Abstract
In this article, the writer discusses that although morphine is used to potentially relieve pain caused by many inner and outer agents acting on the human body, it can also be a contraindication for various other health problems, including acute respiratory depression. Looking at the effects of morphine when used on patients with lung problems, one finds it to be a major contraindication and may further exacerbate the lung problem if used continuously. Therefore, the writer maintains that the respiratory depression could occur in anyone that uses this opiate drug, especially those who may already have a pre-existing condition that they may not know about already. The writer concludes that the contraindication of morphine regarding lung care shows that the downsides are indeed potentially harmful to the human body and should not be used.

From the Paper
"Since morphine is used as a pain killer, it is used in many cases of palliative care along in the processes of healing. All the cases are differentiated by where the cancer is affecting the body. In some cases, the use of morphine will simply take any sort of pain caused to the body by the cancerous growth away. In other cases it may lead to other set difficulties which can prolong the healing process and sometimes may even stop the process of healing all together. The treatment of many different lung cancers and diseases requires the use of morphine to ease the pains involved with having such problems."

Tags:lung, disease, respiratory, depression, breathing

Abstract
The paper discusses each of the eight drugs that were in Anna Nicole Smith's system at the time of her death, including Chloral Hydrate, the anti-anxiety drugs of Valium, Klonopin, and Ativan as well as Benadryl, Nordiazepam, Temazepam and Oxazepam. The paper explores these drugs' intended uses and doses, as well as their mechanism of actions and relevant side effects. The paper relates that the combined sedative effects on the CNS respiratory system of various drugs whose uses together are an absolute contraindication, lead to the death of Mrs. Smith.

From the Paper
"Anna Nicole Smith was found dead in her hotel room in Florida on February 8, 2007 due to what turned out to be, according to the official autopsy report, an accidental overdose referred to as "combined drug intoxication". Ms. Smith was found to have a total of 8 different drugs in her system at the time of her death, one of which was Chloral Hydrate, the drug that's toxic level ultimately lead to her untimely passing. The other 8 drugs were also present in her system, but according to the autopsy report, were only at therapeutic levels. Although drug concentrations at therapeutic levels may seem benign, they actually played a vital role in her overdosing via participation in drug-drug interactions with the Chloral Hydrate; in other words, had it not been for the other drugs in her system, the Chloral Hydrate wouldn't have been at a toxic level and Ms. Smith wouldn't have overdosed."

Tags:Chloral Hydrate Valium, Klonopin Ativan Benadryl Nordiazepam Temazepam Oxazepam

Abstract
This paper looks at the profile of a patient and his drug regimen and critiques the current therapy program and suggests an alternate therapy program for the patient. The paper points out the drug conflicts in the current therapy.

From the Paper
"Levofloxacin is contraindicated in patients taking warfarin. It also cannot be taken within two hours before or after antacids or mineral supplements, calcium, which inhibit its absorption. The patient is taking prilosec and taking Maalox for stomach acid which is too much. The Omeprazole should be continued only if excess stomach acid is a problem which is not indicated and the Maalox should be stopped. Maalox is contraindicated with Levofloxacin unless given hours before or hours after the antibiotic. The prilosec could..."

Tags:pharmacology, drug regimen, patient, therapy

Abstract
This paper explains that, although sports massage has been well accepted in European countries for a long time, sports massage based on traditional western medicine has been recognized in the U.S. only in the last decade. Next, the paper reviews the situations in which sports massage is appropriate. The paper outlines the progression of sessions for event massages and presents tips of which athletes should be aware.

Table of Contents:
History of Sports Massage
Western Medicine
Benefits
Indications and Contraindications
Recovery
Maintenance
Remedial and Rehabilitation

From the Paper
"There are times when sports massage could make a condition worse and therefore must not be used, this is called a contraindication. When an athlete has an injury that needs medical attention, acute trauma, muscle tears, tendon tears, contusions, broken bones, where there is swelling, or open wounds massage should not be applied. As well as all contraindications that apply to all massage, such as thrombosis, liver disease and heart disease. If an athlete is able to get a massage, there are plenty of benefits massage has to offer. "

Tags:event, recovery, strokes, contraindication, sessions

Abstract
This paper studies Elavil (amitriptyline-HCl), its history and uses. The paper notes common side effects of Elavil and discusses contraindications for its use. The paper also summarizes a study which correlates the clinical effects of correct doses of amitriptyline.

