Abstract
This paper discusses and analyzes the theoretical framework that Jean Watson developed regarding the constructs of person, nursing, environment and health. It describes her emphasis on the mind and spirit and discusses how this can be used in practice. The paper analyzes how all of Watson's four constructs are interrelated because of the therapeutic relationship.

From the Paper
"All of the four constructs are interrelated because of the therapeutic relationship. Without such a relationship, no healing or caring is possible. The constructs also are interrelated because of nursing's holistic approach. These constructs provide direction for nursing leaders and allow for a vision and to a commitment to a holistic approach for nursing. Not only can the patient achieve balance, but all aspects of care can be considered and balanced through the use of the constructs. Leaders who create visions can develop entirely innovative approaches to creating healing environments for both nurses and patients so that growth and development are promoted to achieve self-realization."

Tags:environment, mind, patient, care

Abstract
This paper provides an analysis of the female character of Radha in Mehboob Kahn's film "Mother India" and Nisha in Sooraj R. Barjatya's "Who Am I to You?" The analysis shows how the virtues of these cinematic characters reflect those of the model of the Hindu goddess Sita, and others like Lakshmi and Kali and reflect the ideals of the Hindu socio-cultural construct of woman.

From the Paper
"In film director Mehboob Khan's "Mother India" we see that the director presents a very complex portrait of Radha, a woman who stands up to men, earns her own living and takes dramatic action when her wayward son Birju exacts vengeance on the money-lender Sukhilala. In director Sooraj R. Barjatya's film "Hum Aapke Hain Kaun, Who Am I To You", the character of Nisha is constructed more along the lines of the conventional Indian woman, a good woman who adopts a..."

Tags:marriage, kinship, loyalty, purity, honor, community, children, mothers, wives, submission

Abstract
This paper examines the question of what forms gender and sexuality take in America, based on four articles. The paper discusses female circumcision and castration in the late nineteenth century, the impact of language around impotence and erectile dysfunction on male sexuality. The paper looks at gender construction, male sexuality in general and also examines gay rights under Bush Sr.'s administration.

From the Paper
"It is very clear from various readings that gender and gendered sexuality have a lot more to do with the medical and political agenda than one might initially think. According to various sources, these constructs are often created by the medical profession, which is rooted in the conservative aspect of American culture. This is reflected in articles about the Bush Sr. administration's attitude towards gay rights and AIDS activism, the quest for a perfect penis and the alleged importance of a perfectly hard man as well as the literature regarding 19th century sexual surgery on women. Evidence from these articles, and others, suggests that wealthy white men have manipulated ideas of gender and sexuality for their own interests by using the medical and political arenas."

Tags:gender, sexuality, politics

Abstract
The paper attempts to define strategic planning and illustrate how its key constructs and frameworks can be used effectively by built management organizations to increase their firms' competitive advantage while also increasing the potential for long-term growth and differentiation. The paper shows how, for a strategic plan to be effective, it needs to be based on an insightful analysis of the external environment of an organization, while at the same time defining future growth opportunities that capitalize on the organizations' strengths.

Outline:
Executive Summary
Challenges of Strategic Planning in the Built Environment Sector
Analysis of Strategic Planning Constructs, Frameworks and Models
Conclusion and Recommendations

From the Paper
"Critical to the development of a sustainable and scalable strategic planning practice in any organization is the defining of processes that provide useful information from both inside and outside the organization, in conjunction with more advanced processes for sensing and responding to market dynamics. In conjunction with the need to use a variety of analytical constructs and frameworks for continually monitoring market and competitive dynamics externally while augmenting and increasing competitive strengths internally, organizations often rely on strategic plans as the foundation for every functional area of their organizations' budget and growth. Setting strategic goals and objectives directly impacts how the Information Technologies (IT) plans are defined, how many project planners, foremen and specialty workers Human Resources will hire to support strategic projects, definition of how supply chain practices will be completed, and ultimately define the financial objectives for the entire organization."

