This paper discusses that Latin America, a hybrid culture of traditions and modernities on a heterogeneous continent, is being changed by the process of globalization.
Abstract This paper discusses that globalization in Latin America uses many methods to build an autonomous modern culture rather than traditional evolution from traditional cultures to modernity. This paper presents the primary role of information and communication technology in generating and promoting hybrid cultures, economic growth and new forms of political participation and community. The author points out that Latin America is among the fastest areas for growth for the internet which brings the rest of the globe to this continent.
From the Paper "Everyone, even skeptics, is amazed by the capabilities of this information access power. A single keyword can bring in many thousand sites on almost any field of concern ? food, travel, business, persons, entertainment, most anything. Web surfers can also choose the language of the material they are looking for. What used to be confidential communications can now be accessed, viewed and even downloaded. What does this magnificent voyage through cyberspace mean to Latin America? Everett begins with Francisco Sagasti's notion of a "global fractured order" in evaluating the implications of the internet on Latin America. Sagasti views the current age as characterized by a global but not integrated order. Through it, most people get in touch with one another, while simultaneously maintaining differences between groups of countries. Through it, a large portion of the world's population is separated and deprived of the benefits gained by scientific advances and technological progress. Everett states that information does not always insure progress, nor integration assure equality."
Tags: city, continent, evolution, growth, community
Abstract This paper answers five specific essay questions on the subject of Mark Mazower's book, "Dark Continent: Europe's Twentieth Century". This book concentrates on the fact that Europe was a place of absolute bloodshed and social decay until the later part of the Twentieth Century, and that the Second World War arose from not only the Nazi Party but also these factors.
An exploration of the myth of the lost continent, as portrayed in ancient Greek, Mayan and Tamil legends, in the context of modern scientific knowledge.
Abstract This paper discusses the origins of the lost continent myth in both western and eastern hemispheres. The writer explores the legend of Atlantis, as documented by Plato, the earlier Mayan legend of Mu, and the Tamil legend of Lemuria, all representing lands and civilizations which disappeared under an ocean, and provides an overview of theories that have attempted to account for the existence of such legends. However, none of these theories can be reconciled with the science of plate tectonics. The writer concludes that in the absence of tangible and dateable evidence there is no way to prove or disprove the existence of Atlantis.
From the Paper "One of the most persistent and pervasive legends about the world involves the concept of the Lost Continent. In these legends, and the name is essentially quite unimportant at this point, an island, part of a peninsula, or other land-mass of varying sizes depending upon the account, once existed above the surface of the ocean. The legends typically say that in ancient history, a civilization of people lived on that land-mass or "continent", they are generally perceived to pre-date written history and, in many accounts, were an "advanced" civilization producing works of art, music, philosophy, science above and beyond their time. At some point a catastrophic natural disaster occurred to the continent reducing it to rubble and either gradually or suddenly, it fell beneath the surface of the water never to be seen or heard from again."
Abstract This paper examines how Pan-Africanism is a philosophy or belief that African people have a common bond and share common objectives, aimed ultimately at unifying themselves on their own continent as a dignified race. It points out that the belief has pertained to all black Africans and their descendants in the African continent, including the non-Blacks, and later, those outside the continent. It explores their attempts at expressing a common African personality and coming together as a nation and as one race on their own continent, especially during the period between World War I and World War II.
Outline:
Introduction
Review of Literature
Method
Summary of Findings and Conclusion
From the Paper "This source describes Pan-Africanism as a socio-political viewpoint and movement for the unification and uplifting of all Africans within the African Continent and outside or those in African diaspora into one global community. It was first conceived of by Henry Sylvester Williams to cover Africans in the Continent and then later broadened to include those throughout the world. Pan-Africanism started in the West Indies, not Africa, and was coined by Williams for his 1900 Pan-African Congress. The leading and largest pan-African movement in the world is the UNIA-ACL organization, founded by Marcus Garvey, an Afro-Jamaican, in Kingston, Jamaica in 1912. His advocacy spread to the United States, specifically to Harlem, New York where he set up his headquarters in 1914. It re-examines African history from a pro-African perspective rather than from a pro-European's and restores traditional African concepts and culture. Other pan-African organizations are Garvey's Universal Negro Improvement Association-African Communities League, Trans-Africa and the Internal Peoples Democratic Uhuru Movement. It is, however, criticized for ignoring or downplaying cultural and ethnic differences and socio-political circumstances among Black peoples worldwide."
