Abstract This article examines the importance of eye contact in communications. The writer discusses how it can help establish contact between a speaker and their audience, whether it be one other person or a roomful of people. The paper looks at how eye contact can be used successfully in business situations, in the classroom, and when giving presentations. The writer also notes that eye contact is the first communication link established between the newborn and other humans.
From the Paper "This paper looks at the importance of eye contact and examines its role in several different situations and how the technological advances in use today where video conferencing or interactions between man and machine are required also need to take eye contact into consideration in their design. The conclusions drawn in all of these studies show that eye contact is important in making a connection between the speaker and the audience and the more eye contact given the better the response obtained. Making eye contact is ... "
Abstract This paper introduces, discusses, and analyzes Martin Luther King's famous "I Have a Dream" speech as presented in Mary Louise Pratt's essay "Arts of the Contact Zone." The paper gives a brief description of King's life and the impact his speech had on the civil rights movement. The reviewer defines Pratt's term "autoethnographic text" which was used in the essay to describe the speech. The paper then outlines and analyzes King's speech, using quotations. The paper concludes by stating that King felt black and white Americans had far more commonalities than differences.
From the Paper "Martin Luther King gave his famous "I Have a Dream" speech at the Lincoln Memorial in Washington D.C. on August 28, 1963, during a massive march calling for black civil rights. King was a Baptist minister who worked tirelessly for civil rights until his assassination in 1968. King's speech helped mobilize the black community to work for civil rights and helped show the white community just what blacks faced in terms of segregation, bigotry, and prejudice. It also is an excellent example of the art of the contact zone - specifically how different groups can view the same experience with very different eyes."
Tags: Martin, Luther, King, Mary, Louise, Pratt, I, Have, a, Dream, Arts, of, the, Contact, Zone
Abstract In this article, the writer provides a medical epidemiology and overview of contact dermatitis, while focusing on the risks and complications associated with contact dermatitis among workers in the construction industry. The writer pays attention to Irish laws in place meant to protect workers from exposure to irritants that may result in contact or allergic contact dermatitis. The purpose of this investigation is to determine the prevalence of contact dermatitis and looked at what actions may be necessary to mitigate risk or provide additional resources for those most at risk for contagion with this known disease.
Outline:
Introduction
Background to the Problem
Significance of Study
Allergic Contact Dermatitis
Irritant Contact Dermatitis
Critical Evaluation Literature Related to Construction Industry and Dermatitis
Contact Dermatitis, Construction and the Irish
Summary of Literature Review
From the Paper "As more and more construction workers develop symptoms of allergic contact dermatitis, it is more important than ever that researchers focus on ways and methods they can prevent occupational hazards from reducing one's capacity to work or their quality of life. Among the important facts noted in the literature review is the increasing prevalence of contact dermatitis in Ireland and other areas where legislation has been slow to enforce some health and occupational acts that would protect workers from exposure to chemical irritants. Cited in this literature review are cases suggesting that Irish buildings and drinking water are among the primary causes for allergic or irritant contact dermatitis among workers and civilians alike. This serves to emphasize the need for a complete review of contact dermatitis, including its many forms, and an evaluation of the current legislation in place to assess its relevance and whether legislation needs to be improved to protect workers from developing debilitating forms of this condition."
Abstract This paper discusses the context in which the film "Contact's" religious theme surfaces, the pattern of ideas and events that point to the centrality of that theme and the means by which the theme is elaborated over the course of the story. The author believes, even though the film is a science-fiction adventure story, "Contact" can be interpreted as an examination of a human encounter with God as shown in both the resolution of the story line and the attributes of character informing the narrative. This paper explains that the relevance of Paul Tillich's God-concept to "Contact" is the film's use of extraterrestrial life in a modern experience as a proxy for examining the unavoidability of cosmic uncertainty and of the unsettling brush between ordinary experience and the infinite.
From the Paper "It would be a mistake to consider "Contact" merely a movie "about" religion-science conflict, though Ellie's attempts to articulate the meaning that her space-wormhole experience (and the space program's millisecond of lost radio contact) had for her put her on the verge of saying that the experience was spiritual. For her near-suggestion that the cosmos may include the hand of God, she is essentially shushed in favor of more focus on facts on one hand and accountability for the apparent failure of a very costly science project on the other. That episode is consistent with Carter's view that contemporary culture does not honor but rather trivializes religion: "one should not try to oversimplify the human mind by making religious conviction a ground for invalidating law". In "Contact", what turns out to be Ellie's discovery of a spiritual (not solely spiritual, but not merely scientific, either) connection to the cosmos is what invalidates, and her testimony before a scientific community that does not admit religion into its discourse, even though an explanation without a spiritual dimension does not cover its meaning for her."
