From the Paper
"This paper will discuss and critique the decision of the United States Supreme Court in Adarand Constructors v. Pena, where a majority of the Court held that strict scrutiny analysis must be applied to affirmative action programs implemented by the Federal government. The first part of the paper will briefly examine the history of judicial scrutiny of affirmative action programs. The second part of the paper will summarize the majority and dissenting opinions in Adarand. The third part of the paper will discuss how these opinions fit with previous decisions of the Court in this area.
The Adarand decision marked the acceptance by a bare majority of the Court of a uniformity of analysis under the Equal Protection Clause. Prior to this decision, a majority of the Court had clung..."

Abstract
Kiewit is a massive company in the construction sector with its presence in virtually every sector like transportation, power, water resources, mining, building, oil & gas, defense, telecom, electrical, marine and underground. It is capable of handling gigantic projects and completing them in record time and within budget. Kiewit maintains that quality occurs not by accident but it is the result of a well-formulated plan. Quality, Service and Teamwork are the three basic tenets to providing successful projects to its clients. The author shows how it is through adherence to these basic doctrines the company earned the reputation as the constructor of choice among the owners, the designers and that of the vendors.

From the Paper
"Success at Kiewit is due to the workforce brimming with the ability and desire to construct exciting & challenging projects. Because the company is employee owned, the assets are managed by those clients closest to the assignments. Majority of the executives have a long experience starting their careers as project engineers, superintendents and foremen. The company raises the employees to levels of higher responsibility basing on their proven competence. Due to this Forbes magazine described Kiewit as 'the ultimate meritocracy." (Culture and Values)"

Tags:quality, success

Abstract
Table of Contents

Introduction & Prerequisites
What are objects and classes?
Object Oriented Programming
Structured Programming and Reusable code
Real-world modeling
Example Walkthrough
C++ Class syntax
Writing a basic class
Syntax for creating objects
Class Members
Implementing class members into a C++ class
Accessing class members from a derived object
Data Encapsulation
Access specifiers
Class Functions
Implementing class functions into a C++ class
Accessing functions of an object
Constructors and Destructors
Revisiting encapsulation ? Accessor methods
Glossary

From the Paper
Part of what makes C++ such a powerful programming language is the concept of classes and objects. To fully utilize the power and reusability of C++, it is important to understand classes and objects. This document will discuss all of the basic concepts of C++ class understanding and implementation by breaking the process down into its individual concepts, and explaining each of them.

Tags:computer technology, object-oriented, c plus plus, cpp

Abstract
In this article, the writer discusses that the relationship between main contractor and subcontractor is one of the most significant issues facing the modern construction industry. Further, the writer relates that the lack of real cooperation is a major problem between main contractors and subcontractors. The writer notes that it is common for main contractors to complain that the subcontractors do not perform work on time, perform work improperly, or poorly, or in other ways contribute to undue cost overruns. The writer points out that the counter charge from subcontractors is that they are not paid incrementally as they should be, are not paid on schedule, or were not adequately informed of the specific needs or ultimate goals of the job. The writer concludes that with a true partnering arrangement, both main contractor and subcontractor feel that they are constructive parts of the process, not merely employer and employee.

Outline:
Introduction
Can the Subcontractor Handle the Job?
Design and Re-Design
Subcontractors' Financial Soundness
Partnering between Main Contractors and Subcontractors
Methodology
Study Participants
Survey Instrument
Purpose of the Study
Format of Study Results
Research Findings and Discussion
Issues and Sub problems
Issues and Sub problems from the Main Contractor's Perspective
Issues and Sub problems from the Subcontractor's Perspective
Discussion
Summary and Recommendations

From the Paper
"A first consideration involves the ability of potential subcontractors to handle the job for which they are applying. Handling the job means not only being able to perform the specific work required, but also whether the company is capable of handling the given project in addition to whatever other work it may be performing at the time, and whether its will be able to complete the work on schedule, in line with projected costs, and according to specifications. The selection of subcontractors within the construction industry is often highly personal. Main contractors feel that if the subcontractor is a known quantity - if the subcontractor possesses a good reputation - the subcontractor can be trusted to perform the work in an efficient and cost-effective manner. Presumably as well, a subcontractor with a good reputation is also one with whom it is possible to have a good working relationship i.e. one in which there will be ease of communication, ease of understanding, and so forth."

Tags:constructor, development, project, specifications