are not allowed to exceed ten minutes per hour and obscene broadcasts are prohibited at all times. The paper relates that another problem is that advertising affects negatively the way adolescents view themselves because they feel they are not as pretty or as smart as the people depicted in the advertisements; therefore, children should be taught to be confident about who they are, not only on the outside, but more importantly, what is on the inside.

From the Paper
"Given the amount of money spent on advertising, it would be reasonable to think that the advertisers would what to make an advertisement that could be aired on TV. When are the most people going to watch TV and see these ads? Yep, you guessed it, the Super Bowl. The Super Bowl has more viewers than any other television program all year long. Advertisers pay an estimated $2.4 million for a 30-second spot during the game. Millions of people saw the Janet Jackson/Justin Timberlake 'wardrobe malfunction' in the Super Bowl halftime show in 2004. That is what has changed the pace for most of TV. Because so many people complained, the FCC had to get really strict. They fined CBS $550,000 for that 'malfunction'. It offended people mainly because their children were watching."

Tags:risque, fcc, money, prohibited, confident

Abstract
This paper examines how it is an undeniable fact that young children and adolescents and adults alike are being exposed today to what is known as blatant sexist advertising, in the form of the commercials that are aired on television and also through other media. It attempts to analyze the harm that such advertisements cause in the minds of these young children and how it impacts them in their behavioral patterns.

Outline:
Introduction
Thesis Statement
Discussion
Conclusion

From the Paper
"Today, it is an undeniable fact that advertising has increased in various forms, everywhere, and in direct proportion, controversial advertising has also increased, leading one to fear for the mental safety and health of the children of the nation, and others who can be easily influenced by external factors. Perhaps the reason for the increased advertising is that today, society has become more complex than it ever was, and has also, an increased awareness of the harmful effects of advertising certain products on general media, and also the need for advertisers to cut through the so called 'clutter' that other advertisers have created, in advertising their products."

Tags:commercials, media, stereotypes

Abstract
The paper investigates the reasons why Harriet Beecher Stowe's novel, "Uncle Tom's Cabin", was condemned by literary critics, yet embraced by the public. Some of the reasons explored include the issues of racism, politics, the controversial contents of the novel, the fact that a woman wrote it, and religious morals. Several pages are devoted to a debate about whether Uncle Tom's Cabin belongs in the tradition of realism or sentimentalism. The paper also discusses and explains the fact that it was received and critiqued differently in the North and the South.

From the Paper
"At the time of its publication in 1852 Uncle Tom's Cabin, by Harriet Beecher Stowe, received an enormous amount of attention -- both positive and negative. However, despite the negative criticism the book has received, Josephine Donovan, author of Uncle Tom's Cabin: Evil, Affliction, and Redemptive Love, states the novel "remains the world's all-time best-seller. In the first year alone it sold 300,000 copies in the United States and a million in England. As of 1976 it had been translated into fifty-eight languages . . . " (Donovan 11). Although these figures reflect high sales volume, the readership was even more extensive than implied, as it is estimated there were probably "ten readers to every purchaser" (Gossett 165)."

Tags:racism African-American Civil War censorship slavery realism

Abstract
This paper explores various themes of controversy surrounding the Olympic Games, including commercialization, technological performance enhancers, and doping. In the case of commercialization, the paper explains that since modern revival of the Olympics, organizers have found difficulty in collecting necessary funds, making commercialization into one of the most enduring controversies in Olympic history. The paper asserts that the Olympics will never be able to live up to the ideal of its creator, judging from its past record of controversy; it seems as though the possibility of a peaceful, fair and cooperative sporting event has been eclipsed by motivations of money, political agendas, and personal greed. The paper concludes that only if drastic changes are made by the International Olympic Committee, governments, and individuals, will the Olympics ever succeed in one of their primary goals to create a way of life based on the joy of effort, the educational value of good example, and respect for universal fundamental ethical principles.

