Abstract
This research paper analyzes the architectural and societal constituents of Frank Lloyd Wright's seminal 'Prairie Style' houses, built between 1893 and 1909. It discusses his social and historical roots in rural Wisconsin, his apprenticeship to Louis Sullivan and his rise as a talented independent young architect in Chicago. The writer discusses that the interplay of dynamic social forces, and architectural forms enabled Wright to synthesize an iconic new domestic vocabulary, which is still influential today.

From the Paper
"Frank Lloyd Wright, always a great showman and popularizer of his own architectural works, did nothing to discourage the legends and mythology surrounding their creation. From his writings, one can easily draw the implication that they sprang "sui generous", germinating in some kind of virgin birth from the mind and spirit of the great master himself. In fact, all of his brilliant innovative works, including his extraordinary Prairie Style houses, are built on a foundation that came before. They are the logical result of antecedents found in the architectural environment ..."

Tags:wright, prairie, architecture

Abstract
This essay discusses the various types of constituency a legislative body has in American politics. The author draws appropriately upon readings and contemporary political events to develop the theme.

Tags:legislative, constituency

Abstract
The paper relates that in the fall of 2008, Congress was called upon to pass legislation to address what many consider one of the worst financial crises in United States history, and while one would hope the current crisis represents a rare event for the American taxpayer, unfortunately, it has been scarcely more than twenty years since the so-called savings and loan crisis of the 1980s. In light of these two historical events, the paper examines how the congressional response to the current crisis compares with the response to the savings and loan debacle of the 1980's. Specifically, the current study discusses the backgrounds to each of these cases and how the political dynamics influenced the legislation produced by congress to address them. Emphasis is placed on the constituency concerns of members of congress and how these affected their ability to work together collectively to take action at a critical time.

From the Paper
"In the fall of 2008, congress was called upon to pass legislation to address what many consider one of the worst financial crises in United States history. And while one would hope the current crisis represents a rare event for the American taxpayer, unfortunately, it has been scarcely more than twenty years since the so-called savings and loan crisis of the 1980s. In light of these two historical events, the following report..."

Tags:s&l crisis, subprime crisis, financial crisis

Abstract
The paper relates that Frank Lloyd Wright is recognized as one of the most prominent and influential architects in American design. The paper focuses on his characteristic "prairie style" designs. The paper explains that, while Wright's work tends to be praised as unique, this assumption tends to discard the influences on Wright from antecedents found within other aspects of American design and architecture. The paper looks at how Wright in turn helped establish a legacy in design.

From the Paper
"Wright had established himself as a prominent architect in the late 1890s, and frequently accepted commissions for buildings that were purposefully selected to test his skills and to promote specific outcomes. While still in his infancy as a designer, the prairie style home was built at the request of the Ladies' Home Journal, a popular magazine that had sought out Wright and commissioned a home design. The Journal asked Wright to envision and execute the home of the future, one in which the resident would feel comfortable yet stylish. Prior to this, the Journal believed that the majority of American homes could either have one or the other; a dwelling that was clean and comfortable was quite frequently an eyesore, while the ostentatious homes of the wealthy were not conducive to the comfort of its inhabitants."

Tags:architect, home, design, suburb, landscape, aesthetics, construction, materials

Abstract
This paper explains that, by deploying positive public relations strategies within the organization itself, employees, who are often its most effective marketers to the outside world, are encouraged to spread the word about the organization to friends, family, potential consumers, and stockholders. The author points out that an effective internal public relations campaign can help build credibility, manage risks from unhappy employees, and establish a reputation of a positive and up-and-coming company through positive word-of-mouth, which drives sales figures upward. The paper stresses that the first step to positive internal public relations is to create a corporate community by showing an interest in the employee's family life and life outside of his or her immediate job responsibilities.

From the Paper
"Coca-Cola didn't want to scare its own staff and financial analysts about the company's performance and cause a panic for the organization, which would only hurt employees as well as stockholders and CEOs in the end, if profits began to decline in the short term. But "if you're not Coke," warns the public relations company Makovsky and Company, this could create an atmosphere of secrecy and mistrust. If you don't provide guidance through consistent internal memos and newsletters, then quarterly financial statements must be more detailed to avoid outside and inside scrutiny that could be more costly in the end."