Tags:Porter, competitive, forces, Five, Forces, Model, supply, chain, market, factors, organizational, culture

Abstract
What significantly distinguishes Shakespeare's tragic play, "King Lear", and Herman Melville's epic novel, "Moby Dick", can be traced to the historical constructs of "madness", which reflect their particular cultural contexts. Shakespeare, writing in the 15th century, was immersed with the ideological constructs of madness of his time. A complete "madness" analysis follows.

Abstract
This paper will discuss the use of the word "tolerance", in the contexts of understanding the history of sexuality, and how it is enmeshed with constructs of deviance. This paper will argue that while some state-level changes are being made with respect to the human rights of gays and lesbians, micro-social backlash continues to flourish. The ongoing struggle for equality and recognition for and of gays and lesbians is lodged in-between the legal and the moral codes of dominant society in such a way that while legal rights are implemented, moral panic is rising in relation to the changes being instituted.

Abstract
This paper describes commercial construction as "building projects exclusive of residential construction," and discusses commercial construction from both an economic point of view and from the point of view of the community. The paper discusses why commercial construction is a boon to the construction business, providing stable work even when residential construction is at a lull. The paper also discusses the complexities of managing commercial construction.

From the Paper
"Commercial construction is defined as "building projects exclusive of residential [single- or two-family home] construction". It is one of the biggest segments of the entire construction industry and is believed to have strengthened the industry in recent years due to rapid and steady growth. The commercial sector has been growing steady for some time now as is evident from market research and reports. Back in 2000, Sinderman wrote: "...the state of the commercial real estate market is strong. The demand for office, industrial and retail buildings remains high, and, as Internet-based companies continue to grow, specialized facilities have become more popular than ever." In 2005, a construction report by McGraw-Hill supported that claim: "The commercial and infrastructure construction segments are providing a lift to the overall construction industry, marking a role reversal from most of the past two or three years. According to October 2004 figures for future construction contracts calculated by McGraw-Hill Construction, Lexington, Mass., overall new construction starts increased 4 percent in October versus September (on a seasonally adjusted basis), with nonresidential and infrastructure construction gaining while the residential sector fell slightly." (Late Rebound)"

Tags:commercial, construction, residential, business, office, hotel

Abstract
This paper discusses green building construction and points out that this design saves energy as well as money. The paper explains that green building construction is vital and is a determinative of project success. The paper also explains that the individual needs to take the initiative in addressing construction design and development and associated costs as well as funding, marketing and sales. In addition, the paper tells us that green building construction holds great financial promise for the future. A graph of taxes by state is included with the paper.

Outline:
Objective
Introduction
Significance of study
Methodology
Literature Review
Findings and Conclusion

From the Paper
"The work of Andrew Meyerson (2005) entitled: "The Dollars and Cents of Green Construction" states that green construction and design can not only save energy but also can result in monetary savings in the areas of: (1) Tax breaks and rebates; (2) Lower construction costs; (3) Reduction or elimination of the need for heating and air-conditioning equipment and the associated costs of purchase, maintenance and electricity; (4) Reduction in energy and water bills by as much as fifty-percent; (5) Increase in labor productivity, retail customer sales and apartment rental prices; and (6) Protection of operating budgets from increases in energy prices. (Meyerson, 2005, p. 2) Meyerson relates that practically all states offer incentives in the form of reduction of taxes for construction that is friendly to the environment. (2005, p. 4) Additionally in green construction projects where a pre-existing structure is on the construction site, cost savings may be realized through reuse of as much of the existing structure as possible. Additionally, is it necessary to be aware of the attitudes that serve as drivers of the choice of clients to use the firm and added to this is the fact "that commercial 'green buildings' outperform their conventional counterparts across a wide variety of metrics, including energy savings, occupancy rates, sale price and rental rates, another very practical and often times overlooked data for improving the cash flow of the client is the "energy efficient commercial building tax deductions.""

