Abstract
This paper examines the effects of terrorism on the economy. It explains that there are three reasons that make this task difficult: Several different sectors of the economy must be looked at, different economic models weigh different elements of society differently and economists have different views on what should be done to alleviate the problem.

From the paper:

"This paper looks at the effects of the terrorist attacks on some of the world's stock markets, which plunged in the first weeks after markets were reopened but have since regained most of their pre-Sept. 11 value. The lower levels of these stock markets are felt by some to reflect the lingering effects of the attacks; it is also possible that the lowered values of stock reflected on exchanges throughout the world are simply reflections of the current still-mild but prolonged recession. It is, of course, probably both: The terrorist attacks pushed teetering world economies down the slope of recession as they damaged consumer confidence sufficiently to cause a contraction in spending that has already been occurring due primarily) to rising unemployment."

Tags:Terrorism, Macroeconomics, Public, Policy, 9/11, taxes, Federal, Reserve, policy, 911

From the Paper
"This paper will be concerned with the topic of consumer manipulation through advertising. There are a number of ways in which advertisers may try to persuade the public to buy their products. However, it has been found that one of the most effective ways to stimulate buying behavior is through the manipulation of people's fears and desires. In the words of one advertising director: "Fear, envy, vanity, health, utility, profit, pride, love and entertainment. If you ever spend money it will be for one of those reasons". Research studies have tended to support this view, and as such there are numerous indications that consumer decision making is more strongly motivated by emotional, rather than rational, needs.
Advertisers have long been aware that sex is the most powerful stimulant for influencing the public to buy. ,,, "

Abstract
The paper discusses how it is common to build an identity based on what one owns or by how one is perceived by other. The paper discusses how according to Maslow, a person will expend energy only on the most pressing of needs, and in a similar fashion, consumers will base their spending on their financial comfort. The paper describes how an individual who has the disposable income to spend on a Mercedes-Benz is perceived of as being smart, secure, and financially capable. The paper explains that society's perception of that person is then internalized as part of the individual's social identity, which in turn gives that individual a sense of personal value.

From the Paper
"The degree of comfort consumers have in the market is frequently expressed by how much they are willing to spend. Although many factors go into determining consumer confidence, it is relatively safe to say that when consumer confidence is high, consumers are more willing to spend money on non-essential goods and luxury items. Conversely, if consumer confidence is low, then consumers spend less of their money, focusing spending on essential items and saving money for better days. This explanation somewhat equates consumer confidence with Abraham Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs. Maslow's model states that certain..."

Tags:mercedes, benz, maslow, looking glass self

Abstract
In this article, the writer critiques an article published in the Irish Times on March 20, 2007. The title of the piece is 'New Autism Study Shows Effective Treatment' and it confidently asserts that applied behavior analysis can help autistic children overcome their condition. This refers specifically to children who receive ABA out-strip in behavior and, in cognitive performance, those who receive "eclectic" treatment.
The writer concludes that the article falls short of what it could be because it is uncritical, short on methodological specifics, and exhibits a general lack of concern about the notion that the individuals cited in its body may be individuals who have a vested interest in seeing ABA given more credit than it warrants. The article itself is appended to the paper.

From the Paper
"To begin with, there are some positives to the manner in which the aforementioned study is described in the article. For one thing, the article is lucidly-written, so novice readers will not find the text inaccessible or confusing. Further, the writer or writers of the report wisely eschew technical terms, thereby allowing the reader to focus his or her attention upon the important thing in the piece, which is that ABA intervention really does work. Finally, the article does a commendable job of capturing at length the sentiments of two scholars - study author and noted professor Bob Remington of the University of Southampton and Dr Geraldine Leader, chairwoman of the Psychological Society of Ireland's division of Behaviour Analysis - who staunchly support the idea that ABA intervention is the approach to take when dealing with autistic children. Unfortunately, this is where the good things to be said about the article draw to a close."

Tags:ABA, behavior, socio-communication, skills

Abstract
The author of this project plan is an employee of a major credit card company. In this paper, the writer examines issues of consumer confidence, trust and convenience in credit card use. The paper seeks to identify what initiatives have been used by financial institutions in recent years to provide consumers with the confidence they need to safely use their credit cards while avoiding fraudulent transactions in both brick-and-mortar and on line settings. The stated aim of the paper is to suggest what steps can be made to improve consumer confidence in a bank's credit card administration services.

