Abstract This essay discusses the various types of constituency a legislative body has in American politics. The author draws appropriately upon readings and contemporary political events to develop the theme.
This paper proposes some reforms in the operations and structure of the United States Congress and discusses the reasons why reforms are needed in this powerful institution.
Abstract The paper outlines the reasons why Congress has become an oversized, inefficient institution, full of self-serving politicians who are out of touch with the country's most pressing problems. It discusses the length of the terms of service, the size of the constituencies and the manner in which campaigns are funded. The paper proposes the development of a system which would effectively monitor the activities of Congressmen in order to minimize the abuse of power. It also proposes changes in fiscal behavior, committee setup and campaign funding in order to prevent specific interest groups from interfering in Congressional matters.
From the Paper "It is also extremely critical to bear in mind that the public anger and frustration will only increase with the passage of time if noting is done to change the way Congress conducts itself. Apart from various internal structural problems, the Congress should actively allow impartial bodies to investigate various allegations against it. This way it will be able to clear some of the blame that public has placed on its shoulders."
Abstract An analysis of the various factors that worked in an interrelated manner and influenced the various constituents involved in making the decision on whether British Columbia should join Canada. These factors included social factors. such as class, political factors, and economic considerations (e.g. railway). More specifically, some of the key considerations were the impact of potential annexation by the United States, the Gold Rush, and the influence of Britain and its imperialist views of BC as a colony. Furthermore, this essay includes an analysis of the key players (e.g. political figures, journalists, influential elite, etc.) and their role in this decision. Players include Amor de Cosmos, Anthony Musgrave, James Douglas, Hudson Bay Company, and John A. MacDonald.
From the Paper "British Columbia's decision to join Canada over other alternatives was a combination of the colony's economic and social need and influence of various constituents that were guided by political motivations. There were three options available to the colony of British Columbia prior to their joining Confederation and becoming part of the Dominion of Canada. One of these alternatives available was to remain with the status quo of being a British colony. Annexation by the United States was the second alternative. The third option open was to become part of the Dominion of Canada. In this essay, I would argue there was a combination of factors that led British Columbia to choose the third alternative. One of the key factors was related to a need for a solution to the economic problems of the colony arising from growing debt and the slow growing economy. Another important issue for many British Columbians was the desire to have a "responsible government" that was more representative of the colony's people. Surrounding the situation of finding a solution to the colony's economic problems and pressure for independence were the political motivations of various players from not only British Columbia, but also the Dominion of Canada and Britain. The influence of these political actors played an important role in leading to an agreement between Canada and British Columbia containing terms that made joining confederation the most attractive alternative out of the three discussed in this paper."
Tags: anthony, bay, constituents, decision, dominion, douglas, economic, gold, hudson, james, john, macdonald, musgrave, political, social, union
Abstract This paper introduces the topic of corporations' spending to influence political campaigns and specifically discusses why they should be prohibited from doing so. It looks at how these corporations are able pick and choose where they exert their power and how most of them contribute the maximum amount allowable by law to political campaigns. It argues that these contributions, known as "soft money" in the political world, should be prohibited because they go against the meaning of the U.S. Constitution and because they influence the candidates in ways that often do not benefit their constituents. Political contributions from large corporations are not the American way, and they should be banned entirely to add integrity back into the election process.
From the Paper "There are numerous reasons why these continuing political contributions should be stopped. First, they are completely out of control, and are defining the way candidates run for office in our country. Political campaigns of past eras were shorter, and much less expensive. Today, campaigns seem to last forever, and the budgets are tremendous. For example, the 1998 governor's race in California cost $100 million, and Senate races can cost $25 million or more, and the costs are rising every day (Hrebenar, Burbank, and Benedict 6). Arnold Schwarzenegger spent nearly $27 million to win the recall election in California just a few months ago, and the total spent by all the candidates was $88 million. Even more astounding, Ex-Governor Gray Davis left office owing his campaign money."
