Abstract
This paper discusses how various characters in the novel "House of Spiritis" (Isabel Allende), use sex to reveal their hidden emotions. Sex represents revenge for Esteban Garcia, an outlet for Esteban Trueba's emotions, love for Pedro Tercero and Blanca and a means of self-gratification for Jean de Satigny. The paper shows that sex also signifies love for Clara; because she does not love Esteban Trueba, she does not want to have sex with him. Allende uses sex to display the types of relationships between the characters. For some, sex is a consummation of their love; for others, sex is a pleasurable experience used to release their emotions.

From the Paper
"Another way that Esteban Trueba uses sex as an outlet for his emotions is when he is with Transito Soto. Although Esteban Trueba is "not a man for whores," he likes Transito Soto because "she was indefatigable and never complained" (69). Esteban Trueba visits Transito Soto after he is married when he is having problems in his relationship with Clara. Transito Soto helps Esteban Trueba "weep out all the misery and loneliness of recent years" after they have sex together (317). Esteban Trueba turns to Transito Soto to release his feelings because he knows that she will not ask questions and that she can understand his pain through their sexual relations together."

Tags:rape

Abstract
In this paper, Hawthorne provides three different women within three different stories that promote the theme of unattainable love. The women in Hawthorne's short stories die or are invariably unable to love the central male protagonist, but have varying differences of character and destiny that isolate them from a consummation of love's conjoined ideology. The paper describes the way in which Hawthorne has forged tales of romance that deny love and romance to the men and women involved in these three short stories.

From the Paper
"This literary study will examine the role of unattainable women in three stories by Nathaniel Hawthorne. In this manner, Annie from "The Artist of the Beautiful", Georgiana in "The Birthmark", and Beatrice in "Rappaccini's Daughter" will be compared and contrasted. By examining the role of the unattainable and distant woman in relation to the plots in these tales, Hawthorne imbues the futility of romance in his short story works. In "Rappaccini's Daughter" the theme of unattainable love revolves around Giovanni and Beatrice, the daughter of the scientist Baglioni. The poisonous plants that the scientist creates have immunized Beatrice, and have had a harmful effect on Giovanni. The repulsion to Beatrice is instilled through her inaccessibility in the poisonous garden."

Tags:hawthorne, story, love

Abstract
This paper discusses the various aspects involved in an ancient Athenian wedding. The union was primarily seen as taking place between families, and was an important communal event. The author describes the betrothal, the pre-wedding preparations, which included sacrifice to the gods, the nuptial baths and their significance, the elements of the wedding procession and the consummation. Citing texts from ancient Greek writers, the author explains the many steps and rituals in detail, showing their underlying sexual undertones. The types of songs and hymns sung at various stages and their functions are also described.

From the Paper
"The very first step in the wedding process was of course to pick the bride. The process of picking and choosing a wife was almost never based on feelings of love or even physical attraction. Authors Johnson and Ryan comment on those "desirable qualities" by breaking them down into several different categories, such as age, virginity, and trainability. Age is commented on through several pieces of work in Greek antiquity. Hesiod comments on this in his Works and Days by saying that the bride should "have been an adolescent for four years, and married to you <the prospective husband> in the fifth," Honestus also mentions in his Greek Anthology the importance of age in selecting a wife."

Tags:contract, sexuality, mythology, fertility, Plutarch, community, Euripides, oikos, Artemis

Abstract
This paper explains that psychologist Robert Sternberg proposes a theory of love consisting of a "love triangle" with the three components of passion, the drive that leads to romance, physical attraction, sexual consummation and related phenomena; intimacy, the feelings of closeness, connectedness and bondedness in loving relationships, and commitment, the decision that one loves someone else and commits to maintain that love. The author points out that these three components may be combined to characterize eight kinds of love; however, the relative emphasis of each component changes over time as an adult romantic relationship develops. The author points out that Sternberg's triangular theory of love has been criticized for its methodology and on the grounds that passion, intimacy and commitment often overlap; other scholars have found this theory to be a meaningful base for their own study of love. Includes illustration and Sternberg's Triangular Love Scale questionnaire.