Abstract This paper explores the issue of writing in the contact zone, where the writer incorporates the individual's culture. To illustrate these points, "How to Tame a Wild Tongue" by Gloria Anzaldua is discussed as an example of writing in the contact zone. The paper begins by discussing the problems seen in Anzaluda's piece, followed by a discussion of the benefits of the piece and why they are so important. The writer believes that the benefits of writing in the contact zone far outweighs the risks involved.
From the Paper "The first risk of writing in the contact zone is that the writing style will alienate readers, creating the situation where the only individuals that find meaning in the piece are those with the same culture. Anzaldua does take this risk with "How to Tame a Wild Tongue" by writing in a style that does make it a challenge to understand. One of the most noticeable factors is the mixing of English and Spanish. The following two sentences are an example of how she mixes the two languages, "Even our own people, other Spanish speakers nos quieren poner candados en la boca."
Abstract This paper begins by discussing how the expanding Roman Empire clashed with the Greeks in ancient times, with the result being war. It then looks at the consequences of contact between Rome and barbarians in general; how the Empire considered itself superior and the ramifications this had. The paper then discusses the contact between Christians and Muslims during the Crusades and then examines the relationship between Jews and the new religion, Christianity in the first century AD. It concludes with a discussion of the between Sung Dynasty of China and Mongols in AD 1279.
From the Paper "In the ancient world, the most likely occurrence when a culture or concept came into contact with another culture or a transforming concept from the outside in the areas of art, religion, and politics was, pure and simple: war, and more than this, a war of conquest that served as its own legitimation. This is what happened when Roman expansionism throughout the Mediterranean area and westward into Europe encountered the long established but, by the time of Rome's first foray into Greece in 200 BC, well past the reputation and power of Alexander the Great (Spodek 154)."
Abstract This paper explains that the purpose of this database is to provide a means by which sales-persons can track contact information about potential customers including the history for each customer contact. The author relates that this database will be relational, using the Oracle database and will be interfaced with other existing database systems, primarily the employee database. The paper states that the data consistency is maintained in this system by means of the system assignment of values, validation of entries and limitations on access. Charts and diagram.
Table of Contents
Database Overview
Business Requirements
Interfaces
Consistency and Validation
Screens and Reports
Tables
1. Customer
2. Customer History
3. Employee
4. Sales Territories
5. City
6. State
7. Phone Number
Entity Relationship Diagram
From the Paper "The main business requirement is to allow salespersons access to customer information. Salespersons need to be able to find the customer's phone number and address, but they will have only the authority to add to the Phone Number table, if the customer's number is not already in the table. They also need to be able to view and update the Customer History. Employees may add customers and phone numbers, but they may not delete them. They will not have update authority on sales territories. They also will have no authority to update the City or State tables, except to relate a Customer to City."
Abstract This paper examines the documentary film ?First Contact?, which covers the initial reaction of the people of Papua New Guinea to white people. The paper describes how they perceived the white men and the way the white men perceived the tribe. The paper's author writes that the film illustrates a real example of how a culture changes by being introduced to the Western culture and Western values.
From the Paper "The film First Contact is a real example of what happens when two cultures collide. It is the true story of over a million people in Papua New Guinea who had no idea other people existed outside their world. This changed when three white men in search of gold, walked into their world. This documentary covers the initial reaction of the people and how they perceived the white men, describes the way the white men perceived the tribe and shows how the tribe changed. This documentary offers a real look at the situation from the perspective of the non-Western culture. In the article "Cosmologies of Capitalism" Sahlins argues that the impact of Western cultures on non-Western cultures needs to be understood from the perspective of the non-Western culture. The documentary provides this focus, showing how the people of New Guinea perceived the white men."
Abstract This paper focuses on how contact with Europeans and their descendants affected native populations of the Inuit in terms of introduced diseases and changes in existing patterns of trade and inter-tribal relations. It cites examples from different Inuit tribes ranging from Baffin Island in north-eastern Canada, to Alaska.
From the Paper "Since time immemorial, the Inuit existed as some of the most isolated populations on Earth, living in some of the harshest environments imaginable. The Inuit's traditional social customs, trade patterns, and overall health and vitality all came under intense strain as a result of contact with Westerners. The individual bands? isolation proved to be fundamental to the rapid disintegration of traditional Inuit society, culture, and economics. Although the disastrous impact of European colonial exploits on the native peoples of South and Central America are well documented, Western contact and colonialism also forever changed the lives of native people half a world away in the high Arctic."
Abstract This paper is on the cinematic techniques between the movies "Gattaca" and "Contact". It includes the discussion lighting, framing, camera angles, colors, transitions, music, and or sound effects of the movies.
