Abstract
This paper summarizes a DHHS study on the impact of lead-contaminated soil on public health. It also looks at different methods of assessing lead contamination in soil which could have been used in this project, and their sensitivity and specificity.

From the Paper
"A study reported by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS) summarized the complex interactive forces considered by health scientists and environmentalists when evaluating the impact of lead-contaminated soils on public health. It looked at the relationship between exposure to lead contaminated soil and its impact on public health. The study showed that soil and dust contaminated with lead are major pathways by which children come in contact with lead from..."

Tags:lead contamination, soil testing, DHHS

Abstract
An 8-page paper examining contaminated drinking water in its western and Third World implications. How economic factors aggravate the problem and affect the ability to find solutions.

Abstract
In this article, the writer discusses that lead is a serious environmental health issue. The writer points out that at exceptionally low concentrations-as low as 0.015 ppm-lead has been known to causes significant damage to health, especially among the very young. It is the hypothesis of this discussion that lead contamination of drinking water represents a persistent and realistic threat to human health. Moreover, the writer maintains that it is a health issue that will actually be quite prevalent in the developed world, perhaps even more so than in the developing world.

From the Paper
"Infants and children to age 6 are susceptible to delays in physical and mental development as well as deficits in attention span and learning ability. Adults contend with issues such as kidney problems and elevated blood pressure (Lead in drinking water, n.d.). Lead contamination in the drinking water supply could be especially problematic because of the ..."

Tags:lead, water, health

Abstract
This paper relates that the negative health effects of lead-contaminated drinking water are significant and occur at very low concentrations. The author points out that the primary source for contamination has been identified as corroding plumbing, which means that almost the whole of the developed world is faced with this danger. The paper urges that samples of real-world concentrations of lead in the drinking water supplies in the developed world should be taken from residential, commercial, industrial, and public buildings. The author suggests that this information should be used to develop public health policies.

Table of Contents:
Introduction
Literature Review
Discussion and Analysis
Summary of Findings

From the Paper
"Even at very low levels of lead exposure, individuals can experience measurable and permanent neurological damage. This is especially true for the young. Bryant (2004) contends that children are most susceptible to lead exposure from birth until the age of six. This is consistent with remarks by Watt et al. (1996), who outline the effects of minimal lead exposure to infants via drinking water--from bottle feeding, breast, or directly from the mother's blood before birth. Watt et al. (1996) points out that exposure to low levels of lead in infants has been positively correlated to decreases in intelligence over the course of an individual's life."

Tags:children, plumbing, aged, school, intelligence

Abstract
This paper describes undisclosed bottled water contamination in America. The paper reports that most of the bottled water is not frequently checked, and that a small percent of it is unsafe for the public. It illustrates how the American public has been advertised into perceiving that bottled water is pure and clean. The author calls for the labeling of bottled water to disclosing the water source, treatments and other key information.

From the Paper
"According to a four-year scientific study made recently public by Natural Resources Defense Council (NRDC) stated that the sales of bottled water in the United States have been blown up in recent years, mainly as a result of a public awareness of purity driven by advertisements and packaging labels featuring unspoiled glaciers and crystal-clear mountain springs. However, bottled water sold in the United States does not necessarily cleaner or safer than most tap water (NRDC)."

Tags:tap, marketing, Environmental, Protection, Agency, (EPA), safe, safety, treatment, source

Abstract
The paper uses a qualitative review of existing literature concerning arsenic characteristics, regional and site specific geology and hydrogeology, and remediation methods, to explore the arsenic contamination of groundwater in Deloro Village, Madoc, Eastern Ontario, Canada. The paper also provides recommendations on more effective and efficient means of remediation for the site and similar contaminated areas.