From the Paper
"Commitment is the cognitive component, which consists of knowing and perception. It can keep a marriage together way after passion is gone and intimacy is no longer possible. But commitment without one or both of the other elements leads to an empty marriage. Many older persons today despair over the younger generation's seemingly unwillingness to make commitments. Perhaps younger people, seeing what has happened with earlier generations, realize that people and relationships change and that making a commitment should go far beyond what matters to them in the short run."

Tags:passion, intimacy, commitment, correlation, relationship

Abstract
This paper looks at two of Edith Wharton's famous works: "Ethan Frome" and "The Age of Innocence". The essay examines the ways that society impedes the consummation of relationships throughout the two novels. Both Ethan Frome and Newland Archer are thwarted in their attempts to acquire love, but their adversary is both an invisible and ever-present one. Both men suffer from the strict moral principles underlying the foundation of society. This essay looks at the consequences and sacrifices that one might suffer under strict moral conventions.

From the Paper
"Humans have always been magnetized by the irrepressible influences of passion and desire. Spinoza once said, "Desire is the very essence of man." Many levels of desire infiltrate human society, but there are also obstructions that can stand in the way of satiating this human yearning. In Edith Wharton's famous novels, Ethan Frome and The Age of Innocence, we find two men in such predicaments. Both Ethan Frome and Newland Archer are cursed to ache with wretchedly interminable unsatisfied desires. Together, they epitomize the tragic consequences of life lived beneath a microscope of societal criticism. Though both characters differ in their social situations, both are alike in the anguish they endure over unobtainable love. Ethan Frome and Newland Archer are tortured by conscience and moral correctness in grave ways. And, the societies described in Wharton's novels have come to embody the common conventions that lead to restraint in moments of perceived gratification."

Tags:age, archer, countess, desire, edith, ellen, love, mattie, newland, olenska, passion, principles, societies, society, wharton, zeena

Abstract
Gabriel Garcia Marquez's novel "Love in the Time of Cholera" is, on one level, the inspiring story of a love that lasted over fifty years and was consummated only when the two people (Fermina Daza and her devoted Florentino Ariza) reached old age. The paper shows that this is an involving story that keeps the reader attentive to the fortunes of the principal characters and entertained by the many digressions the author makes along the way. It shows, however, that the very title of the book hints that there is something more to the story. In the contrast between "love" and the plague of cholera it may seem that this is a story of the triumph of humanity's great achievement--romantic love--over the forces of nature that work against human happiness and well-being.

From the Paper
"The novel is set, roughly, in the period from the late 1870s to the 1930s in an unnamed city on the Caribbean coast of Colombia. In the course of the novel's time-span the impact of the presence of human beings on each other and on the land they occupy is a major focus of the novel. In the figures of Juvenal Urbino and Florentino Ariza there is a contrast between the man who is a part of the city and the man who works at the edges of humanity's attempt to bring the world under control. What they share, however, is an indifference to their surroundings, except as they serve their own immediate interests. Urbino and the city represent the empty conventionality and Europe-directed thinking of the remnants of exploitative colonial society, while Ariza, at the jungle outpost of the River Company, represents the equally exploitative modern mania for technological advances and the relentless expansion of commerce."

Tags:Juvenal, Urbino, River, Company, Carribean

Abstract
Joseph Stalin was not a theorist, but he was a consummate politician. In the 1920s, Marxist-Leninist theoretical grounding was a primary mode of legitimation for those who aspired to leadership of the Russian Communist Party. The paper shows that Stalin was, therefore, always able to elucidate an appropriate theoretical pedigree for whatever he believed was the best course for the new nation or, not incidentally, for his own political ends. The paper shows that Stalin's first Five Year Plan -- adopted, modified and approved between September 1928 and April 1929 -- was just such a course of action. It explains how he changed his previously stated intentions and ideologies in order to develop the Five Year Plan and remain in power as the leader of Communist Russia.