Abstract This paper discusses that strategic analysis is the first step in shaping the current scenario of a company and determining the potential opportunities and risks facing an organization. The author points out that SWOT analysis assists organizations like BMW in reducing threats that are posed by the market and reaping maximum benefits from the opportunities offered by the external environment. The paper stress that BMW in Austria must take into account the high pay scale the demanded by their Austrian employees.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Economic Constituent Social Constituent Political Constituent Legal Constituent Technology Constituent Current Economic Environment
Current Social/Demographic/Geographic Environment
Government/Legal/Regulatory Environment
Technological Environment
From the Paper "In terms of geographic environment, holding major investments in Austria pave leeways for a few opportunities as well as external threats facing BMW in the current market scenario. Since the social values of the Austrian workforce are remarkable and their work ethics highly refined, the business of BMW in Austria can reap benefits from the same Moreover, with only General Motors Corporation working in Austria, BMW is expected to have an edge over its other competitors other than General Motors. Even considering competition issues facing BMW with the existence of General Motors Corporation, the following chart below can assist us in analyzing the current opportunities that the Austrian market offers BMW Group of industries."
Abstract This paper explains that there is an extremely high incidence of addiction not only to cannabis but also to cigarette smoking, alcohol abuse, abuse of other substances, gambling and even to food resulting in significant obesity among the Maori youth population in Marewa City, New Zealand. The author points out that the Don't Do Drugs Trust believes that getting kids off drugs should not be the only end result of a program, but rather life skills and introduction to life's rewards should be integral to the program before, during and post-drug use including an innovative way to reach those who relapse. The paper relates in detail the program whose key constituencies are the Maori youth population itself, non-Maori youth, the representative governmental agencies, the local business community, the philanthropic community and the public at large: The program strives to begin to remove the stigma of dependency the public associates with today's Maori lifestyle and replace it with pride that extends beyond the boundaries of Maori culture.
Table of Contents
Background
The Plan's Components
Key Constituencies Outcome Objectives
Schools Program
After School Program
Philanthropic Community
Job and Business Creation
Constituency Objectives
Maori Youth
Non-Maori Youth
Governmental Agencies and School Leadership
Business Community
Philanthropic Community
General Public
Output Objectives
Schools
After School Programs
Businesses and Financial Institutions
Key Messages
Maori Youth: Do Life!
Non-Maori Youth: Share life.
Governmental Agencies/School Leadership: Give a kid a life!
Business Community/Financial Institutions: Teach a kid how to earn a great life!
Philanthropic Community: Life as we know it....
General Public: Life matters.
Strategies and Tactics
Maori Youth: Do Life!
Non-Maori Youth
Governmental Agencies/School Leadership
Business Community/Financial Institutions
Philanthropic Community
General Public
Timetable
Evaluation
Justification
From the Paper "There is more than sufficient evidence to suggest that a bold and far-reaching program is needed to arrest the downward slide of the Maori youth population in Marewa City. Our recent survey of drug-prone central street city kids revealed that they were seeking "alternative occupations" to fill the time when they were no longer spending their days making deals and were busy "getting a life" instead. There is also evidence, however, that cannabis, in particular, is not alone in destroying the Maori youth; "social and spiritual poverty is. That's the unanimous message form Maori social, health and youth workers who argue cannabis abuse is just one indicator of a much more profound problem." "
Abstract This paper analyzes St. Johns Wort (SJW), a common herbal treatment. It offers an insight into how its constituents affect us neurologically with its primary ingredients of hypericin, hyperflorin and various flavanoids and describes how, although SJW can be used for various treatments, the main condition that it is used for is depression. It provides a comparative study of conventional anti-depressive agents and their relative side effects and shows how the demand for herbal medicines today is rising at exponential rates, with an obvious advantage such as reductions in the number of side effects. It evaluates whether herbal medicines all that they claim to be and if they contain any profound pharmacological constituents or whether they give just a placebo effect.
From the Paper "Herbal medicines are clearly mixtures of more than one active ingredient and in many instances, we are not sure which or how many constituents are pharmacologically important. Furthermore, in trying to acquire the mechanisms of action of plant extracts is often complicated even if we know the active ingredient because such extracts contain a wide range of pharmacologically active constituents that might work together to contribute to the pharmacological activity. [1] Our understanding is further dinted if the molecular basis of the disease under investigation is not well understood."
