Abstract
This paper examines and analyzes the use of constructive criticism in the communication process. The paper first defines constructive criticism and then discusses its proper use and its effects on both the communication processes and interpersonal relationships.

From the Paper
"Levy and Williams state that feedback is essential to good performance and effective learning, however, the authors also note that this feedback must be delivered in the form of constructive criticism if it is to generate task improvement and learning and not defensiveness. The purpose of this paper is to examine constructive criticism in communication. The paper first defines constructive criticism and then discusses its proper use and its effects on both communication processes and relationships. Definition: Tingley has made the point that constructive criticism should really..."

Tags:constructive criticism, communication

Abstract
This paper evaluates hospital discharge procedures. The author cites a number of empirical research studies which look at caregiver and patient attitudes toward discharge practices. The author also discusses the legal, moral and procedural considerations a hospital must take in determining its discharge plan. The paper concludes that while systematization is important, flexibility is also crucial to ensure that the individual patient's needs are met.

From the Paper
"There have been a number of studies concerned with the issue of patient discharge practices. Studies on decision making in discharge planning have investigated patient participation (Coulton, Dunkle, Chow, Haug, & Vielhaber, 1988; Coulton, Dunkle, Goode, & MacKintosh, 1982) and social workers' perceptions of patient participation (Abrahamson, 1988). To date, no studies have conceptualized discharge planning as a social process of small-group decision-making by elderly patients, family caregivers, and discharge planners. Participants' perceptions of the process are unknown."

Tags:patient, doctor, nurse, administration, nursing, home, ill, treatment

Abstract
The paper presents the seven step discharge policy and practice for newborns. It reviews current issues along with a historical perspective in terms of hospital discharge practices for mothers and newborns. The seven step method is expounded upon very thoroughly along with all the factors necessary for implementation.

From the Paper
"America has a highly developed health care system, which is available to all the people whether through individual pay or through program affiliation. Although it can be very complex and frustrating at times it has come a long way from the health care organizations of the decades before. Previously most health care facilities were a place where the sick were housed and cared for until death. Physicians rarely practiced in hospitals and only those who were fortunate could afford proper care at home or in private clinics. Today the level of health care has excelled tremendously. Presently the goal of our health care is to have a continuum of care for the patient, one which is integrated on all levels. Many hospitals offer a referral service or discharge plan to patients who are being discharged. Plans for the patient are discussed with a discharge planner."

Tags:newborn, hospitaldischarge, 7steps

Abstract
The paper relates that discharge permits, in general, are regulatory documents that are issued to industries and businesses by varying levels of governments that prescribe environmental practices and outline requirements for the emission of pollutants, the treatment of wastewater, and the quality of effluent. The paper explains that these permits include rubrics outlining standards for the monitoring of discharges and both business and government's role in reporting.

From the Paper
"Discharge permits, in general, are regulatory documents that are issued to industries and businesses by varying levels of governments that prescribe environmental practices and outline requirements for the emission of pollutants, the treatment of wastewater, and the quality of effluent. These permits include rubrics outlining standards for the monitoring of discharges and both business and government's role in reporting. Transferable discharge permits, on the other hand, allow businesses to sell and trade these documents, which gives businesses the ability to..."

Tags:environment, business, permits

Abstract
This paper discusses the doctrine of constructive resignation in the context of employment law or employment relationship. In particular, it attempts to address whether this doctrine should be introduced or sustained in employment law in Malawi. The paper proceeds on the premise that in Malawian employment law - statutory or case law- the doctrine of constructive resignation is not provided for. It is, however, recognized and applied in other jurisdictions namely, Unites States, Canada, United Kingdom and Philippines. This paper concludes with the recommendation that the doctrine be introduced in Malawi, although with necessary modifications to suit the employment situation and the right to fair labour practices.

Outline:
Acknowledgement
Preface
Table of Contents
List of Abbreviations
List of Cases
Chapter One
Introduction
Background of the Study
Statement of Problem
Objectives
Methodology
Lay Out of the Essay
Chapter Two
The Employment Relationship
Introduction
The Contract of Employment
Identifying the Contract of Employment
Employment Relationship
Nature of Employment Relationship
Terms, Conditions, Rights and Duties
Conclusion
Chapter Three
Termination of Employment
Introduction
Termination by Employer
Fair Dismissal
Lawful Dismissal
Termination by Employee
Rights Relating To Termination Of Employment
Conclusion
Chapter Four
The Doctrine of Constructive Resignation
Introduction
The English Doctrine of Constructive Resignation
Statement of the Doctrine
Theoretical Basis
The "Elective Theory"
The "Automatic Theory"
Elements of the Doctrine
Conduct
Fundamental or Repudiatory Breach
Self-Dismissal as the Result of Prior Agreement
The United States Doctrine of Constructive Resignation
Conclusion
Chapter Five
Should The Doctrine Of Constructive Resignation Be Introduced Or Sustained?
Introduction
The English Doctrine of Constructive Resignation
The United States Doctrine of Constructive Resignation
Conclusion
Chapter Six
Conclusion

From the Paper
"Of late, it has been in issue whether one can or has constructively resigned10. This is in issue in Malawi and other jurisdictions. The doctrine of constructive resignation is to the effect that if the conduct of the employee amounts to a repudiation or a fundamental breach of the contract of employment the said conduct automatically terminates the contract, in which case it is the employee rather than the employer who will be deemed to have terminated it. The employer is entitled to dismiss him even without hearing him. He may as well say: "he sacked himself"11. In Malawi there is no statutory doctrine of constructive resignation, and apparently there is currently no case which has said the doctrine is applicable in our employment law."

