Abstract
This paper analyzes the view of constructivism on the military and strategic trends in the world today. It is structured around Christian Reus-Smit's proposition, that state military behaviors are characterized by its normative structures, identity and the mutually constitutive relationship between agents and structures.

From the Paper
"For roughly the last two decades, the studies of international relations have evolved around two great debates. One is between neorealism and neoliberalism, the successors of the longer debate between realism and liberalism. Both make up the rationalist theories, believing that states are still the most important actor that seeks to maximize their gains, and ignoring moral questions. By focusing on actors that are seen to interact with each other carrying a fixed set of preferences, rationalist theories have engaged in a narrow debate."

Tags:constructivism, international, liberalism, military, politics, rationalism, realism

Abstract
This paper proposes a research study on Security Assistance Officers, or SAOs, who are U.S. military members authorized and trained as diplomatic specialists and used by the United States to help foster security assistance relationships. The writer explains that SAOs tend to have diverse backgrounds and leadership capabilities that mesh with security assistance assignments. The paper defines key terms, and discusses many of the major challenges faced by SAOs, particularly those working in Cairo, Egypt. The paper provides the example that the ideas, behaviors, values, and norms between Americans and host nation counterparts can cause cultural friction, potentially isolating SAOs from the local community. The paper concludes that SAOs need the skills and wisdom to lead effectively in multicultural environments, and extensive development in global and cultural leadership is needed to improve the chances of success. This paper includes illustrative tables and figures.

Outline:
The General Nature of the Problem
Background
Statement of the Problem
Definition of Terms
Questions To Be Addressed:
Contribution to the Field of Organizational Leadership
Research Time Table
References
Appendix A

From the Paper
"Although the CCAI is a good tool for analyzing cultural competency, it does not cover every desired characteristic and behavior as identified in the body of literature. In particular, the CCAI lacks dimensions to measure the global/cultural characteristics of "cognitive skills", "engagement in personal transformation", "inquisitiveness", "cultural knowledge", "motivation to work in an international environment", "networking skills", "social judgment skills", and "social skills" (Jokinen et al, 2005). To supplement self-understanding of external perceptions by their foreign counterparts, and to evaluate dimensions not cover in the CCAI, qualitative research will be used."

Tags:rank, mentality, weapon, psychology

Abstract
In this article, the writer discusses the question of whether globalization makes the U.S. more secure economically and militarily and looks at related reasons. This work defines globalization in its original and realistic sense and then defends why the proposed security effect is stated as an answer to the original question in this study. The writer concludes that this study clearly demonstrates that the economic and military security of the United States has been greatly reduced due to the effects of globalization and that national security is no longer limited narrowly to considerations of national defense and the preparedness of the military. Further, the writer maintains that instead national security must also take into consideration international conditions of security necessary for the preservation and enhancement of economic prosperity in the U.S. in a manner that serves to enhance free trade. Several tables are included with the paper.

Outline:
Objective
Introduction
Globalization - What is it Really?
Globalization and the Impact to DOD
Economic Aspects of Globalization
Privatization
Globalization, Free Trade and National Security
Discussion
Conclusion

From the Paper
"Furthermore, globalization cannot be viewed as an option of policy but instead it is simply a given that must be adapted to by policymakers. Globalization's affect to defense is in two primary ways that overlap one another. The first of these is the composition of DOD's supporting industrial base being altered in a fundamental manner requiring that DOD reengineer its business and acquisition practices and secondly, globalization has resulted in the competitive environment both militarily and technologically to be reshaped. No longer is the industrial base of DOD one that is of the nature of a dedicated industrial base for developing, producing and providing services and equipments and this is because of large defense cuts since the late 1980s, an expansion in commercial sector high-tech R&D investment and technological advancement, a sustained acquisition reform effort on the part of DOD and a transition in emphasis on the procurement of weapons and platforms to information technology that is more sophisticated and that amplifies capabilities."

Tags:defense, international, capital, investment

Abstract
This paper discusses the history and use of private military corporations (PMCs), which are private organizations that provide services that have traditionally been relegated to state defense and security forces. The paper gives a general overview of private military corporations and then discusses a potential research study which will include a qualitative review of relevant literature.

Table of Contents:
General Overview
Identification of Relevant Literature
Key Research Questions
Methodology
Timeline

From the Paper
"Another key piece of literature that will be explored is former Secretary of Defense William Cohen's remarks on his Defense Reform Initiative. Just as businesses in a variety of industries have needed to change in order to remain competitive, in 1997, it was determined that the Department of Defense also must look at changes to be more competitive. There was a realization that the once state of the art American DoD systems were now antiquated when comparing them to the business practices of the corporate world. And, for those systems that were developed specifically for the defense industry, it became clear that many never were up to the best business practices standard of private industry."

Tags:security, defense, profit, conflict

Abstract
This case study examines the issues surrounding the influence, intervention, sanctions, and programs applied toward Indonesia support. Key to this study are the individual people, groups, and institutions surrounding the successes and failures in this assistance and the motivations, perceptions, and agendas involved.

Table of Contents
Introduction
History
Historical Overview of Indonesia and United States' National Security Interests
U.S. Military Assistance Prior to Sanctions and How Funding was Used
Sanctions
Aim
Objectives
The Informal Universe
Issue Leaders
Overview
Indonesia Players
Institutional Linkage
Human Rights Watch
Nike
United States Military Collaboration
Issue Clusters
Assessment
Appendix A
Appendix B
Bibliography

From the Paper
"According to the U.S. Department of State's Bureau of East Asian and Pacific Affairs , Indonesia is a strategic key to our National Security interests. Located strategically alongside several important international maritime crossroads, ingress to the United States from the sea must be managed from such strategic locations. The United States enjoys a reliable relationship with Indonesia at this time; playing a significant role in its independence and supporting its anti-communistic position during the Cold War has worked to repay our nation in 'cordial and cooperative relations' today. Jemaah Islamiyah - a terrorist organization - made its presence known to Indonesia during terrorist attacks on Bali (October 2002) and Jakarta (August 2003). Occurring so close to the United States attacks of September 11, 2001, the alliance - although not a formal treaty - has meaning and value to both countries."

