Abstract
This paper answers the following question: To what extent do you think "mental illness" is a social construct? In other words, to what extent do societal norms (as opposed to medical science) define mental illness and wellness?

From the Paper
"This paper answers the following question: To what extent do you think mental illness is a social construct? In other words, to what extent do societal norms, as opposed to medical science, define mental illness and wellness? As noted by Dixit, there can be little doubt that the concept of 'mental illness' is closely related to the values of society and to sociocultural knowledge, it is for this reason that ideas about who is mentally ill and how to treat them differ..."

Tags:'mental illness', 'social construct'

Abstract
This paper explains that the perceived differences and similarities among human beings are linked to their social setting. The author points out that human beings over the course of their lives become accustomed to the company, appearance and behavior of those people around them; therefore, when people encounter atypical individuals or groups, they immediately identify these differences and react to them. The paper suggests that, within the U.S. society of increasing cultural diversity as well as human biodiversity, accepting and appreciating differences may well be more beneficial to the whole than seeking widespread conformity.

From the Paper
"Thus, conceiving of man as "everyman" would be to categorically ignore what binds him to other human beings--his culture. In anthropology, there is no single term to blanket all of humanity under a single cultural norm, moral maxim, or physical characteristic. Differences in human beings may be nearly continuous--forming a spectrum of what it is to be human--so biological or purely mental divisions between people along the lines of race, or animals along the lines of species, must be arbitrary."

Tags:atypical capitalism everyman spectrum, cultural heritage

Abstract
The paper discusses the principles of totemism and the tenets of an objective realization of science, and explains how Durkheim argues against the compatibility of science and religion. The paper further relates that although the symbolic beliefs of early cultures may have been important for uniting people together, they are all invariably associated with something that can be measured and materialized-via science.

Tags:social, symbol, religion

Abstract
This paper states that both the Cold War and the present-day War on Terror doctrines are excellent examples of a "good-versus-evil" paradigm that paints U.S. international affairs in unsophisticated shades of black and white. The author points out that the Bush doctrine is wholly committed to pre-empting terror and not merely interested in containing it as in the Truman Cold War doctrine. The paper concludes that both approaches call for a vigilant and aggressive America that seeks to advance its own security wherever it is deemed necessary.

From the Paper
"In many respects, it may be said that the Truman Doctrine began the "policy of containment" whereby the United States would aggressively confront any expansion of communism outside of the USSR and Eastern Europe. By comparison, the Bush Doctrine - while it would certainly seem amenable to offering military and financial support to foreign countries that are genuinely eager to engage the terrorist threat - is much more about pre-emption than about containment."

Tags:pre-emption, containment, zero-sum, militant, ideology

Abstract
This paper explains that one of the first things to consider in putting together a PC system is the computer's intended use, which will influence the choice of power supply, CPU and motherboard. The author points out that, after assembling the components, it's almost time to start the build; however, there are a few simple safe practice guidelines such as wear an anti-static band around your wrist to eliminate the threat of "frying" your drive, motherboard, CPU and other sensitive components because of static electricity build-up. The paper instructs that, if the computer does not begin to install the operating system from the CD drive, the builder might need to get into the BIOS to set it to read from the CD.

Table of Contents
Introduction
The Components
We are Ready to Start our Assembly!
The Steps
Installing the System Software
Congratulations. You Have Just Built Your First PC!
Addendum

From the Paper
"3. Carefully take out the motherboard from its antistatic bag and match up the holes in the board to the holes on the case. Then add the plastic stand-offs (supplied) to those holes. At this time, also make sure that the rear of the motherboard matches the bracket at rear of case. If not, remove case bracket and replace with compatible bracket which will have been supplied by motherboard manufacturer. Before fixing the motherboard to the case, it is easier to attach the CPU and fan assembly to the motherboard first."

Tags:static-electricity, use, motherboard, tools, heat-sink

Abstract
This paper discusses the ways in which the films "Finding Nemo" and "Whale Rider" construct particular notions of American childhood. The paper argues that these films suggest that children should be allowed to be independent to strengthen their character and be allowed some freedom to play and enjoy being a child. Supportive evidence from sociology, psychology, and cultural studies is used in this paper.

From the Paper
"The 2003 Disney animated feature film, "Finding Nemo", seems a simple enough movie on the surface. It is about the search for a young fish by his father after having been taken from the ocean by an Australian dentist/scuba diver as a gift for his niece. Like most Disney animated films, however, Finding Nemo can be considered beyond its role as an hour and a half-long visual spectacle of entertainment. Indeed, Finding Nemo can be seen as a narrative of American child rearing that advocates a middle-of-the-road approach; the moral of the film suggests that children..."