Tags:dismisal, labor, contract, jurisdiction

Abstract
In this article, the writer focuses on the development of an overall constructive framework encompassing the principles of constructivism and therapeutic approaches that amounts to a comprehensive framework. The paper provides for methods like basic centering techniques, problem solving, basic behavioral and cognitive techniques, pattern work, basic process work, meditation and embodiment, drama, fantasy and dream work. Stream of consciousness, self-relationship as well as spiritual skills is also captured. The writer notes that counseling helps employees to solve personal problems that affect work performance. The writer discusses that constructive psychotherapy is based on five fundamental themes that form the framework to be used by constructive counselors in the counseling process.

Outline:
Abstract
Constructive Framework
Meaning Making and Order
Core Ordering Process
Conclusion

From the Paper
"A counselor employing constructivism principle should be more open minded in carrying out career counseling because effective counseling based on this principle requires that different methods like problem solving and behavioral and cognitive techniques are interchanged and used together to give the desired results. This eliminates total reliance in a step by step model of career counseling in constructive framework. Self awareness in a client increases the possibility of meaning making. Human psychological processes can have a direct bearing and in the kind of life they live and how they perceive life in general. In this constructive framework, distressful experiences are positively perceived as a factor that stimulates an individual to reflect back on ideas, thoughts and experiences hence contributing to meaning making. Constructive psychotherapy is about helping the client in constructing and deconstructing the skills that are inherent in the client by employing various psychotherapeutic approaches during the process. In this constructivist framework, various relaxation techniques should be adopted."

Tags:relationship, change, experience, self-organizing, principles

Abstract
This paper argues that ASEAN's (Association of Southeast Asian Nations) constructive engagement has failed to meet its goals of the development of Myanmar's human rights conditions, the minimization of Chinese influence in Myanmar and the enhancement of regional cooperation among Southeast Asian nations. It also investigates the impact of constructive engagement on ASEAN's standing in international politics.

From the Paper
"Beyond the superficial endorsement of human rights, rationale behind constructive engagement was more complex and pragmatic. As argued by Carey, a policy that from the outset was meant to benefit ASEAN's members first and foremost. The main motives for constructive engagement can be divided into political factors and economic factors. The major political factor in the implementation of constructive engagement was ASEAN's desire to counteract the influence of the People's Republic of China in Myanmar and to deter Myanmar from becoming China's ally. Initially, ASEAN was established as a barrier against communism in Southeast Asia. After Vietnam attained ASEAN's membership in 1995, ASEAN's policy gradually shifted to preventing Chinese hegemony in Southeast Asia."

Tags:asia, burma, communism, human, rights, suu, thailand

Abstract
The paper explains that it is not important to avoid conflict, but to deal with it constructively. The paper illustrates how a destructive conflict harms the relationship between the parties while a productive conflict leaves both parties satisfied with the result and cooperating with each other.

From the Paper
"Because everyone is coming from a different place and no two people are exactly alike, conflict is an inevitable part of life. Conflict is not in itself a bad thing. It helps us to define who we really are and sharpens our sense of what really matters. A life with no conflict would be like a landscape with no color--kind of blah. And if we are unwilling to fight for what we want or need, we will often experience lack of fulfillment. What's important, then, is not to avoid conflict but to deal with it constructively."

Tags:cooperation, relationship, empathy

Abstract
With regard to Mrs. Rosa, I am confronted with an ethical dilemma with little time to consider the situation. The dilemma involves sending Mrs. Rosa to a nursing which has a vacancy or keeping her at the hospital for an indefinite period. My position is that the patient should remain on the surgical unit until a suitable vacancy or other alternative is found. The manager of the surgical unit has one main argument to justify home care for the patient and it is based in justice. I understand her justice perspective but I also observe harms in discharge to nursing home care. There are several benefits in keeping Mrs. Rosa in hospital but there are harms in that as well. In order to construct a strong argument, I will use deontology, utilitarianism, and virtue ethics because each perspective allows me to assess the situation in a different way.

From the Paper
CASE 2 With regard to Mrs. Rosa, I am confronted with an ethical dilemma with little time to consider the situation. The dilemma involves sending Mrs. Rosa to a nursing which has a vacancy or keeping her at the hospital for an indefinite period. My position is that the patient should remain on the surgical unit until a suitable vacancy or other alternative is found. The manager of the surgical unit has one main argument to justify home care for the patient and it is based in justice. I understand her justice perspective but I also observe harms in discharge to nursing home care. There are several benefits in keeping Mrs. Rosa in hospital but there are

Tags:nursing, ethics, dilemma

Abstract
This is a review of an internet article entitled "How to Reduce the Chances of Being Sued for Wrongful Termination." It includes a review of the internet article as well as an interview with a human resources manager regarding her comments about the contents of the article.

From the Paper
"This article reminds employers that any employee can sue a former employee for wrongful termination including employees who voluntarily resigned under the legal theory ..."

Tags:termination, wrongful termiation, interview, HR, human resources, constructive discharge, preventing lawsuits, reducing errors, employee violence, firing, layoff, reduction in force, downsizing