Abstract
As most students are well-aware, architecture is the art and science of designing and constructing buildings and other physical structures. Unfortunately, too few architects, it seems, are able to find a balance between the practical science of building structures and the aesthetics of crafting art on a large-scale. As a result, the majority of architects in the present age exhibit too much imagination but too little practicality or too little vision - and end up producing buildings that are dull and uninspiring. With that in mind, the next few pages will look at two well-established architects who both try, but fail, to seamlessly integrate the aesthetic and the practical (the "science" of architecture) and who both fail - one (Thom Mayne) more so than the other - to incorporate the natural environment into their work. In the end, finding that perfect symmetry has mostly eluded contemporary architects.

From the Paper
"As most students are well-aware, architecture is the art and science of designing and constructing buildings and other physical structures. Unfortunately, too few architects, it seems, are able to find a balance between the practical science of building structures and the aesthetics of crafting art on a large-scale. As a result, the majority of architects in the present age exhibit too much imagination but too little practicality or too little vision - and end up producing buildings that are dull and uninspiring. With that in mind, the next few pages will look at two well-established architects who both try, but fail, to seamlessly..."

Tags:contemporary, architecture, balance

Abstract
This paper explores the socially marginal individuals in Japanese society, through the research by Tom Gill. It examines how Japanese day workers challenge our western assumption of the homogeneous Japanese culture and social structures. The paper illustrates Gill's intensive study of ethnography of the day laborers, including factors such as their martial status, and age.

From the Paper
"What occurs when individuals are excluded and socially ostracized from an essentially community-focused society? This is the central research question that drives the perspective of the book authored by Tom Gill, entitled Men of Uncertainty; The Social Organization of Day Laborers in Contemporary Japan. The book uses the specific example of day laborers in contemporary Japanese society to challenge some of the assumptions of homogeneity many Westerners bring to larger Japanese culture and social structures, as well as to simply highlight aspects of the difficulties individuals experience when they live at the margins of any particular culture. Gill's relatively narrow social focus is thus developed, through historical study and fieldwork, to challenge a larger set of expectations often held by Westerners. The existence of day laborers, for example, challenges the notion that Japanese society is homogeneous yet inclusive. Both ordinary Japanese individuals who deny the existence of day laborers in their midst as well as Westerners observing Japan from afar often hold such expectations."

Tags:social, homogeneity, western, social, structures, marginal, tokyo, homeless

Abstract
This paper explains that both American poets, Natasha Trethewey in "Native Guard" and Marilyn Nelson in "A Wreath for Emmett Till", tackle aspects of the American history of racial intolerance. Their interconnected poems are united by common themes and structures as well as their enclosure within the covers of a single volume. They pay their respect to seismic historical events in American history, which are of personal significance to the poets. The paper then points out that Nelson's book is a text of anger at present and past racism; however, Trethewey's gentler volume is a homage to her family and to anonymous soldiers. The paper reviews the content and structure of both sets of poems.

From the Paper
"The voice of the lost, nameless (unlike Till) soldier becomes a poetic voice of memory, in short he becomes like Trethewey herself as this modern woman takes on the voice of the memory of fallen men and also the Black woman and a White man who gave her life and raised her even when their marriage was illegal and it was still technically illegal in 1966 Mississippi to have a mixed marriage. Like the South still remembers the Civil War and the Confederacy, Trethewey tries to remember--but with a difference."

Tags:wreath, homage, ghosts, sonnet, racism

Abstract
The paper relates that contemporary organizational theories have shifted the focus of control from the organizational structure itself to the value and contribution of the individual. The paper explains this to mean that today's theories have changed from being essentially hierarchical, rigid and lacking agility. The paper shows how theories today take a more integrated approach to responding to customers and the broader market influences.

Outline:
Introduction
Organizational Theories' Evolutionary Pattern of Growth
The Future of Organizational Theories' Evolution
Conclusion

From the Paper
"In analyzing how contemporary organization theories are a product of an evolutionary process, the progression of theories can't be viewed in isolation, they must be seen as influenced by the broader demographic, economic, sociological and more immediate knowledge management and managerial trends within organizations. The progression of top-down organizational structures that were heavily influenced by both the military chain-of-command concepts (Mutch, pp. 751 - 769) and the bureaucratic approach to management have dramatically changed as organizational theories have transitioned over the last century. From theories that were centered purely on the creation of closed-loop systems that had as their catalyst military chains of command to the more contemporary theories today that stress agility and responsiveness, organizational theories have gone through significant change over the last century."

