Abstract
This paper explains that activities of subordinates in organizations can be characterized by a non-negligible autonomy, manifested in the fact that the individual's activities have their own motives and, similarly, their own alternatives. The author points out that the interdependence between superiors and subordinates is considerable: The former can exert limited influence on the subordinates because their knowledge about their activities and motives is insufficient, their means to intervene are limited and the results to be expected cannot be exactly anticipated and estimated. The paper concludes that, since it is difficult to reduce inter-group conflict once it has developed, it is desirable to prevent its occurrence in the first place; therefore, the management at Panergo Constructions SRL (1) should emphasize the contributions to total goals rather than the accomplishment of subgroup goals, (2) should attempt to increase the frequency of communication and interaction between groups and develop a reward system for groups who help each other and (3) whenever possible, individuals should be given experiences in a wide range of departments to broaden their base for empathy and understanding of inter-group problems. Charts.

Table of Contents
Internal Conflict at Panergo Constructions SRL
Employees' Motivations
Conflict Causes
What do Workers Want from their Jobs?
Internal Conflict
Inter-Group Conflict
Preventing Inter-Group Conflict
Conflict Resolution
Managers with Personality
Dispute Prevention
Example
Brief Introduction
Actors Presentation
Motives for Future Conflict
Conflicts Begin
The Key Moment of the Conflict
Conflict Framework
Michael's Point of View
Luke's Point of View
Company's Point of View
Conflict
A Complaint is Made
Conflict Resolution

From the Paper
"Most adults spend a lot of their time working. They wake up in the morning, go to work and then meet their family home in the evening. No matter if we are talking about workers, supervisors, economists, jurists, managers or Chief Officers. We are part of a culture that has a deep-rooted belief in achievement through ambition, energy, and perseverance. At the heart of this ideology is the assumption that people can find satisfaction in work. There is also the payment aspect which is important but with a limit. The worse part is when some people become a person-type known as "workaholic"."

Tags:workaholics, motivations, negotiation, prevention, empathy

Abstract
This paper reviews and discusses construction grammar. According to the paper, construction grammar (CxG) is a usage-based framework, and it endeavors to treat all types of expressions as equally central to capturing grammatical patterning.

Outline:
Fillmore's approach to Construction Grammar
More cognitive approaches to Construction Grammar
Towards a "Fluid" Construction Grammar

From the Paper
"A. Radical Construction Grammar (Croft): all constructions are language-specific; all categories are defined by constructions; constructions are the primitive units of language. This kind of CxG takes into account cross-linguistic factors, dealing with the internal structure of constructions. Radical CxG is non-reductionist: constructions are not derived from their parts, but the parts are derived from the constructions. Radical CxG is opposed to the idea that syntactic categories, roles, and relations are universal. Moreover, they are not only language-specific, but also construction-specific. Instead of syntactic relations, Radical CxG rather talks about semantic relations. Indeed, it is closely related to cognitive linguistics."

Tags:language, complex, patterns, symbolic, units, signs, syntax

Abstract
This paper discusses the ways in which the films "Finding Nemo" and "Whale Rider" construct particular notions of American childhood. The paper argues that these films suggest that children should be allowed to be independent to strengthen their character and be allowed some freedom to play and enjoy being a child. Supportive evidence from sociology, psychology, and cultural studies is used in this paper.

From the Paper
"The 2003 Disney animated feature film, "Finding Nemo", seems a simple enough movie on the surface. It is about the search for a young fish by his father after having been taken from the ocean by an Australian dentist/scuba diver as a gift for his niece. Like most Disney animated films, however, Finding Nemo can be considered beyond its role as an hour and a half-long visual spectacle of entertainment. Indeed, Finding Nemo can be seen as a narrative of American child rearing that advocates a middle-of-the-road approach; the moral of the film suggests that children..."

Tags:film, american, childhood

Abstract
In this article, the writer examines the poem "Last Ink" by Michael Ondaatje. The writer discusses that this poem shares with Ondaatje's other works a sensual luminosity with regard to experience that is conveyed through characteristic metaphorical and syntactical constructions.

From the Paper
"Michael Ondaatje's "Last Ink" is a poem that is resonant of the author's poetic and fictional preoccupations across much of his career. As this essay will argue, through a close reading of the text as informed by scholarly criticism of the author and his poetics, the "Last Ink" ..."

Tags:literature

Abstract
This paper explores the theme of make-believe reality in Julian Barnes' "England, England," which is presented through the character of Martha. The question posed is whether there even is such a thing as objective reality, and whether, if there is, it can satisfy anyone, and the conclusion appears to be that people ultimately prefer a constructed reality.