Abstract This paper critically analyzes the administration policies and ideas set forth in an essay by President Woodrow Wilson entitled "The Study of Administration". The paper describes Wilson's thoughts about using ministrant (function of the government) and constituent ideas to represent political and apolitical branches respectively and relates that constituent functions were given very important tasks, such as the protection of liberty, life, and property, while ministrant functions were necessary for advancing societal interests. The paper concludes that Woodrow Wilson attempted to outline a coherent and somewhat revolutionary idea about public administration and politics and how each should be separate, yet work together.
From the Paper "Wilson was determined to make reforms and labeled areas that were functions of the government "ministrant" and those that were not, or were apolitical, he labeled "constituent" (Clements 320). These constituent functions were given very important tasks, such as the protection of liberty, life, and property, while ministrant functions were necessary for advancing the societal interests (320). Although these labels appear to be incorrectly given as ministrant areas were given what really appeared to be political functions such as labor regulation, communications, transportation maintenance, education, and conservation efforts."
Abstract This paper examines climate change, global warming, greenhouse gases reduction, removal and disposal and the intersections between treatment technologies, energy savings and sustainable energy sources. It presents case studies of companies competing in the alternative energy industry in general and in biomass conversion in particular. It then reviews the literature concerning particular technologies for application to current carbon energy sources researched and practiced by researchers, government and industry today. Essentially, this study examines the methods used to reduce, remove and dispose of greenhouse gas constituents.
Table of Contents:
Chapter 1 Introduction
Introduction
Importance of the Study
Background of the Problem
Problem Statement
Definition of Terms
Methodology Statement
Purpose of Study
Summary
Chapter II. Review of the Literature
Introduction
Defining Global Warming
The Greenhouse Effect and Climate Variability
Sources of Anthropogenic Greenhouse Gases and Induced Climate Change
Anthropogenic Induced Climate Change
Atmospheric Temperatures and Recent Climate Changes
Positive Feedback Loops
Important Issues Affected by Global Warming
Public Health Issues
Precipitation
Ocean Warming, Circulation and Acidification
Sea Level Rise
Snow and Ice
Biodiversity
Ozone Depletion
Summary
Constituents of Concern
Carbon Dioxide
Methane
Chlorofluorocarbons
Nitrogen Oxides
Aerosols
Assessment of Treatment Technologies
Biomass Today
Boosting Production
Carbon Capture
Flue Gas Cleaning
Molecular Sieve
Chapter III. Methodology
Description of the Study Approach
Data-gathering Method and Database of Study
Chapter IV. Data Analysis and Discussion
From the Paper "Beginning in the nineteenth century, machines of the Industrial Revolution first began using fossil fuels including coal and petroleum and were the start of a new economic engine. While unrecognized as a potential global issue at the time, the increased use of fossil fuels during this period in history began to contribute to the accumulation of so-called greenhouse gases. Emissions of greenhouse gases (GHGs) are a byproduct of the combustion process of fossil fuels. Since the beginning of Industrial Revolution, carbon dioxide (CO2) levels have increased 30%, CH4 levels have increase 15 % and subsequent increases have occurred in all other GHGs. The result is the average increase in global temperatures was 10F from the mid-nineteenth century till near the end of the twentieth century. Within the last 25 years the average global temperature increase has been an additional 0.80F. This temperature increase follows the increase in GHGs. Figure 1 shows the increases in carbon dioxide, methane and nitrogen oxides from their various sources from 1970 until 2004. Scientific consensus is that this increase is not that of natural variation or solar radiation changes but from the results of human activities. Not only from the burning of fossil fuels but from the diminished natural buffers created by farming and resulting deforestation (Braasch 2007)"
Abstract This paper focuses on Government to Citizen (G2C) transactions mainly in the US. These include citizens? services and digital democracy. The concept of electronic government is to provide services and information to citizens electronically, 24 hours a day, 7 days a week. As the demand for electronic services increases, governments are challenged to provide these services to citizens. Digital democracy may be defined as any electronic exchange of value in the democratic process. The spectrum includes Online Campaigns, Internet Voting, and Constituency Participation.
What is e-government?
Citizens Services
Digital Democracy
Political Online Campaigning
Disadvantages of Web advertising
Online Fund Raising
Internet Voting
On-line Voting Initiatives
Why Internet voting?