Abstract This paper discusses and analyzes the geographical features of the European continent. The paper discusses the size of the continent, its principal mountain ranges and its population. The paper also discusses the European Union (EU), its economy and the languages of Europe.
From the Paper "As a continent, Europe includes both a central landmass and islands. The central landmass of Europe stretches from the northern most areas of Norway and Finland to the southernmost areas of Spain and Greece. The central landmass also stretches from the western most area of Portugal to the east where the Ural Mountains divide European Russia from Asian Russia. The central landmass also includes European Turkey, an area on the northern edge of the Bosporus, that connects the Mediterranean Sea and..."
Abstract This paper provides a thorough definition of NAFTA and proceeds to examine the impact that this agreement has had on the United States. It deals with personal issues such as claims of heightened unemployment as well as national issues such as tax benefits and improved trade.
From the paper:
"On January 1, 1994, the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) was implement between Canada, Mexico, and the United States. This treaty drops most tariffs by 50% immediately, and dropped to zero by 2009. It is a unique trading agreement between two developed countries and a developing nation on a single continent. After eight years since NAFTA commenced, there are mixed analysis and opinions on whether this treaty is a success. It was designed to provide a free-flow of goods between countries without imputative measures and tariffs being enforced; it was promoted as a means to improve productivity and create jobs in the three countries; and, it was touted as model for further free-trade blocs to be created in the Americas and in other regional markets. After eights, no other free-trade blocs exists, nor has any other free-trade treaties been pursued and/or implemented by the NAFTA partners; and, with a world in a recession, there are two points of views on whether NAFTA has been more damaging than good during at this time, or if NAFTA has prevented further harm through its free-flow of goods."
Abstract This is an essay paper based on "Dark Continent: Europe's Twentieth Century" by Mazower in which specific textual questions are answered on the basis of the book itself.
Abstract A study will be made to assess what is being done about this AIDS and how it is being taken care of in the spectrum of its massive outbreaks over the years. These important topics will be covered in evaluating the current and past situations that have arisen due to this fatal disease on the African continent.
Abstract This paper will discuss woman's rights in the African continent and how they are being violated. Different countries will be explored in how and what goes on with women in this forum. The reasons why these abuses occur will also be included in this paper.
Abstract This paper looks at the history of the land that lies beneath Staten Island, which was created over several hundred million years via the recurrent disintegration and smashing of continents. It then looks at the current geography and demography of the area, including population trends of the area.
From the Paper "Around 500 million years ago, there was nothing called the Staten Island. What had in existence had been the continental chunks and some ocean basins. One of these continental chunks was ancient North America, which was named Laurentia. At this particular juncture in the history of the globe Laurentia was situated at the equator. Other chief continental chunks that found existence at the juncture are Baltica ? ancient Europe, Gondwanaland consisting of the ancient Africa, South America, Australia, Antarctica, and India, chunks of Asia, and a few micro continents. At the time of the previous 500 million years these continental chunks drifted around to their current geographic positions. (The Geology of Staten Island)."
An analysis of the themes of culture and society in Bob Bryson's "The Lost Continent: Travels in Small-Town America" and H.G. Wells's "The Country of the Blind".
Abstract This paper examines how living in a small community means knowing your neighbors, their history, and all the aspects of their lives. In particular, it looks at how there has always been a division of 'they' and 'we' within the cultural determinants of society. It shows how, in Bryson's "Lost Continent", he becomes the "other" in a world where acceptance is based on being a small town resident. It also examines how, in the short story, "The Country of the Blind", by H.G. Wells, difference is also what defines the relationship between a group and an individual.