Outline:
Project Plan
Brief Description of the Context of the Study
Project Rationale:
Provisional Reading List
Information about Data and Artifacts
Time Line
References

From the Paper
"Data collection will be accomplished by consulting relevant resources in public and university libraries as well as reliable online research sources such as EBSCO and Questia. Organizational resources including those maintained by Citi Cards will also be consulted. The data to be collected will focus on the impact of initiatives designed to improve consumer confidence in credit card use in quantifiable ways. Keywords and phrases to be used for this purpose will include: "credit cards," "credit card fraud," "Citibank," "international credit," "credit card industry," "online credit," "online credit transactions," "online fraud," "identity theft," "banking security," and so forth. The research process will progress in a step-wise fashion, beginning at the top of an inverted pyramid in terms of generality concerning the areas of interest and proceeding more specifically to the issue of defeating credit card fraud at Citibank. Serendipitously identified resources were also incorporated where appropriate. Exclusion criteria to be included in identifying these resources will be those resources that are less than 10 and preferably less than 5 years old, and published in the English language. This approach is highly congruent with a number of social researchers who emphasize the need to review the existing literature as part of virtually any research project today. For example, Gratton and Jones (2003) note that a review of the relevant literature is an essential task in all research... "

Tags:consumers, accounts, virtual, identity, theft, financial, EBSCO, questia

Abstract
This paper examines the effects on specific stock exchanges, their initial fall and their subsequent rise by considering basic economic background. The author indicates that understanding the effects of terrorism on the economy is complicated due to at least three reasons: The need to look at several different sectors of the economy; different economic models that weigh elements of society differently and the different ways conservative and progressive economists look at a problem.

From the paper:

"We may feel that there is something inappropriate in talking about economics in conjunction with the terrorist attacks of Sept. 11, believing that instead of thinking of something that is in the end as unimportant as money we should be thinking about the larger issues of life and death and the purpose of human life."

Tags:Terrorism, Macroeconomics, Public, Policy, 9/11, taxes, Federal, Reserve, policy

Abstract
This dissertation examines the impact of the sweeping reforms that changed regulation of financial services and markets in UK from the rules-based regime to one based on principles and outcomes. The main concern is to measure the effects of this reform strategy on British consumers, whose welfare and benefit were enshrined in the Financial Services and Markets Act 2007 as the greatest motivating force. The whole dissertation is structured as follows: The research question and objectives are set in the succeeding section, followed by a review of the literature. Then the writer discusses the methodology and presents the results, based on which the writer subsequently formulates a set of recommendations on how the implementation of the principles-based regulatory system can enrich the consumer's experience. The final section draws a conclusion that weighs the advantages and disadvantages of the new regulatory policy as it affects the consumers.

Outline:
Executive Summary
Introduction
Research Question
Sub-Questions
Literature Review
Theories & Concepts
Principles
Rules & Regulations
Compliance Costs
Financial Markets
Financial Scandals
Consumer Protection
Benefits
Methodology
Findings & Analysis
Recommendations
Conclusion

From the Paper
"On rules as a product of guesswork, the best that the rule maker can do is to anticipate how the rule will be applied in the future. The problem is that new situations may arise that were not expected or known when the rule was written such that the rule is likely to be interpreted and applied in ways that were not intended or anticipated in the drafting of the rule. Moreover, rules are never perfectly congruent with their purpose and may be over-inclusive and under-inclusive. The rules are under-inclusive when they fail to catch things that the rule maker might want to catch, whilst they are over-inclusive when the rules captured things that the rule maker does not need in applying the rules to a particular set of circumstances. The question is how to minimise rather than avoid these problems, and whether it is preferable to fail to include a type of conduct that should be included if the objectives are to be served, or to include certain conduct that should not be included."

Tags:consumers, market, rules, outcomes

Abstract
This paper considers two economic forecasts for 18 months for each of the following economic factors: interest rates, inflation, unemployment, GDP, consumer confidence and foreign exchange. The paper concludes that there are mixed signals among those factors, but not among the expectation of analysts.