Outline:
Background to the Research Project
Proposed Research
Importance of this Research
Proposed Methodology
Ethical Considerations
Quantitative vs. Qualitative Research Considerations
Revised Project Schedule

From the Paper
"The Deloro Mine, in eastern Ontario, is a significant player whose activities has resulted in both surface and subsurface arsenic contamination of both soil and water, at the mine site, and off-site as well. Gold mining and smelting, with arsenic removal, was established in 1886, at Deloro. The health and safety of Deloro workers was compromised due to high levels of metal in their bodies, specifically lead and arsenic. Environmental problems were also an issue, including the air deposition of arsenic dust. This air deposition contamination was so detrimental that residents were unable to hang out their laundry during smelter operation, for years, because of the stack soot high in metals. In the 1960s, the Ministry of the Environment (MOE) Water Resources Commission found water samples to be high in arsenic. "

Tags:mining, smelting, air, deposition, contamination, atmospheric, deposition

Abstract
The paper relates that the experiment results indicate that different types of foods become contaminated and spoil at faster rates than others. The paper reveals that it appears that natural unprocessed products spoil faster than foods that contain a high amount of processing; meats appear to spoil at a faster rate than processed grains, such as rice. The paper noets that one limitation of the experiment is that the food samples did not contain a lot of variation.

From the Paper
"The experiment results indicate that different types of foods become contaminated and spoil at faster rates than others. It appears that natural unprocessed products spoil faster than foods that contain a high amount of processing. Meats appear to spoil at a faster rate than processed grains, such as rice. One limitation of the experiment is the food samples did not contain a lot of variation.
"Introduction: Each year, "76 million people in the United States get sick from..."

Tags:microbes, microorganisms, spoilage

Abstract
The purpose of this experiment was to investigate the scavenging of atmospheric organic contaminants from precipitation, specifically snow and rain. The paper also determined and quantified, from scavenging, the amount of polychlorinated biphenyls and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons present in snow and rain. Snow scavenging of organic contaminants was being studied because little is known about this phenomenon and a large amount of precipitation, which occurs in North America, occurs in the form of snow. By studying the various precipitation the researchers were able to observe snow scavenging, the gas scavenging abilities of rain and the particle scavenging abilities of both rain and snow.

Tags:contaminates, organic

Abstract
The paper relates that the contaminants which are of concern in the Arctic are based on their chemical properties, transport, uptake, and persistence in the environment. The paper explains that such chemical properties include high volatility, and ability to adhere to particles both within the gaseous or liquid form, which allows the chemical to disperse readily from its source and travel easily its destination. The paper discusses how the Arctic also provides an efficient system both to capture and biomagnify many of the fat soluble compounds, such as mercury and POPs (persistant organic pollutants), since volatile compounds form the mid and low latitudes reach the arctic via a 'global distillation process'.

From the Paper
"What are the two most important contaminants of Canada's Arctic Ecoregion today? Why do you think they are the most important? Where do they come from and how did they get to the Arctic? Is the situation improving or getting worse? Why? The contaminants which are of concern in the Arctic are based on their chemical properties transport, uptake, and persistence in the environment. Such chemical properties include high volatility, and ability to adhere to particles both within the gaseous or liquid form, which allows the chemical to disperse readily from its source and travel easily its destination. The Arctic also provides an efficient system both to capture..."

Tags:iso 14000, contaminants, james bay

Abstract
The paper reviews the work "A Civil Action" by Jonathan Harr as a basis for exploring violation of E.P.A. regarding water contamination. It uses the incident of water contamination that took place at Woburn, Massachusetts in the 1960s and 70s as one that serves as a lesson in the prevention of water contamination. It lists the deficiencies responsible for the contamination, such as the lack of laboratory checks, lack of inspections of the land and water, lack of compliance evaluation and inhibited civil action.

From the Paper
""A Civil Action" by Jonathan Harr is a book that brings awareness to communities that might be unaware of the EPA standards against water contamination, and the neglect of concerned authorities allowing industries to carry out their illegal dumping of chemicals in certain areas. The incident of water contamination that took place at Woburn, Massachusetts is one that serves as a lesson in history that should not be repeated. This case of water contamination was believed to be responsible for claiming many lives through leukemia because of a chemical substance (Trichloroethylene) present in the water."

Tags:Jonathan, Harr, Woburn, Massachusetts, inspections, compliance, evaluation