From the Paper "As Bryson characterizes it: "It was inconceivable that a nation so firmly attached to small-town ideals, so dedicated in its fantasies to small-town notions, could not have somewhere built one perfect place--a place of harmony and industry, a place without shopping malls and oceanic parking lots, without factories and drive-in churches, without Kwick-Kraps and Jiffi-Shits and commercial squalor from one end to the other" (39). This is the place Bryson names "Amalgam." It is a combination, amalgamation of the attributes of small town perfection. It is too cute and wonderful to be real. Like Sun Valley, Idaho (and the western movie set), it has built a facade of what is believed to be the epitome of what it is supposed to be. It is too real to be true; too innocent to harbor the sin and corruption or, at least, too lost to discriminate between what is and isn?t a part of the observable culture."
Abstract This paper explains that plate tectonics is one of the most important discoveries in science and geology because it explains why the continents share many similarities, which could not be explained if they had always existed apart and it explains why, even today, the surface of the earth is constantly shifting, rearranging and moving. The author points out that an important discovery, which ultimately led scientists to believe the theory of plate tectonics was correct, was the discovery of seafloor spreading. The paper relates that plate tectonics and the continual shifting it produces can create many changes in the surface of the earth from weather to earthquakes and volcanic eruptions.
From the Paper "Several theories of geologic process and scientific discovery helped lead to the discovery of plate tectonics in the 1920s, and the theory was generally accepted by the 1950s. The plate tectonic theory evolved from earlier theories, beginning with continental drift. The first time continental drift was mentioned was in 1908, by an American named Frank Bursey Taylor. However, the theory really did not gain acceptance until 1912 when German meteorologist and geophysicist Alfred Wegener detailed the theory and gave it more basis in fact. The continental drift theory believes that between 275 and 175 million years ago, all the continents were joined together in one land mass. Later, this massive continent broke apart into two gigantic landmasses in the north and south, those continents further divided about 100 million years ago into more currently recognizable shapes, and they began to drift apart during this time, too."
Abstract In his book ,"The Lost Continent: The Story of Atlantis," C.J. Cutcliffe Hyne presents a fantastic world where mammoths and dinosaurs roam free alongside ancient Atlantians, whose empire stretches from Egypt's Nile Valley to Mexico's Yucatan Peninsula. This paper discusses the story and summarizes the plot.
From the Paper "Nais secretly gives Deucelion shelter among the rebels. Shortly after he awakes, Zaemon comes to speak to the rebels. They tell him that they no longer wish to be ruled by priests or tyrants, that they are their own rulers. However, Zaemon tells them that the gods have punished them for this sort of hubris. According to him, it is because the people of Atlantis no longer venerated the gods that Phorenice rose to power and now tormented them. Soon, the crowd realizes that Deucelion is a stranger among them and take him for a spy."
Abstract This paper attempts to prove that indeed there was (or is) an eighth continent and discusses how expeditions and new underwater search equipment should be utilized to prove that the theories are accurate.
From the Paper "Of course, Berlitz and Hapgood are not the only ones who believe there actually is an Atlantis, this eighth continent somehow lost under the seas. While Hapgood claims that the maps clearly indicate the southern Atlantic as the location, other theories abound. For example, on the internet, one can find a theory from a Russian, Viatchislav Koudriavtsev, who claims that there is an Atlantis, but that it is not located where most people think it is, but that is actual location is on what is now known as the Celtic shelf, north of the British Isles. There is also an Atlantis web site which claims that Atlantis was lost during the flood, exactly 11,600 years ago. This web site claims that Atlantis is really under the South China sea."
Abstract African nationalism has played a significant role in the resistance against foreign domination and has been a major influence in the lives of Africans throughout much of the continent. This paper looks at how African nationalism is often defined as the political movement that called for African unity in the struggle for self-determination against colonial regimes. Its general history is summarized in this paper.
From the Paper "Mills (n.d) provides a description of how African nationalist groups were formed during the years prior to resistance. He explains that African Initiated Churches (AIC's) were prominent groups that staged resistance some 10-20 years prior to the formation of actual nationalist groups. AIC's came into existence throughout Africa beginning in the 1890's and were initially in response to African concerns on the domination by whites over church finances and offices."