Tags:diplomatic, state, department, national, security

Abstract
This study explores the degree to which "groupthink," as defined by Irving L. Janis in "Groupthink: The Desperate Drive for Consensus at Any Cost," proliferates small to medium-sized military organizations. The sample of the study is the employees and supervisors of a small division of the military. The research design of the work consists of a self-report survey of employees and supervisors in which they self-evaluate the degree to which 'groupthink' exists within their particular organization. The data analysis of the plan is a comparative evaluation of the responses of both employees and supervisors to evaluate the degree to which 'groupthink' is actually present.

Table of Contents
Abstract
Introduction
Definition of Terms
Review of Literature
Method
Data Collection Plan
Data Analysis Procedure
Limitations
Implications
Appendix
References

From the Paper
"The concept of "groupthink" has been applied to troubling group dynamics for many years and yet it is still one of the most prevalent problems with association to group failures and poor decision-making. When decisions are made within the context of cohesion that limits the input of the often-wise individual members of the group, and excludes the in-put of the out-group, groupthink is often the cause. (Chen, Lawson, Gordon & Mcintosh, 1996, p. 581) Logical intellectual consideration is often not even considered because of the false security of the groupthink dynamic and an idea of a need for consensus, real or otherwise, despite individual misgivings or unexplored alternatives. (Janis , 1971, p. 43) "

Tags:group, security, organization, plan

Abstract
The paper discusses how in recent decades, reforms in China have led to significant economic and military changes in the country; along the lines of economic developments, for instance, studies show that the Chinese economy has expanded at an annual growth rate of more than 9 percent. The paper then discusses how with respect to military developments, China has begun spending unprecedented amounts of money on building up that outpaces even the country's economic growth by more than 5 percent. The current study analyzes whether China is an economic or military threat to the United States. As is demonstrated, China does, in fact, pose a serious economic threat to the United States. At the present time, however, China does not represent as serious of a military threat.

From the Paper
"In recent decades, reforms in China have led to significant economic and military changes in the country. Along the lines of economic developments, for instance, studies show that the Chinese economy has expanded at an annual growth rate of more than 9 percent. More exactly, as one team of experts reports, since 1978, China's economy has expanded with annual growth of gross domestic product (GDP) averaging 9.4 percent (Devlin, Estevadeordal and Rodriguez-Clare 3). With respect to military..."

Tags:china, economics, military

Abstract
This is a study of the reasons why the force readiness of the U.S. Military was inadequate just prior to hostilities in Operation Just Cause and Desert Storm. It studies the role of the NCO in training front-line troops in each combat operation and the way in which analytical tools can be used to provide independent assessment of how effective those units were.

From the Paper
Thank you for purchasing a customized research paper from Essay Experts LLC. We strive to deliver to our customers the most accurate and up-to-date research each and every time we prepare a custom work. Your Writer ID: #922 Order ID: #C20681 Topic: Military Readiness in Operation Just Cause and Desert Storm Disclaimer: This document was written by one of our independently contracted writers. The writer who researched and composed this document is under contract with Essay Experts LLC to produce 100% custom written work each and every time he or she writes for us. This document should be

Tags:war, readiness, military

Abstract
It is important for military professionals to study military history in order to improve core skills in analysis, problem-solving, and motivation. An understanding of military history better prepares practitioners to comprehend the strategic scope of military situations, discover the relevant tactical solutions, and inspire soldiers into taking the proper actions at the proper time. While over-reliance on military history can condition the professional to lapse into past errors, or cause the professional to ignore the ways in which technology has rendered that history irrelevant, history cannot be credibly ignored by any military professional who wishes to have a firm foundation for his or her leadership skills.

From the Paper
Why Military Professionals Should Study Military History 1. Introduction It is important for military professionals to study military history in order to improve core skills in analysis, problem-solving, and motivation. An understanding of military history better prepares practitioners to comprehend the strategic scope of military situations, discover the relevant tactical solutions, and inspire soldiers into taking the proper actions at the proper time. While over-reliance on military history can condition the professional to lapse into past errors, or cause the professional to ignore the ways in which technology has rendered that

Tags:military, history, strategy

Abstract
This paper describes a research proposal that will investigate the perceived and actual value attached to the investment a business makes in security. The paper relates that one of the problems identified is that security is often seen as an expense that does not provide value that is concomitant with the investment. The paper then explains that the study will explore whether security investments provide comparable value and what can be done to provide the business professional with greater value in terms of a security investment. The paper also describes the businesses that will be examined in the study, as well as the methodology to be used and the estimated timetable for the study.

Outline:
Area of Interest and Problem/Phenomenon to be Studied
Questions and Hypotheses
Locating the Problem/Phenomenon in the Literature
Ethics and Methodology
Proposed Sections and Envisaged Timetable

From the Paper
"The main hypothesis that will underscore this research relates to the fact that businesses do not appear to be positive towards security investments. Apparently the general viewpoint is that security investments do not deliver true value and these are therefore regarded as an unwelcome infringement upon the profit margin. The reasons for this view will be investigated.
Another angle for the research relates to how value can be added to security services. An interesting factor is that security professionals themselves often concur with the view that the value they provide seldom merits the investment required for security management services. The reasons for this will also be investigated, as well as whether anything can be done to improve the situation.
"

Tags:security, value, business, research