Tags:agility, responsiveness, military, chain-of-command, management, knowledge

Abstract
In this article the writer examines the influence the mass media exerts on the individual's perception of the world. This is done from the standpoint of social constructionism, a theory heavily influenced by Postmodernist thought. The paper posits that language is our basis for interpreting the world and because language is the product of a social process, the 'reality' we perceive is nothing more than a collective construct. Consequently, the writer maintains that whoever controls the transmission of language and the ideas and information it conveys shapes reality. Today much of this transmission is done by the mass media. The writer concludes that today the role of the mass media and the educational system in socialization is growing as the traditional family structure so instrumental in this process for thousands of years wanes.

From the Paper
"Whenever we read, listen or watch one of the mass media, in other words, we become part of somebody else's agenda, a means to some outside entity's ends. So, at a profound level, we should be continuingly asking ourselves: do we do so willingly or unwittingly? Yet it is a question many rarely pose and fewer answer. Are we too busy, too complascent, or too indifferent to? Or are we simply too trusting? The aura of autheticity surrounding what we read, hear and see in the mass media may very well be lulling us into an uncritical acceptance of the messages imparted."

Tags:social, constructionism, transmission, processes

Abstract
This paper underscores that the idea that women must be inferior to men, which today permeates every level of African society, is not necessarily African traditional patriarchal values but rather a recent social construction of the instability of present-day African society. The author points out that, in the past, women had a clear, powerful social place not dominated by the males because the fundamental unit of African society was the family. The paper stresses that Africa must return to a truly equitable family structure, where both parents retain authority and responsibility for raising children. The author lists that this can be achieved by (1) women not marrying when they are still children themselves, (2) greater education and access to birth control and methods of family planning , (3) fostering African women's powerful networks and (4) changing Africa culturally and politically.

From the Paper
"Many African countries are still ruled by informal patriarchal norms governing women's place in sexual relationships. In some societies, women are unable to choose their sexual partners or husbands, rather these choices are made for them by their families. In the case of rape, female bodies are used as a tool of political insurgency, as demonstrations of the opposition's strength and will. In situations where men have the predominant social, political, and economic power, a woman is unlikely to be able to insist on the use of condoms, or to take measures to protect herself from HIV."

Tags:hiv, colonial, family, men, networks

Abstract
This paper examines traditional (married) and non-traditional family structures within contemporary America. There is an emphasis on how the political system in power at the current time protests ANY form of family structure save two-person heterosexual marriage.

Abstract
This paper explores how how two contemporary Irish female writers, Eilis Ni Dhuibhne and Mary Dorcey, in two structurally and stylistically different short stories, "Midwife to the Fairies" and "The Husband" (respectively), challenge the Irish sensibilities regarding the continued subjugation of women and repression of female sexuality through ignorance and intolerance. The paper then discusses the strengths and weaknesses of each approach, and proposes which is more effective, critically.

From the Paper
"Her self-centeredness, however, is far outweighed by her passivity in the face of a crisis and a tragedy waiting to happen. She first is shown to be passive in her decision to become a midwife: "My mother did it before me and her mother before her" (33). Mary shows herself to do what is traditional to do--she doesn't challenge the status quo. But her passivity has more grievous consequences when she chooses not to act and save a baby girl after delivering her into bleak circumstances."

Tags:patriarchal, infanticide, lesbianism, sexuality, ignorance, intolerance

Abstract
Sociological theory focuses on the relationship between social life and society. The social issues of any society are made visible. Sociological theory works in any society. Clashes of ideology, social control, who has power and who does not, gender, socio-economic issues are all social issues that are explored in Sociological theory. Ideologies like capitalism, communism, fascism, dictatorship and socialism are all related to the social class structure in societies that are theorized about by sociologists worldwide. Any two ideologies attempting to coincide within a society creates social conflict.

From the Paper
Contemporary Sociological Theory Sociology is the study of all types of societies, their changes and the effects human behaviors have on the society and its changes. Human behavior is shaped by society and vise versa. The function or role of a sociologist is to investigate the groups, organizations within a society. The way people interact as individuals and within organizations and groups alter the ebb and flow of a society (Ritzer and Goodman). Human behavior is shaped by the society we live in making the subject of sociology range from the intimacies of the family, to hostility in groups, effects of crime and religion, race, gender and class and any other social

Tags:dahrendorf, marx, utopia

Abstract
This paper offers a detailed examination of the concept of Karma in Indian society. The paper explains that Karma means work or some type of activity that is commonly associated with work, actions, or functions related to everyday activities. Karma is most often characterized as being a right or a wrong action or good or bad in nature (Bhatt 34). The social, political and economic considerations in India relative to Karma and the caste system centre on the fact that individuals are placed within the caste structure by Karma as well as by birth as mentioned in certain texts.

Tags:Hindu, Zoroastrianism, Christian, mysticism