Abstract A written analysis of the case of "Gonzales vs. Oregon", which is currently being debated at the Supreme Court level. This case stems from the 1994 passage of the Death with Dignity Act, which allows terminally ill and mentally competent individuals to obtain drugs that could be utilized in the state of Oregon. The current debate questions administrative law and whether the former Attorney General John Ashcroft's interpretation of the Federal ControlSubstanceAct to outlaw these drugs is valid and if the Justice Department is overstepping its boundaries.
From the Paper "Oregon voters approved the legalization of physician assisted suicide (PAS) in November, 1994. After being legally challenged the Oregon PAS law became effective in the latter part of 1987. Since 1998 and through 2004 there have been a total of 208 PAS deaths in the State of Oregon. There are existing concerns with the legalization of physician-assisted suicide and there has been a great debate about the legality and morality of this practice. All levels of American society look harshly upon the thought of the use of drugs or other means to hasten the death of someone even though they may be in excruciating terminal pain however, healthcare modernization has changed the very "character of death and dying." (Pew Forum on Religion & Public Life, 2005) The case of Gonzales v. Oregon has arisen out of the debate which is one that is morally charged in nature as well as being the focus of lawsuits in relation to end-of-life decisions. However, this case has been subject to technical legalities and statutory interpretation."
Abstract The ban on marijuana in the United States began in 1937 with the passage of the Marijuana Tax Act and continued under the ControlledSubstancesAct of 1970. The latter delivered a huge blow to the medical field as marijuana was prohibited for medical usage. This paper argues that the legalization and decriminalization of marijuana will help the United States financially and medically, as well as help provide a cleaner environment and more efficient products.
From the Paper "Marijuana helps relieve nausea, vomiting and stimulate appetites for patients dealing with AIDS and cancer. A research at the Medical School at Harvard published research in the New England Journal of Medicine that cannabis is the most efficient anti-nausea medicine available (ctd. in Goddard). Marijuana has also been shown to help control both the spasticity associated with multiple sclerosis and spinal cord injuries, as well as seizures from seizure disorders."
Abstract This paper explains that assisted suicide is a complex moral and legal issue concerning procedures that expedite the deaths of patients by physicians. The paper cites the Oregon Death with Dignity Act, which is at the center of the debate among the advocates and enemies of assisted suicide. The paper also points out that, currently, strict restrictions exist that prevent any person from obtaining a prescription for the purpose of killing him or herself. The paper concludes that if a physician helps someone to die rather than to live, he is going against the very goals of medical science to sustain health and life.
From the Paper "However, by focusing completely on the physical aspects of the disease, the mental aspect has been overlooked. Anyone driven to suicide is neither mentally stable nor able to rationally assess his or her situation. More than likely, they are suffering from clinical depression due to their condition and need psychiatric help to bring them out of their depressed state back to a functional one. This condition, resulting from both a lack of moral support from fiends and family during this tough period as well as a inattentive physician, causes patients to often lose hope themselves when they assume that their doctor sees them as a lost cause."
This paper compares Texas and Washington criminal laws on controlledsubstances, driving under influence and possession of firearms by felons and aliens.
Abstract This paper compares the criminal codes of the states of Texas and Washington with regard to certain subjects. The first part discusses the laws relating to controlledsubstances. The second part looks at some criminal aspects of intoxication, particularly with regard to driving under the influence. The third part examines the laws concerning the possession of firearms by felons and aliens.
From the Paper "Texas has divided controlled substances into four Penalty Groups (Health and Safety, 481.102 - 481.105) The substances in Penalty Group 1 carry the heaviest penalties; those in Groups 3 and 4 carry the lightest penalties. The penalties themselves vary with the amount of the controlled substance found in the defendant's possession and the intent of the defendant (to manufacture and/or deliver or simply to possess). For example, an offense involving the manufacture or delivery of less than one gram of a Penalty Group 1 substance is a state jail felony; if the offense involves the manufacture or delivery of more than 400 grams, the offense is punishable by 15 years to life in prison ( 481.112)."
Looks at the New York State (NYS) Public Authority Accountability Act, which was created to counter corruption and mismanagement in public organizations.