Tags:green, building, construction, funding, marketing, save, money, energy

Abstract
Federal contracts for construction, while similar in many respects to other types of federal contracts, have some unique aspects that have caused the federal government to create a system of rules within the Federal Acquisition Regulation (FAR) specific to construction contracts. The federal government has been justified in creating these rules separate from those that apply specifically to supply and service contracts. This paper focuses on some of the unique rules and regulations that apply to federal construction contracts, including those related to contract types, labor laws, specifications, payments, delays, and differing site conditions.

Abstract
Overview
Contract Types
Federal Construction Contracting Laws
Contract Performance and Specifications
Payment Financing
Delays
Differing Site Conditions
References

From the Paper
"The federal government is the largest owner of real property in the world (Bastianelli, et. al., 1998), so it stands to reason that they spend an enormous amount of money on construction and maintenance of that property. It is difficult to gauge exactly how much the federal government spends on construction annually, but it is noteworthy that the Department of Defense alone planned to award over $10 billion on construction contracts in 2002 (Bush, 2001). Because of this significant amount of construction outsourcing, and the intricacies that go along with construction contracting, the federal government has been justified in developing unique regulations and rules for construction contracts. The federal government, in the Federal Acquisition Regulation (FAR), defines construction as, "construction, alteration, or repair (including dredging, excavating, and painting) of buildings, structures, or other real property" (FAR 2.101). Determining whether or not something is considered a building or a structure is general straightforward, although there are always exceptions. However, the line defining whether or not something is real property can, at times, be somewhat unclear. The FAR does not provide a definition for real property, but in federal contracts the common legal definition is used, that real property is, "land and all things that are attached to it" (Lectric Law Library, 2003). Though many of the clauses, terms and conditions, and rules applicable to federal construction contracts are the same, or similar, to those that are used on federal contracts for supplies, there are a number of differences in the nature of contracting for construction that have caused the federal government to create separate laws that deal specifically with federal construction contracts. One of the major differences is that construction contracts are performed on Government property. Because of this, construction contractors are subject to a great deal more in the area of inspections and general surveillance on their contracts (Abernathy and Kelleher, 1976). Construction contracts typically have much more paperwork than federal supply contracts. On construction contracts, a contractor is required to file daily reports showing that they complied with all the unique construction regulations, including safety, schedules, and submittals of material samples (Arnavas, 2001, 27.4.a.). Construction contracts are subject to much greater scrutiny on performance than supply contracts, as detailed analysis and explanation of any deficiencies are reported to contractors and contractors have the right to respond. Past performance information is also kept on construction contracts for six years, where the norm on supply contracts is three years (Arnavas, 2001, 27.4.a). Other differences that will be the focus of this paper include contract types, labor laws, specifications, payments, delays, and differing site conditions."

Tags:acquisition, architect, build, cfr, code, conditions, construction, contract, contracting, contracts, delays, design, differing, engineer, far, federal, laws, llabor, negotiation, payments, property, real, regulations, site, specifications, types

Abstract
This article looks at the role that information technology plays - or has the potential to play - in optimizing design and construction in the building of residences and structures within which private citizens and public employees will work and live. Specifically, the writer looks at how the pressures placed upon the shoulders of contractors and construction engineers have grown perceptibly in recent years - especially when the project in question is one contracted for the state - and the ways in which IT can mitigate these stresses by giving construction engineers, designers, contractors, sub-contractors and draftsmen (to name just a few) the opportunity for enhanced file-sharing, agile management, and a chance at developing a responsive iterative approach to building.

From the Paper
"The following paper will look at the role that information technology plays - or has the potential to play - in optimizing design and construction in the building of residences and structures within which private citizens and public employees will work and live. Specifically, the next several pages will look at how the pressures placed upon the shoulders of contractors and construction engineers have grown perceptibly in recent years - especially when the project in question is one contracted for the state - and the ways in which IT can mitigate these ..."

Tags:technology, information, construction