From the Paper
"Performance enhancement has also tainted the purity of the Olympic Games. At the 1988 Seoul Olympics, Ben Johnson won the gold medal in world-record time of 9.79 seconds. Two days later, Canadian Olympic officials received a letter from the IOC stating that Johnson had failed his urine test. Later that day, a second test confirmed traces of the banned steroid stanozolol (CBC). According to Richard Pound, head of the World Anti-Doping Agency, "Antidoping is now the most important issue we face" (Saporito). WADA identified record 25 athletes using performance enhancing drugs at the Athens Olympics (Saporito). New substances are being introduced that attempt to give athletes the same edge without being detected."

Tags:commercialization, steroids, doping, sports, performance, enhancer

Abstract
This paper explains that one of the major aims of the European Union was the creation of a single market, amalgamating all the members of the European Union into a single entity, by defining a common commercial policy, reducing the economic difference between the rich and poor members of the European Union, and stabilizing the currencies of the E.U members. The author points out that the European Union, contributing 18% of the world's exports, is the world's largest exporter, which exceeds the United States and Japan, both of whom contribute 16% of the world's exports. The paper relates that there is controversy within the European Union pertaining to the difficulties that economically weaker countries face by the terms restricting the trade in services outside the European Union and the use of their more economical labor force to increase their trade outside the European Union.

From the Paper
"In addition, the framework of the World Trade Organization with its trade barrier regulations gives the facility to challenge any steps taken by the third world countries that run contrary to the spirit of the rules of balanced trade. The European Union has taken steps to make these measures more effective by reducing the time limit for taking such decisions and also reforming the decision making process in such a manner that makes it no longer possible for a few countries to stand against the will of the majority by blocking the implementation of retaliatory measures. Instruments for countering counterfeiting permit the stoppage of copied or pirated goods to be stopped at the border. In addition the European Union has made arrangements and negotiated agreements whereby the import of some sensitive items is restricted."

Tags:gatt, export, developed, stabilization, power

Abstract
The paper focuses on two highly controversial forms of advertising in order to understand how they affect us as consumers: advertising to children and the advertisement of pharmaceutical drugs. The paper explores the research and highlights the far-reaching implications of these issues for the health and wellbeing of consumers. The paper emphasizes how we live in a world in which we are constantly under the influence of forces that rarely have our best interests at heart.

From the Paper
"Advertising is as old a practice as selling and buying and even bartering. From the earliest days of a merchant or vendor calling out to announce his wares in the local markets to the pop-up ads and spam e-mails on the internet, we are all familiar with the practice. In fact, most of us rarely, if ever, question the legitimacy of advertising in general; nor do we question individual advertisers and their tactics as often as we probably should. With the rise of television, we are exposed to advertisements at an enormously high rate from a very young age. Advertisements today are clever and funny. People even watch the Super Bowl with the sole purpose of seeing the million dollar commercials that air that Sunday. But what kind of impact do these advertisements have on us, our preferences, and our view of the world?"

Tags:obesity, nutrition, television, drugs, doctors, medication

Abstract
This paper focuses on Boston's Big Dig Project, one of the most expensive and controversial highway projects in the United States. The paper explains that this large project rerouted the Central Artery (Interstate 93), the main highway running through Boston, into a 3.5 mile tunnel under the city, and included the construction of the Ted Williams Tunnel, the Leonard P. Zakim Bunker Hill Memorial Bridge, and the Rose Kennedy Greenway in the space vacated by the previous I-93 elevated roadway. The paper notes that the project resulted in commitments of over $7 billion in private investment, including 7700 housing units, 10 million square feet of commercial space and 2600 hotel rooms, supporting 43,000 more jobs in Boston. Finally, the paper refers to the study's conclusion, which indicates that it will take years before the full impact of the project on travelers, access, and the economy is fully measurable, but the results to date are very positive.

From the Paper
"The economic plan for the project called for improvement of the traffic flow in the Central City, better access to the underutilized South Boston Seaport area, and improved urban design and quality of life in areas that had been cut off or overshadowed by the elevated highway structure.
"The excavation, tunneling, and road and bridge project is as wide as an interstate highway, and was built through unstable landfill, nine railroad tracks, glass and steel office towers, and many fragile, older brick buildings. Above all, it was built without destroying historical buildings or disrupting the city's business."

Tags:Zakim, Greenway, tunnel, interstate, 93, construction