Tags:film, american, childhood

Abstract
This paper discusses the prevalence of racism in American culture, historically and currently. Capitalism, in the writer's view, is the source of racism as well as other kinds of inequality. The writer cites Karl Marx's theories on the relationship between capitalism and alienation, and explains how a Marxist would answer the question of why the average person not benefiting from the capitalist system could still be a racist. The writer questions the effectiveness of affirmative action policies in promoting equality, and concludes with the opinion that a good start to a "color blind" society might be made if America were to move far to the left economically, socially and politically, and become a social democracy.

From the Paper
"Capitalism promotes inequality because there is only so far that one can go up without pushing somebody else down along the way. The simplest way for a capitalist to maximize profits is to have high productivity and keep costs low. The biggest expense for the capitalist is the cost of labor. The cost of labor can be controlled by controlling the worker. There are many ways that the capitalist can control the worker that show the relationship between capitalism and racism. One example that Johnson uses in his book is that the capitalist could coerce a white worker to accept lower wages by threatening to replace them with cheaper black labor. This certainly shows how continued inequality among races could be advantageous for the capitalist. The idea is that if attention can be kept on race relations, then nobody, white or black, will realize that they are in it together and that they are all oppressed by the upper class."

Tags:Christian, intolerance, slavery, socialist, discrimination, communist, limitation, utopia

Abstract
The paper examines the history of Penguin Group, starting with the growth of its parent company, S. Pearson and Son, in the 19th century. The paper examines several companies within the group, and focuses on the changes since the mid 1990s. It gives quotes from and examples of actions by members of management from various of these companies to show how they determine what content to market. In conclusion, the paper finds that Penguin makes genre in order to make money.

From the Paper
"More people are buying more books than ever before. The global market for English language consumer books is currently valued at around $20bn a year. And it is set to grow by around 4% per year over the next five years. Book production is geared by the resulting statistics of what is selling and what isn't. The more a book sells, the more it is printed and distributed. If Penguin finds itself with a high-selling author, they will promote that author to the readers, who, in turn, will probably buy more books by that author and therefore triggering the printing and distribution process for that book. But today Penguin Group is looking to capitalize on the changing nature of consumer publishing to grow faster than the market as a whole."

Tags:Pearson, Lynton, Gadney, Buckingham, Clarke

Abstract
This paper describes the history of race as a distinctly Western idea. Through this process, the writer shows how and when the concept of "race" was invented or socially constructed. It then emphasizes the point that race has no biological reality by focusing on genetics and human variation, among other factors that repudiate the notion that race is biologically real. Finally, it looks at how the concept of race is, indeed, as Hacking states, "quite bad as it is," and puts forth a new archetype, one that does away with the concept of race altogether and focuses on the uniqueness of individual human beings.

From the Paper
"What does it mean to say that race is "socially constructed"? In fact, what do we mean when we say that anything is socially constructed? Ian Hacking, after researching many books on social construction, stated that in order for something - he called it "X" - to be socially constructed, it must adhere to the following two premises: (0) In the present state of affairs, X is taken for granted; X appears to be inevitable. (1) X need not have existed, or need not be at all as it is. X, or X as it is at present, is not determined by the nature of things; it is not inevitable. Hacking goes on to state that these next two claims are also usually, though not always, implied by the use of the phrase "social construction": (2) X is quite bad as it is. (3) We would be much better off if X were done away with, or at least radically transformed."

Tags:construction, race, racism, social

Abstract
This paper discusses law constituting gender identity in relation to women's bodies. The paper notes that feminists maintain that differences between men and women are not the result of biology but of social construction. Law reform projects play a role in the effects that are produced by social construction but, according to Frug (1990), do not appear to be actually responsible for that construction. Where the law plays a role is in the production of gender differences that seem to be natural. The paper concludes that it is through law that differences between the sexes are established in a disguised manner as being basic to the person's identity.

From the Paper
"One instance of law constituting gender identity is discussed by Frug (1990) in relation to women's bodies. Feminists maintain that differences between men and women are not the result of biology but of social construction. Law reform projects play a role in the effects that are produced by social construction but, according to Frug (1990), do not appear to be actually responsible for that construction. Where the law plays a role is in the production of gender differences that seem to be natural. It is through law that differences between the sexes are ..."

Tags:Frug, difference, sexual, identity, biology