Abstract This paper examines ways in which popular American culture's fascination with conspiracytheories are reflected in Dan Brown's novel, "Da Vinci Code". The paper cites various conspiracytheories ranging from the murders of President John F. Kennedy and Martin Luther King, Jr. to U.S. involvement in Vietnam to the narrative of Brown's novel.
From the Paper "The murder of John F Kennedy in Dallas Texas on November fostered intense national desire to assign blame for the crime and bring those responsible to justice. One view of the assassination was articulated in detail in the Warren Commission Report WCR which..."
Abstract This paper explores some of the conspiracytheories surrounding the murder of President John F. Kennedy,. It argues that none of them, in the end, is supported by sufficient and believable evidence.
From the Paper "We've all had days like this. Your alarm clock will break and so you'll oversleep. When you do wake up you will burn your lips tongue and liver with your coffee. Your car will refuse to start and when it does you will discover that one of your tires is flat. ..."
Abstract Contends that the assassination of President John F. Kennedy shifted the U.S. from a period of hope to a period of paranoia and conspiracytheories. Idea of conspiracies as a staple of popular fiction, film, TV. Analysis of Oliver Stone's 1991 film JFK. The 1997 film CONSPIRACYTHEORY. Perpetuation on the Internet.
From the Paper "John Fitzgerald Kennedy was President of the United States for less than three years, yet in that time he had a major impact on the country and on foreign and domestic policy lasting for a decade or more. Some of his actions produced effects that were beneficial, and others can be seen now as less effective, notably his enmeshing the country in the Vietnam War. Kennedy's presidency began in a spirit of glamour and change and ended in the assassination of an American president. The country shifted from a period of hope to a period of tension, paranoia, conspiracy theories, and a growing distrust of government. In some degree, none of these things was new, but the Cold War era increased world tensions and made Americans less trustful both of other nations and of other Americans. The era of conspiracy theories really begins with the Kennedy assassination, an event ..."
Abstract This paper examines the conspiracytheory that the US Government is responsible for the creation and spread of AIDS. It looks at evidence supporting the creation of AIDS, the blocking of detection and treatment efforts, and the ultimate purpose behind the creation of the disease - to reduce the world's population.
Abstract This paper researches, in depth, a few of the many conspiracytheories that surround the assassination of John F. Kennedy. The author discusses the Warren Commission's comprehensive report that states that Lee Harvey Oswald was the only shooter, and offers a personal opinion of the report. The paper shows the American government in a negative light and challenges the many cover-ups, misinformation and secrecy surrounding the assassination.
From the Paper " The problem with every theory, no matter how "far out" is that there is still a lot of secrecy about the assassination, about the autopsy, and related elements. There are documents which the Kennedy family has prohibited from being released for many more years. Then, recently, the announcement was made that, sometime in the 1960's the coffin in which JFK's body was returned to Washington was dropped into the ocean, so it could never be used as a "memento". All the more reason, now, conspiracy theorists say, that there is something secret that was in that coffin which the American Public will never learn about."
Abstract This paper explains that, although the Warren Commission's report stated that Lee Harvey Oswald acted alone, and there was no conspiracy, the nagging question of who killed JFK still haunts the minds of many Americans. The author points out that the CIA theory of New Orleans District Attorney, Jim Garrison, is probably the most well-known of the conspiracytheories because it was made into a film starring Kevin Costner and directed by Oliver Stone. The paper relates that the Kennedy assassination is probably one of the most galvanizing events of modern history, and so, it will always remain controversial and shrouded in secrecy and theories.
Table of Contents
The CIA Theory and Jim Garrison
The "Grassy Knoll" Theory The Mafia Theory The Warren Commission
From the Paper "One of the most credible theories in recent years is the Mob or Mafia theory. Some historians point to Jack Ruby's known links with organized crime before he moved to Texas as evidence that the Mob was involved in the President's assassination. However, there are even more compelling arguments to back up the Mafia theory, including incriminating tapes of Mob bosses discussing bumping off one or more of the Kennedy's. The bosses were angry about John and Bobby's open war against organized crime, and it is conceivable that they could have created a conspiracy that pointed to Oswald, while making sure Ruby would do away with any evidence that might lead the trail back to the Mafia."
Abstract In this article, the writer notes that Abraham Lincoln's life as president was a celebration of the American paradigms of equality and freedom. The President spent not only his time in office, but also his life, in attempting to understand the plight of the poor and the oppressed, and to relieve this plight. The writer points out that as such, Lincoln attempted to mitigate the issues leading to the Civil War in order to stop such a war from ever occurring. After discussing Lincoln's life, the writer studies his assassination and looks at conspiracytheories. The writer concludes that the tragedy of Lincoln's assassination is directly connected to his accomplishments as President and the fact that he would never be able to carry on the work that he started at a time when his country needed it most.
Outline:
Abraham Lincoln's Life
Booth's Decision to Assassinate
ConspiracyTheories Sources
From the Paper "After the horror of the Civil War, it appeared that this president's wisdom and generosity would make him an instrument not only of peace, but also prosperity in the future of the United States. In this lies the tragedy of his assassination.
"The President would never have the opportunity to lead the country towards the bright and peaceful future he projected for it. The highly emotional issues that sparked the Civil War in the first place had not fully come to rest in the heart of people such as the actor John Wilkes Booth. Booth assassinated the President at Ford's Theater in Washington on Good Friday, April 14, 1865. This crushed all hopes of a peaceful and magnanimous reunion between North and South, and among the various ethnic cultures of the country. Instead, further upheaval resulted not only in terms of politics, but also in terms of rather hysterical speculations regarding the possibility of conspiracy."