Requirements of an Internet voting system
Security Problems meeting requirements of an Internet voting system
Implementation Problems
Vision
The Impact of the Internet on Democracy
Direct Democracy
Representative Democracy
Digital Divide
Conclusion ? The year 2005
Abstract This paper investigates whether staff, committee, or constituent relations membership make a difference when decisions are made. A look at how parties and party membership have an effect on committees with Congress and the way that activities are run.
From the Paper "Often, we hear that all of the work in the legislative branch is done in committees. Are the committee members chosen due to their party affiliation? What about their staff? Are the constituents somewhere in the party affiliation wake? When each of these is considered, and party affiliation is thrown in, it is obvious that there is an effect. Committee members are chosen, and are expected to act, in relation to which party they belong. Staffs, though sometimes chosen according to their expertise, are chosen because of the party to which they belong. And though many constituent needs are non-partisan, party affiliation also affects them."
Abstract This paper examines the history of campaign finance and campaign finance reform for elected officials in the U.S. It discusses the main issues in the debate including corruption, disorganization, and mass media influence. it outlines the McCain-Fiengold Bill as well as the debate between Bush and McCain during the primaries of the 2001 Presidental Election campaign.
Table of Contents
1. Introduction
2. Campaign Finance Reform
3. Issues
4. McCain-Feingold Bill
5. McCain / Bush
6. Conclusion
From the paper:
"From the first democratic election, politicians, journalists, and the public have decried the high cost of campaigns. It cannot be disputed that political campaigns rely on money from filing until the election and well beyond. From the beginning of the democratic election process, politicians, journalists, and the public have individually and collectively viewed with horror the ever-increasing cost of campaigns. Each election cycle sets a new record for spending. The critics cite the cost of presenting a candidate or issue but fail to take into consideration the increasing number of voters, distribution of constituencies, competition to spend, cost of new technologies, and inflationary pressures."
Abstract This paper discusses the phenomena of the volcano. It describes the constituent elements of lava and the different kinds of lava that exist. It analyzes how the lava is ejected from the volcano and the effect it has on the surrounding environment.
From the Paper "The makeup of magma determines how it moves, and magma with less than 55 percent silica (basalt) flows easily, while magma with more than 70 percent silica (rhyolite) flows with greater difficulty. Low-viscosity basaltic lava involves the rapid escape of gas which produces fountains of incandescent lava in blobs and drops. Such magma is often fluid enough when it reaches the ground to coalesce and form lava flows. The more high-viscosity rhyolite lava is such that gas cannot readily escape unless there is sufficient pressure. "
An examination of the National Rifle Associations'(NRA) relationship with the United States Congress. How the body has influenced congressional decisions, lobbyism and the role of constituent pressure. An analysis of the power of the NRA.
1,800 words (approx. 7.2 pages), 10 sources, 1989, $ 63.95
From the Paper "This paper will examine the National Rifle Association and its relationship with the Congress of the United States. The research will investigate how the National Rifle Association has attempted to influence Congress and what decisions Congress has made concerning the National Rifle Association's interests during the 1980s. A substantial part of the investigation will compare what is found in the research with what is asserted by Barbara Hinckley in her Stability and Change in Congress. Hinckley writes with regard to interest groups in general that they are most successful when they are comprised of individuals who are representative of voters in the home districts of Congressmen. That is, the "Washington Lobbyist" does not have the influence of the lobbyist who is truly in touch with voters back home vitally interested in the issue."
This paper compares the backgrounds, careers, views (black nationalism, separatism, politics, social agendas), constituencies, economics and class of Malcolm X and Martin Luther King, Jr..
1,800 words (approx. 7.2 pages), 7 sources, 1994, $ 63.95
From the Paper "Black nationalism in the United States was an old idea by the time Malcolm X arrived in Harlem in the early 1950s.. Marcus Garvey and many before him had dreamed of taking black men back to Africa; the Communist party and the Black Muslims had imagined a black state within America. Malcolm helped the Muslim prepare the ground for this separate nation, expanding their following from 400 to about 40,000. He did this by turning the negro's self-hatred into a hatred of white people and a black sense of pride. The black race, he believed, had been brainwashed into believing it was inferior. No one could get rid of his color, and instead of telling his followers to suppress this painful sense of difference, he urged them to turn it upside down: to convert it from shame to pride. They were no longer "negroes" they were "black"--a word that allowed the blacks to turn ... "