Abstract The contact zone has been described as a social place where cultures meet, clash and grapple with each other. This occurs when two different cultures with different amounts of power clash. One good example of this is the clash between white and black people, which has been an ongoing struggle from the days of slavery to the present. The paper shows that while this struggle is a difficult one, it should be recognized that there are also benefits to the contact zone. The struggle that occurs allows for growth and for people to come to terms with the world and adjust themselves to it. In "Notes of a Native Son", James Baldwin describes his clash of cultures. An analysis of this work shows the benefits that come from the contact zone. One of the important things shown is that Baldwin is not only clashing with the white society of the time, he is also clashing with the past history of the black person and what it means to be black. The paper shows that through these two struggles, Baldwin is able to integrate himself with his identity as a black person and his place in the society of the time. This awareness and personal growth is a good example of how the contact zone is beneficial. It may cause conflict, as cultures clash, but through dealing with this conflict, cultural growth becomes possible.
From the Paper "Baldwin's struggle against his black culture is only part of the story because he is also struggling against the white culture. In the beginning, he is not even aware that a cultural conflict exists. As he notes, "I knew about the south, of course, and about how southerners treated Negroes and how they expected them to behave, but it never entered my mind that anyone would look at me and expect me to behave that way" (56). Baldwin then becomes aware that he is naive in thinking there is no conflict between whites and blacks. In New Jersey he finally realizes that he is defined by the color of his skin and not welcome in the same places that black people are. His initial reaction is to reject the unspoken rules and go to all the places he knows he is not welcome. This is the beginnings of his realization that he is not considered equal and the start of the sense of anger toward the situation."
Abstract This paper first explains that Mary Louise Pratt's term "contact zone" refers to social spaces where cultures meet, clash and grapple with each other, often in contexts of highly asymmetrical relations of power, such as colonialism. The paper then discusses the problems that tourism can create in the contact zones between tourists and natives. Tourism in the Okavango Delta of Botswana and the Borderlands between Mexico and the U.S. is explored as examples of contact zones. The paper stresses that tourist needs to consider sustainable tourism, where the socio-cultural identity of the natives is protected.
From the Paper "In places that foster enclave-tourism, the relations of power are very asymmetrical. The tourists have more money and more power, as do the international companies involved in the tourism industry, while the natives assimilate to the tourists and the industry. This assimilation happens because the minority culture wants to appeal to the tourists better. It also happens, and this is seen mostly in the younger generations, because the minorities find themselves wanting to be more like the dominant culture, which makes this case different from that of Poma."
Tags: autoethnographic assimilation minority transculturation, dominant society
Abstract This paper discusses the theories found in "Arts of Contact Zone" as seen in the communication style of Malcolm X. Pratt's concept of a 'contact zone' is introduced and then defined in terms of Malcolm X. Examples of his leadership and communication style are given as they fit with the theories of Pratt.
From the Paper ""Arts of the Contact Zone." By Pratt, Mary Louise, states the art of conversation, and communication depends upon varying cultures, their dominance over one another and the perspective that one sees the other from its own. Malcolm X's autobiography published shortly after his murder in 1965, relates in the matter of communication, and "contact zone" so highly accomplished with his group of people that only a physical gesture of a finger was sufficient enough to silence a crowd of millions, in a public gathering."
Abstract This essay examines the first contact experience between the Cape (the Dutch and the slaves) and the indigenous Africans (primarily the Khoisan and Khoikhoi). It sees the contact as permeated by conflict and exploitation (on the part of the Dutch).
Abstract This paper explains that, even if the HIV infection is currently dormant, the immune system produces antibodies to combat the virus which are ineffective, but their presence indicates an HIV infection. The author points out that the consensus among the medical community about the transmission of AIDS states that there is no evidence that the disease can be transmitted through such activities as casual contact, hugging, kissing or through the air or saliva: AIDS can be transmitted only through direct sexual contact, blood transfusions, hypodermic needles and from mothers to their unborn babies. The paper stresses that the central controversy in the surveillance of AIDS is not the reporting requirement, but how these records might be used.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome
"The Plague"
Public Health
Conclusion
From the Paper "Instead of maintaining the present practice of voluntary testing and confidentiality, many states are considering contact tracing. Contact tracing is a form of medical surveillance in which public health officials are statutorily required to inform the sexual partners of a positive test for a disease by a patient. This process of disease control is authorized in many states for the treatment of venereal disease. A doctor reports a positive test result of a patient to the state health department; the name is entered on a register; and the state health officer then has the duty to inquire about the patient's sexual activities and to inform all sexual partners of the disease; the sexual partners then submit to their own tests."