From the Paper
"Elavil (Amitriptyline-HCl) is one of a group of drugs known as tricyclic antidepressants, because of their chemical structure. The chemical formula for Elavil is ...."

Tags:Elavil, amitriptyline, tricyclic antidepressants, side effects, contraindications

Abstract
This paper covers the history of glucocorticoids, and provides some drug examples and their actions, uses and interactions. The paper then covers the side effects and adverse reactions, contraindications, route, administration, dosage and cautions associated with these prototype drugs. Finally, the paper addresses the nursing implications of glucocorticoids, client teaching opportunities, new advances, future trends and controversies surrounding its use.

Outline:
Historical Information and Background
Drug Examples, Actions, and Uses
Pharmacokinetics
Interactions with Drugs, Herbal Remedies and Food
Side/Adverse Effects & Contraindications
Route, Administration, Dosage and Cautions with Prototype Drugs
Nursing Implications
Client Teaching
New Advances, Future Trends and Controversies

From the Paper
"Glucocorticoids are also known as corticosteroids or steroids. They include a wide array of drugs that are related to corticosteroid hormones produced in the adrenal glands. The most abundant hormone produced by the adrenal glands is cortisol. "Cortisol and other glucocorticoids also have a potent anti-inflammatory effect on the body" (Kimball, 2005, para. 3). They are prescribed for many different inflammatory conditions that affect the digestive tract, eyes, skin, lungs, joints and other body systems. Common diseases that "frequently require treatment with glucocorticoids include asthma, inflammatory bowel disease, and some types of arthritis (Wei, MacDonald & Walker, 2004, p. 764). They are important in reducing inflammation and suppressing cell-mediated and humoral immunity."

Tags:steroids, inflammation, drugs, gluconeogenesis, glucose, asthma, arthritis

Abstract
This paper examines the standards set by the National Service Framework for coronary heart disease regarding emergency cardiac care for patients presenting to the accident and emergency system at a hospital. The paper explains that these standards place a priority on aggressive management and providing early thrombolysis and that this type of treatment is controversial because it is questionable whether, given the suggested timeline and the need to differentiate from non-cardiac causes of chest pain, an adequate history and physical can be performed to prevent the administration of thrombolytics in patients where they are contraindicated. To further examine this topic, the paper gives a clear definition of acute myocardial infarction, looks at how to diagnose a patient with acute chest pain, explores the history, indications, and contraindications of thrombolysis, and reviews a multidisciplinary approach to thrombolytic administration.

From the Paper
"The definitive diagnosis of AMI is best obtained by following a standard chest pain protocol. Most accident and emergency wards have these in place. It is standard to initially obtain a 12 lead electrocardiogram (ECG) and begin cardiac monitoring. Patient's routine laboratory studies include electrolytes, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), complete blood count (CBC) and markers for myocardial injury (Creatinine Kinase isoenzyme-myocardial (CK-MB) or troponin). Normal serial CK values rule out an acute infarction but are negative in the setting of acute unstable angina. A slight rise in CK-MB or troponin indicates myocardial injury but is not specific for ischemic syndromes. Troponin assay is highly sensitive for identifying acute coronary syndromes. Troponin has longer half life in the system than CK-MB but is less specific for the identification of infarction as opposed to repeated episodes of myocardial ischemia. As the total CK greater than two times the upper ranges of normal is indicative of infarction it can be used as an adjunct in diagnosis ischemia versus infarction and also in determining the relative efficacy of reperfusion. Serum troponin may take up to six hours to become diagnostically sensitive enough (Dougan, 2001)."

Tags:electrocardiogram, (ecg), monitoring, electrolytes, acute, infarction, unstable, angina

Abstract
The paper describes a 70-year old patient's medical issues and provides a table of the patients' drugs, including their routes, frequencies and durations. The paper then discusses the effects, side/adverse effects, contraindications and precautions associated with these medications as well as the patient's knowledge of health problems, compliance and willingness to self-administer medication. In addition, the paper discusses the patient's drug allergies, his reactions, his alcohol intake and smoking in addition to his use of herbal remedies, OTCs, street drugs and his storage of medication. Finally, the patient examines the dietary, economic, cultural and physical influences on his condition.