From the Paper
"From his earliest study of Marxist theory Stalin was attracted to dialectical materialism as a world view that provided "a coherent overall philosophical image of the world" and conceived of society past and present "as a great battleground whereon two hostile forces -- bourgeoisie and proletariat -- are locked in mortal combat" (Tucker 118, 119). Socialism flowed inevitably, logically from Marx's systematic thought and justified the revolutionary extremism that had a special appeal for Stalin. In his early political incarnation Stalin sided with the so-called "hards" who were opposed to the moderation of the left. He became a leading proponent of Lenin's militant interpretation of Marx and, as a leading advocate of Bolshevism, Stalin "found himself in his spiritual element" (121)."

Tags:socialism, Bolshevism, Central, Committee, NEP

Abstract
Gabriel Garc?a M?rquez's novel Love in the Time of Cholera is, on one level, the inspiring story of a love that lasted over fifty years and was consummated only when the two people (Fermina Daza and her devoted Florentino Ariza) reached old age.

From the Paper
"Gabriel Garcia Marquez's novel Love in the Time of Cholera is, on one level, the inspiring story of a love that lasted over fifty years and was consummated only when the two people (Fermina Daza and her devoted Florentino Ariza) reached old age. It is an involving story that keeps the reader attentive to the fortunes of the principal characters and entertained by the many digressions the author makes along the way. Yet the very title of the book hints that there is something more to the story. In the contrast between "love" and the plague of cholera it may seem that this is merely a story of the triumph of humanity's great achievement--romantic love--over the forces of nature that work against human happiness and well-being. As Mona Simpson notes, however, for Garcia Marquez "individual happiness is not considered an absolute good" and in this novel, as in others, he ..."

Abstract
"Joseph Stalin was not a theorist. But he was a consummate politician and in the 1920s Marxist-Leninist theoretical grounding was a primary mode of legitimation for those who aspired to leadership of the Russian Communist Party.

From the Paper
"Joseph Stalin was not a theorist. But he was a consummate politician and in the 1920s Marxist-Leninist theoretical grounding was a primary mode of legitimation for those who aspired to leadership of the Russian Communist Party. Stalin was, therefore, always able to elucidate an appropriate theoretical pedigree for whatever he believed was the best course for the new nation or, not incidentally, for his own political ends. Stalin's first Five Year Plan -- adopted, modified, and approved between September 1928 and April 1929 -- was just such a course of action. Having achieved power Stalin's choice of the Five Year Plan was a radical departure from his previously stated intentions. But, like his other politically adroit changes of direction on economic policy, the Plan received in its turn the sanction of Marxist-Leninist thinking as interpreted or applied..."

Tags:COMMUNISM, SOVIET UNION: 1917-1990

Abstract
"Othello" is one of the four great tragedies written during Shakespeare's period of despair when the bard seemed to be concerned with the struggle of good over evil. The paper shows that Iago, the villain in "Othello", is perhaps the most sadistic and consummately evil character in all English literature and his eventual downfall illustrates the triumph of love over hate, a key theme in many of Shakespeare's plays. The paper traces the play act by act in order to analyze the character of Iago.

From the Paper
"In Act Two, Iago's villainous nature is increased when Cassio, Othello's chief of staff, is seen by Iago holding the hand of Desdemona which sets into motion another scheme highlighted by the line "With as little a web as this will I ensnare as great a fly as Cassio" (2.1.163). Like Roderigo, Cassio submits to Iago's every whim while under the assumption that Iago is only attempting to assist him; but in reality, it is Cassio's downfall that attracts Iago. In addition, since Iago is a very intelligent man, he quickly realizes the advantages that come with trust which he considers as a means to further his goals. As a symbol of his true arrogance, Iago says of himself "I am an honest man" (2.3.245) which is quickly deemed to be a false statement when he has Cassio terminated as Othello's chief of staff."

Tags:Moorish, Roderigo, Desdemona, Cassio