From the Paper
"At the beginning of the novel, Barnes sets up the idea that reality, as people think of it, is constructed. Martha reasons: "If a memory wasn't a thing but a memory of a memory of a memory, mirrors set in parallel, then what the brain told you now about what it claimed had happened then would be colored by what had happened in between" (6). She continues by reasoning that "an element of propaganda, of sales and marketing, always intervened between the inner and the outer person" (7). While a person may claim that he/she remembers something clearly, he/she has actually filtered and changed around the memory, infusing it with an element of make-believe."

Tags:artificial, make-believe, booker, fantasy, martha, novel, paul

Abstract
This paper describes Critical Path Method (CPM) and program evaluation and review technique (PERT), which were early constructions scheduling systems. The paper first examines just-in-time (JIT) resource delivery, the principles of lean construction, the theory of constraints, critical chain management and relationship driven CPM (RD-CPM). The paper then summarizes the principles of lean thinking, such as the reduction of cycle thinking and of variability, and the application of theory of constraint processes to project scheduling, such as identifying the system's constraint.

Table of Contents:
Introduction: A History of Modern Construction Scheduling
Just-In-Time Resource Delivery
Henry Ford
Toyota
Manufacturing
Construction
Lean Construction
Theory of Constraints and Critical Chain Management
Relationship Driven CPM

From the Paper
"One of the greatest benefits of JIT in manufacturing is that it forces reduction in flow variation, therefore contributing to continuous and ongoing improvement. Can this method be applied to construction? In manufacturing, the call for flexibility arises from a likely difference between the actual and forecast demand. As many products are being manufactured, it is crucial to minimize production time. In the case of industrial construction however, there is only one product being manufactured: the production facility itself."

Tags:pert/cpm weaknesses ford toyota, graphical interface

Abstract
The paper begins with a brief introduction utilizing an old saying. It continues into the construction of gender that Vladimir Nabokov portrays throughout the novel, "Lolita". The paper peers into Humbert's and Quilty's respective constructions initially and later in the novel. This paper was from a postmodernist perspective.

From the Paper
"In the novel Lolita by Vladimir Nabokov, Butler's theory of self-construction applies magnificently to the novel's construction of gender. Throughout the novel, masculinity and femininity are constructed, deconstructed, and rebuilt by the actions of the protagonist, Humbert, in order to better facilitate his changing goals and desires. Consequently, one learns that gender's only constant facet is change."

Tags:Beardsley, masculinity

Abstract
This paper discusses how the theoretical constructions of the child and of childhood have both changed significantly over time. In particular, It looks at a brief short story, "The Orange-Man, or the Honest Boy and the Thief," by Maria Edgeworth, penned in the late eighteenth century, that captures the optimism many elites felt about the prospects of children being molded into good citizens through instruction rather than through fear and recrimination.

From the Paper
"The construction of childhood and of the child has certainly changed over time. Harry Hendrick writes that children prior to the late seventeenth century were universally - more or less - perceived as being the inheritors of original sin; after about that point, perhaps because of the influential work of John Locke, the notion began to emerge that children were really "blank slates" who could be molded into either something good or something ill. In "The Orange-Man, or the Honest Boy and the Thief" we are confronted with a didactic tale in which a boy who is honest is lavishly rewarded by a grateful orange-man with (unsurprisingly) oranges while a thieving boy receives nothing for his trouble (Edgeworth, 165). "

Tags:morals, orange-man, maria, edgeworth

Abstract
This paper reviews the subject of the potential conflict between Islam and the West. The paper argues that conflict is largely manufactured.

Tags:islam, west, conflict

Abstract
This paper examines how both Daly and Blume's novels present an essentially similar framework for the female protagonist to define herself and how the question of the female's sexuality becomes the main conduit of self-definition open to her, a way to define her new independence. It looks at how for Daly, her main character is not actively sexual, Angie's decision to date over the summer-more than any other decision during her previous four years of high school, her future college career, and current intellectual accomplishments-becomes the defining moment of Angie's life. In comparison, it shows how for Blume, sexuality becomes a kind of proving ground for her main character's individuality and how Catherine's discretion about making the jump into sexuality will change things, in the words of the title, forever.

From the Paper
"Maureen Daly's world of Seventeenth Summer could not seem farther away from Blume's world of sexually open teens. Daly's central character is a virgin, almost unaware of her sexual desire. Angie is charmed when a boy tells her that the wind looks nice blowing through her hair, although he makes no real reference to the rest of her physical body. Although the books take place in roughly the same place in time in the narrator's lives, in the summer between high school and college for Daly's main character, and during the senior year of high school for Blume's central female protagonist , the two books initially seem to be from different planets-Daly's teens say 'Gee whiz,' and worry constantly about what the parents of their significant others will say. "

Tags:sexuality, catherine, virgin, angie