Abstract This paper examines the New York State (NYS) Public Authority Accountability Act, the S-OX Rule 404, a related report by the NYS Comptroller and a report by the Attorney General and the State Isnpector General, requested by NYS Governor, which addressed the sale of certain land rights bordering the Erie Canal. The author explores the factors contributing to the passage of the NYS Public Authority Accountability Act, its intent , the ways this act addresses legislative concerns and its potential to succeed. The paper includes a synthesis of the NYS Public Authority Accountability Act's particular provisions. Figures are included with the paper.
Table of Contents:
Revealing Operations behind Closed Doors
The "Act" Itself
Specific Provisions of the Public Authority Reform Act SOX Rule 404
Rule 404 of the SEC
Opening Closed Doors of "Internal Control"
Discussion of Amendments Implementing Section 404
Acts in the Interest of the People of NYS
Senate Passes Legislation to Reform Public Authorities
The Value of Values
From the Paper "Internal control encompasses more than a company's accounting functions. A number of definitions of the term "internal control" primarily focus on "clarifying the portion of a company's internal control that an auditor should consider when planning and performing an audit of a company's financial statements." This, albeit, did not improve the level of understanding of "internal control", nor satisfactorily provide the guidance that auditors sought. In time, successive definitions followed and increased understanding."
Tags: components governance, erie canal, ethics, internal control
Abstract This paper explains that the No Child Left Behind Act, sponsored by President Bush, is arguably the most ambitious education-reform bill in the history of this country. The author points out that bill's main emphasis is improving scores in subsets of students, such as minorities and children who receive free or reduced-price lunches; if they do not pass the standardized tests, schools will face penalties, which range from offering extra tutoring time to yielding control of the school to the state. The paper concludes that supporters of the bill insist that in order to make its promises a reality, higher standards need to be enforced through increased testing and greater accountability for individual schools; whereas, the opponents argue that, after four years, little has changed and the act has left a bitter taste in the mouths of educator's nation-wide.
From the Paper "There is no doubt that there is a direct correlation between the atmosphere that a child is raised in and their scholarly achievements, but North Carolina Representative Martin Nesbitt seems to imply that even if a pupil were to do fine in all five factors which have been determined to affect educational development, including their family life, some students grades will not shine simply because they are not able to grasp certain concepts. It's not that they do not want to learn or are defiant, they simply learn at a slower pace. It's not that they watch too much television, or even that they face distracting circumstances at home, Nesbitt says, "some children have learning disabilities...you can't put a child who has a learning disability or other impediment in a class of 30 children and expect [him] to achieve at the level the other children achieve at." "
Tags: accountability, reform, standardized, environment, control
This paper addresses adolescent substance abuse from a scientific standpoint, delving into different theories of addiction, as well as some sociology of adolescence, in order to present the two different factors present in the formation of substance abuse
2,400 words (approx. 9.6 pages), 9 sources, 2002, $ 89.95
Abstract This paper addresses adolescent substance abuse from a scientific standpoint, delving into different theories of addiction, as well as some sociology of adolescence, in order to present the two different factors present in the formation of substance abuse habits in adolescence. These factors are embodied by the disease theory and the psychosocial theory of addiction, which are both explained in the essay.
Abstract This article looks at the subject of performance enhancing substances. The writer examines the effects and risks of using such substances. The writer discusses appropriate alternatives to these drugs, such as proper nutrition, hydration and vitamins. The writer also provides the option of working with a trainer in order to increase muscle mass, strength and stamina. In this paper, the writer looks at the wide use of such performance enhancing substances in sports and among athletes.
From the Paper "Trout and Kazlauskas have noted that Sport plays a major role in the lives of many people, both for active participation and as entertainment. Sport is now a huge nationally and internationally based industry. The desire to win has led some athletes to resort to the use of performance enhancing drugs. With huge financial rewards now available in some sports, the pressure to excel has grown. Some have argued that drug use should be given free rein ... "
Abstract A paper which examines and discusses all factors relating to gun control in America. The writer focuses on the issue of gun control as it pertains to the assassination of John F. Kennedy and the attempted assassination of Ronald Reagan.
From the Paper "The theory behind gun control is an honest one. Advocates of gun control believe that if the nation takes the guns away then crimes of violence will stop. This would be true of crimes of violence were only being committed against law abiding citizens(McCaffery, 2001). As the gun control laws begin to be implanted in carious states there are other states that are taking the opposite approach to the trouble. They believe that to arm their residents is to send a message to those who are potentially violent that it would not be a good idea in that state."