Tags:employee, strategies, coca-cola, family, word-of-mouth

Abstract
This paper introduces the topic of corporations' spending to influence political campaigns and specifically discusses why they should be prohibited from doing so. It looks at how these corporations are able pick and choose where they exert their power and how most of them contribute the maximum amount allowable by law to political campaigns. It argues that these contributions, known as "soft money" in the political world, should be prohibited because they go against the meaning of the U.S. Constitution and because they influence the candidates in ways that often do not benefit their constituents. Political contributions from large corporations are not the American way, and they should be banned entirely to add integrity back into the election process.

From the Paper
"There are numerous reasons why these continuing political contributions should be stopped. First, they are completely out of control, and are defining the way candidates run for office in our country. Political campaigns of past eras were shorter, and much less expensive. Today, campaigns seem to last forever, and the budgets are tremendous. For example, the 1998 governor's race in California cost $100 million, and Senate races can cost $25 million or more, and the costs are rising every day (Hrebenar, Burbank, and Benedict 6). Arnold Schwarzenegger spent nearly $27 million to win the recall election in California just a few months ago, and the total spent by all the candidates was $88 million. Even more astounding, Ex-Governor Gray Davis left office owing his campaign money."

Tags:soft, money, constituents, constitution, election

Abstract
An analysis of the various factors that worked in an interrelated manner and influenced the various constituents involved in making the decision on whether British Columbia should join Canada. These factors included social factors. such as class, political factors, and economic considerations (e.g. railway). More specifically, some of the key considerations were the impact of potential annexation by the United States, the Gold Rush, and the influence of Britain and its imperialist views of BC as a colony. Furthermore, this essay includes an analysis of the key players (e.g. political figures, journalists, influential elite, etc.) and their role in this decision. Players include Amor de Cosmos, Anthony Musgrave, James Douglas, Hudson Bay Company, and John A. MacDonald.

From the Paper
"British Columbia's decision to join Canada over other alternatives was a combination of the colony's economic and social need and influence of various constituents that were guided by political motivations. There were three options available to the colony of British Columbia prior to their joining Confederation and becoming part of the Dominion of Canada. One of these alternatives available was to remain with the status quo of being a British colony. Annexation by the United States was the second alternative. The third option open was to become part of the Dominion of Canada. In this essay, I would argue there was a combination of factors that led British Columbia to choose the third alternative. One of the key factors was related to a need for a solution to the economic problems of the colony arising from growing debt and the slow growing economy. Another important issue for many British Columbians was the desire to have a "responsible government" that was more representative of the colony's people. Surrounding the situation of finding a solution to the colony's economic problems and pressure for independence were the political motivations of various players from not only British Columbia, but also the Dominion of Canada and Britain. The influence of these political actors played an important role in leading to an agreement between Canada and British Columbia containing terms that made joining confederation the most attractive alternative out of the three discussed in this paper."

Tags:anthony, bay, constituents, decision, dominion, douglas, economic, gold, hudson, james, john, macdonald, musgrave, political, social, union

Abstract
This paper examines climate change, global warming, greenhouse gases reduction, removal and disposal and the intersections between treatment technologies, energy savings and sustainable energy sources. It presents case studies of companies competing in the alternative energy industry in general and in biomass conversion in particular. It then reviews the literature concerning particular technologies for application to current carbon energy sources researched and practiced by researchers, government and industry today. Essentially, this study examines the methods used to reduce, remove and dispose of greenhouse gas constituents.

Table of Contents:
Chapter 1 Introduction
Introduction
Importance of the Study
Background of the Problem
Problem Statement
Definition of Terms
Methodology Statement
Purpose of Study
Summary
Chapter II. Review of the Literature
Introduction
Defining Global Warming
The Greenhouse Effect and Climate Variability
Sources of Anthropogenic Greenhouse Gases and Induced Climate Change
Anthropogenic Induced Climate Change
Atmospheric Temperatures and Recent Climate Changes
Positive Feedback Loops
Important Issues Affected by Global Warming
Public Health Issues
Precipitation
Ocean Warming, Circulation and Acidification
Sea Level Rise
Snow and Ice
Biodiversity
Ozone Depletion
Summary
Constituents of Concern
Carbon Dioxide
Methane
Chlorofluorocarbons
Nitrogen Oxides
Aerosols
Assessment of Treatment Technologies
Biomass Today
Boosting Production
Carbon Capture
Flue Gas Cleaning
Molecular Sieve
Chapter III. Methodology
Description of the Study Approach
Data-gathering Method and Database of Study
Chapter IV. Data Analysis and Discussion