Outline:
Drug Names, Route, Frequency & Duration
Knowledge of Effects, Side/Adverse Effects, Contraindications and Precautions
Knowledge of Health Problems, Compliance, Willingness to Self-Administer Medication
Drug Allergies, Reactions, Alcohol Intake and Smoking
Use of Herbal Remedies, OTCs, Street Drugs, Storage of Medication
Dietary, Economic, Cultural and Physical Influences

From the Paper
"WH is a 70-year-old Caucasian male who has been previously diagnosed with both glaucoma and hardening of the arteries. According to WH, about 18 months ago, the doctor found that he had blockages of his renal arteries and a partial blockage of his femoral artery. He stated, "The doctor said I had hardening of the arteries and my kidneys were failing because of it."
"Fifteen months ago, he had three stents put in the renal arteries and about six months ago, he had a stent put in his right femoral artery. WH has noticed that his legs do not ache like they did prior to the surgery. "I used to have problems walking for a long distance, but now my legs and feet don't bother me." He states, "Before the surgery on my kidneys, my blood pressure was pretty high; but now, it seems to be better controlled since the doctor put me on all the blood pressure medicines." WH is mostly worried about his kidney function; however, he states that the doctors seem to think his kidney function is not worsening."

Tags:medications, side, effects, reactions, allergies, kidneys, arteries, eyes

Abstract
This paper explains that biomaterials are synthetic materials used to replace or restore damaged function. They should be biocompatible, non-toxic and non-carcinogenic. The paper reports that metals, polymers, ceramics and composites are the most commonly used biomaterials. The paper then details their use as synthetic orthopedic, dental and breast implants, in hernia repair, in gene therapy, to replace damaged organs, to enhance bone healing, to store and dispense multiple drug doses and multi-stage vaccines and other uses.

Table of Contents:
Biomaterials in Medical Use
Polymers
Shaped Bodies
The Ideal Materials
ATP Research Fund
PolyHap Implants for Damaged Faces
Polymer Chip
Anti-bacterial Implants
Breast Implants
Polyurethane-covered Implants
Benefits and Contraindications
Benefits
Contraindications
Implants for Malignant Gliomas
BCNU/Gliadel
Polymer Technology
Periodontium Regenerating System
The Invention's Specifics
The Future is Biodegradable
Hernia Device
Summary

From the Paper
"Periodontal disease affects up to 90% of the population and surgery has been the first choice of therapy. Surgery, however, does not restore lost periodontium. Restoration can happen if periodontal ligament cells can colonize root surfaces over gingival epithelial cells, gingival fibroblasts or osteoblasts. The application of microporous membranes under periodontal flaps during surgery eventually brought this effect about. A biodegradable membrane would make a follow-up surgery unnecessary and benefit both patient and surgeon from further health condition and cost."

Tags:biodegradable, replacements, coatings, degradable, periodontium

Abstract
This paper looks at how the administration of thrombolytics is the gold standard for the treatment of acute MI. Nurses involved in the management of patients having thrombolytic therapy must be aware of the indications and contraindications for early thrombolysis and must feel comfortable that the medication is being appropriately administered only after a careful history and physical is obtained. It discusses how there are many conjunctive medications, which will be used to support blood pressure and ventricular dysfunction in the setting of AMI, and how nurses must be very aware of chest pain diagnosis and management protocols, as well as the possible interactions of medications.

From the Paper
"Thrombolysis is considered the gold standard in the management of patients who are found to be truly experiencing acute myocardial infarction. But thrombolysis is a time-limited intervention and the medications are fraught with risks of their own. How can the managing nurse be assured that the medication will be appropriately administered to the patient who has been diagnosed acute myocardial infarction? What kind of management is then required to maintain the patient physiologically? What are the risks and benefits involved? These are all issues to be considered in any nurse who is caring for a patient receiving thrombolytic therapy."

Tags:nurse, ventricular, medications, blood, pressure, dysfunction