Abstract This paper explains that nurses facing substance abuse are impaired to the extent that they should be prohibited from further practice and contact with patients until they have sought treatment for their problem. The author points out that his policy ensures that patients are placed in the best possible situation for their own well-being. The paper relates that, although substance abuse is strongly prohibited amongst practicing nurses, it is an inevitable consequence of the stress that many professionals must endure.
From the Paper "In today's healthcare practices, there are tremendous pressures from a variety of sources that facilitate stress and anxiety amongst practicing nurses. This stress and anxiety from the work environment, coupled with potential problems in the home, may cause nurses to depend upon alternative means of coping with these stressors, including substance abuse. Although substance abuse is strongly prohibited amongst practicing nurses, it is an inevitable consequence of the stress that many professionals must endure. When substance abuse is suspected or identified, it is only appropriate to prohibit these individuals from continuing their practice because it will greatly impair their judgment any may cause detrimental problems for patient health and treatment. The following discussion will identify the primary reasons that support this argument, thereby discontinuing the practice of nurses that are impaired by substance abuse, regardless of the extent of their condition."
Abstract The paper evaluates a research article that was developed to understand the role of external intervention in the substance abuse of physicians in different specialties. The paper explains that for many physicians, job stress becomes too great to bear and therefore there is a greater likelihood of substance abuse, requiring support and intervention from external sources.
From the Paper "Today's medical experts often possess many serious issues of their own doing, which may interfere with their ability to practice medicine in an acceptable manner if these issues are ignored for any length of time. For physicians, the intense pressures of this highly stressful and demanding career often affect the ability to act professionally and to share knowledge with others in the field, which may ultimately compromise their patient's care and well being. Therefore, in some cases, when a substance abuse problem is detected in a practicing physician, it is necessary for them to seek professional support in order to better manage their problems through outside intervention, as well as to limit the interaction performed with patients in the process."
Abstract The paper addresses the failing and financially disastrous gun control legislation and act that has been present in Canada for the past decade. The writer focuses on three failed aspects of this legislation: that it is financially over-budget; that it is targeting the wrong individuals; and that it has not been understood or embraced by either federal or provincial governments and leadership. The writer further argues that a different system must be studied and implemented for Canada to have the proper gun control that it long has boasted.
From the Paper "In its attempt to control guns, mirroring attempts in much the same way as its neighbor to the south, Canada has largely failed. While there has long been a history of support for stricter gun control in Canada than in the United States, such efforts have usually proven successful, or at least not as outrageous as recent developments. And while these recent actions and plans have affected crime and violence in a somewhat successful manner, the reason that they have failed is threefold. The current system of gun control can be considered inadequate and appalling because it has been a financial disaster, it has regularly targeted the wrong individuals with its restrictions, and it has been enacted without the full knowledge and/or cooperation of both the national government and the provincial governments."
Abstract This paper discusses the implications of nurses who abuse drugs and alcohol, especially while on duty. First, the paper takes a historic look at this issue, citing past literature on this subject. Next, the causes of substance abuse among nurses is considered. Implications of substance abuse are explored, such as low-performance, financial risks and ethical, legal and security issues. The paper concludes with recommendations for modes of prevention, intervention and rehabilitation.
Outline:
Introduction: the Problem
Causative Factors
Relevance and Implications
Discussion
Recommendations and Conclusion
From the Paper "The importance and the seriousness of the issue of nurses and substance abuse were underlined by Sharon Rossi, a speaker at the American Association of Critical-Care convention in Orlando in 2004. Her subject was "Chemically Impaired Nurses" and she emphasized that various incidents relating to nurses and substance abuse made it "...imperative that administrators, managers and fellow nurses increase their knowledge about the problems that substance abuse in health care can cause and how to identify common signs seen in nurses who abuse drugs and/or alcohol." (AACN: Substance Abuse Among Nurses--It's Everybody's Problem) She referred in particular to an incident where a nurse had been found dead on duty due to a drug overdose. "
Abstract This paper explains why people seek such counseling, typical problems a counselor can encounter, and the root of nearly all substance abuse problems - the desire to escape, and what can be done to combat the patient's need to escape.
Abstract This paper addresses the sociological perspectives of the conflict theory, functionalist analysis and symbolic interactionalism with regard to substance abuse and domestic violence. The author describes the topic as a social problem that affects the quality of life. The paper suggests possible ways to remediate the problem.