From the Paper
"In previous research, six economic factors were identified as influencing the commercial aviation aspect of the aerospace industry. It is critical that airlines and suppliers to airlines understand and anticipate how these economic factors are likely to change in order to take strategic action. There are many different sources of analysis for these economic indicators and smart companies monitor the key factors that affect their companies in order to ensure that they have appropriate plans in place. This research considers two month..."

Tags:inflation, interest rates, consumer confidence, unemployment, foreign exchange, GDP, gross domestic product, aviation, commercial aviation

Abstract
This paper takes an in-depth look at the emergence of Internet trust certificates and signatures, and how they will extensively increase the security of Internet electronic commerce and legal deals. The paper first defines and discusses trust in relation to the internet and then outlines the companies that are supposed to provide the solution to consumer confidence and voluntary self regulation that is required in the electronic marketplace, as well as the amount of personal information that a user is willing to allow to become public via the internet.

Contents:
Introduction
Literature Review
What is The Background of These Organizations - BBB Online, Truste and Verisign Inc?
What Are The Services They Provide to The Organizations?
What Are The Guidelines of The Certificates Issued by BBBOnline, TRUSTe and VeriSign Inc?
Evaluate The Certificates to Find Out Whether They Really Stop Mistreating of Personal Information, and Are There Any Loopholes Within The Certificates
Do Consumers Really Feel Safe by These Certificates?
Conclusions

From the Paper
"The reason for this may be considered to be psychological to a certain extent. An unwanted mail on the e-mail address needs just a click in order to dispose off, and it is a major problem that computer users have been facing for a long time. Even nowadays, all the free amount of e-mail services lead to a great amount of mails which come in, and still several people make use of free e-mail. Thus it is quite possible that the individuals are being accustomed to that sort of great trouble. On the other hand in the case of an unwanted phone call, it can usually come at any hour of any day, and one may not even like to attend to the phone in order to get rid of the people. It is also very true that postal mail is somewhere in between and certain of the individuals are being accustomed to even throwing away of the mails without even opening the mails. Thus, it is quite possible that the classification of the information is quite based on the harassment which it causes to the individual. (Trust in the Internet: The Social Dynamics of an Experience Technology)

To a certain extent, when a person uses the Internet for a while, he tends to develop a higher level of trust in the Internet. There have been different analyses which talk about two general types of cyber trust. One of these categories can be called as "Net-confidence" and the other can be called as "Net-risk". Considering individuals in these two categories help in analyzing the trust that individuals have in Internet. The analyses show that:
- In general continuing users of Internet have more surety and more confidence in the information and people whom they can access via the technology than others who do not use Internet, with several non-users having no opinion about how much of trust can be placed in the Internet."

Tags:online, security, legal, technology, faith, confidence, privacy, VeriSign, data, information

Abstract
This paper explains that basic Keynesian theory states that, "in a normal economy," there is a high level of employment, and everyone is spending salaries as usual, which means there is a circular flow of money in the economy. The author points out that, according to Keynes, if stock market prices rose sharply, this would be an indication that the economy was looking up and that consumers were willing to spend more. The paper responds that, if Congress passes an increase in income tax rates to take effect next year, according to Keynes, the effects of this measure should be salutary, if the increased funds are accrued by the federal government and utilized properly to create jobs by expanding the government programs of public works.

Table of Contents
Overview of Keynesian Theory and the Current U.S Economic Situation
Hypothetical Occurrence 1#: The stock market prices rise sharply.
Hypothetical Occurrence 2#: The Conference Board's Index of Consumer Confidence falls for the fifth straight month.
Hypothetical Occurrence 3#: The rate of capacity utilization rises.
Hypothetical Occurrence 4#: The government institutes a 10% investment tax credit retroactive to the start of the year.
Hypothetical Occurrence 5#: Congress passes an increase in income tax rates to take effect next year.

From the Paper
"Keynes stated that "in a normal economy," there is a high level of employment, and everyone is spending salaries as usual. This means there is a circular flow of money in the economy. Individual spending becomes part of total earnings. Total earnings become part of the total spending, generating profits. When something happens to shake consumer confidence in the economy, consumers begin to save their money. Because consumer spending is part of other consumer's earnings, consumer's decisions to hoard money cause retailers to spend less and to lay off employees. Responding to these difficult times, "other consumers resort to hoarding money as well." "

Tags:flow, tax, stock, confidence, utilization