From the Paper
"Beginning in the nineteenth century, machines of the Industrial Revolution first began using fossil fuels including coal and petroleum and were the start of a new economic engine. While unrecognized as a potential global issue at the time, the increased use of fossil fuels during this period in history began to contribute to the accumulation of so-called greenhouse gases. Emissions of greenhouse gases (GHGs) are a byproduct of the combustion process of fossil fuels. Since the beginning of Industrial Revolution, carbon dioxide (CO2) levels have increased 30%, CH4 levels have increase 15 % and subsequent increases have occurred in all other GHGs. The result is the average increase in global temperatures was 10F from the mid-nineteenth century till near the end of the twentieth century. Within the last 25 years the average global temperature increase has been an additional 0.80F. This temperature increase follows the increase in GHGs. Figure 1 shows the increases in carbon dioxide, methane and nitrogen oxides from their various sources from 1970 until 2004. Scientific consensus is that this increase is not that of natural variation or solar radiation changes but from the results of human activities. Not only from the burning of fossil fuels but from the diminished natural buffers created by farming and resulting deforestation (Braasch 2007)"

Tags:GHG, atmosphere, energy, society

Abstract
This paper analyzes St. Johns Wort (SJW), a common herbal treatment. It offers an insight into how its constituents affect us neurologically with its primary ingredients of hypericin, hyperflorin and various flavanoids and describes how, although SJW can be used for various treatments, the main condition that it is used for is depression. It provides a comparative study of conventional anti-depressive agents and their relative side effects and shows how the demand for herbal medicines today is rising at exponential rates, with an obvious advantage such as reductions in the number of side effects. It evaluates whether herbal medicines all that they claim to be and if they contain any profound pharmacological constituents or whether they give just a placebo effect.

From the Paper
"Herbal medicines are clearly mixtures of more than one active ingredient and in many instances, we are not sure which or how many constituents are pharmacologically important. Furthermore, in trying to acquire the mechanisms of action of plant extracts is often complicated even if we know the active ingredient because such extracts contain a wide range of pharmacologically active constituents that might work together to contribute to the pharmacological activity. [1] Our understanding is further dinted if the molecular basis of the disease under investigation is not well understood."

Tags:anti, depressants, hyperforin, hypericum, monoamine, noradrenaline, oxidase, placebo, prozac

Abstract
This paper discusses the issues of marijuana, currently classified in the U.S. as an illegal substance. It examines the case for making it legal by prescription for medical purposes and why it is unethical to deny a sick person of the medical benefits. In persons undergoing cancer therapy, marijuana can ease the nausea, vomiting and loss of appetite caused by chemotherapy treatment. It describes its constituents, its effect on humans and the avid campaign over the years to have it decriminalized.

From the Paper
"Marijuana is derived from the flowers and dried leaves of the cannabis plant, which at varied potencies contains the non-narcotic chemical called Tetrahydrocannabinol, also known as THC. The different strengths of this herb produce various physical effects, ranging from a tranquilizer to a stimulant. Preceding to the 1930s, when marijuana was believed to be a problem it was a legal substance for over one hundred and thirty years. (Grinspoon) The potential unsafe effects of marijuana usage became public knowledge when Harry J. Anslinger, the commissioner of the Federal Bureau of Narcotic wrote the book Marijuana Assassin of Youth. Anslinger's book gave examples of Mexican and Negro criminals, as well as young boys of other races, who, while under the influence of marijuana, became serial killers. Some of the serious adverse side effects Anslinger mentioned included premature cancer, hostility, depression, coordination and perceptional reproductive disabilities, memory loss, and impairment to both the respiratory system and the immune system."

Tags:alcohol, america, drugs, government