This paper is a review of "Crossfire" by Jim Marrs, an encyclopedic collection of information about the assassination of President John F. Kennedy in 1963.
1,150 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 1 source, 2002, $ 39.95
Abstract This paper states that "Crossfire" presents virtually every conspiracytheory ever applied to the JFK assassination. The author feels that the biggest problem with this book is the sheer amount of information it provides with so many minute details, that it is easy to loose sight of the big picture. The author feels that Marrs presents an inescapable conclusion that the President's assassination was the result of some kind of conspiracy.
From the Paper "Marrs? background as a journalist serves him well as he examines theories claiming everyone from the Mob to the CIA to anti-Castro Cubans to J.Edgar Hoover's G-men to Lee Harvey Oswald were responsible for Kennedy's assassination. He points out inconsistencies within and across theories. Nor does he spare the official versions of what happed. He pounces like a hungry tiger on the unexplained elements of the Warren Commission Report raising questions that are difficult to answer or explain away as irrelevant."
Abstract This is a study of the elements of President Kennedy's assassination and the conspiracytheories that correlate. The author examines the evidence available on Kennedy's assassination and lists possible conclusions.
From the Paper "One of the most controversial topics in America for the 20th century was the assassination of President John F. Kennedy in Dallas, Texas. The 35th American President was pronounced dead due to a gunshot wound at approximately 1pm Dallas time on November 22, 1963. As shocked as the nation was at the sudden loss of their beloved President, rumors on the uncertainty of his death were even more appalling. A country already under the scare of the Cold War was faced with doubts on the reliability of their government. After the assassination, officials arrested Lee Harvey Oswald and charge him as the sole gunman responsible for the shot to the back of President John F. Kennedy's head, as well as the shot that wounded Governor Connally of Texas, who was a passenger in front of the President. In the days following the event, many would doubt all the facts listed in the previous sentence."
Abstract This paper discusses the 1963 assassination of President John F. Kennedy, and the unanswered questions that surround his death. The author looks at some of the conspiracytheories that have risen over the years, such as whether Lee Harvey Oswald acted alone, was Kennedy shot in the front or the back of the head, why is there a different coffin when the body is unloaded from the plane?
From the Paper "" November 22, 1963 was an important and sorrowful day in American history. It was the day John F. Kennedy was shot. Many of the facts from this day are common knowledge to almost anyone who has ever taken a high school level class in history. Kennedy was shot by Lee Harvey Oswald, who was hiding in the Texas Schoolbook Depository, as his car passed through Dealey Plaza in Dallas , Texas . These are the accepted facts of the assassination; however, many Americans believe there is more to this story, possibly even a government cover-up. Any conspiracy buff knows that there are several unanswered questions and facts that simply don"t add up. For example, did Oswald act alone" If he did, could he have fired all the shots in that short of time? Was Kennedy hit in the front or the back of the head? The answers to these and other questions have led many Americans to believe that the assassination of John F. Kennedy was part of a conspiracy by our own government. The question that I have asked myself many times is: Is the government telling us the truth?"
Abstract This paper discusses abnormal psychology with reference to the character of Jerry Fletcher in the movie "ConspiracyTheory". The character of Jerry was in constant fear of "them" without knowing who those people are. This paranoid perspective makes him behave strangely.
Abstract This paper discusses the motivations of John Wilkes Booth and the conspirators which are based upon their belief that Abraham Lincoln was a tyrant who was intent upon subjecting the South to black domination. It explains that Lincoln's emancipation of the slaves, promotion of black equality, and recruitment of tens of thousands of blacks into the Union Army convinced the conspirators that Lincoln and his Cabinet advisors had to be assassinated in order to prevent the South from being dominated and ruled by blacks and radical abolitionists intent upon revenge.
From the Paper "The motivations of John Wilkes Booth and the conspirators were based upon their belief that Abraham Lincoln was a tyrant who was intent upon subjecting the South to black domination. Lincoln's emancipation of the slaves, promotion of black equality, and recruitment of tens of thousands of blacks into the Union Army convinced the conspirators that Lincoln and his Cabinet advisors had to be assassinated in order to prevent the South from being dominated and ruled by blacks and radical abolitionists intent upon revenge. In order to understand these motivations, it is necessary to recognize that the pressures of the Civil War had created a huge and powerful central government in Washington D.C. McPherson (1989) notes that one of the reasons why the Southern states seceded from the Union in 1861 ..."
This paper discusses nursing theory, specifically in regards to self-care facilitated by Dorothy Orem's model and the mid-range theory of the community health model.
Abstract This paper discusses the importance of nursing theory as not simply a philosophical abstraction, but as also useful for the demands for "description, explanation, prediction and control" during nursing work and study. Having a background in nursing theories can prove helpful because theories give clues as to what to ask, what to observe, what to focus on and what to think about when a nurse is under pressure or dealing with a noncompliant patient. The paper asserts that even grand theories have a practical emphasis. They can offer validation of the patient's cultural differences and self-empowerment and actualization through facilitating patient self-care. Self-care facilitation is a stress in many of the grand theories, as Orem's theory likewise attempts to address self-care deficits such as patient noncompliance with a dietary or physical fitness regime. There is always inevitable overlap between models, as contemporary nursing models and grand theories all strive to be limited to a focus on problems in nurse-patient situations or problems in person-environment interaction to be of use in practitioners in the field. Furthermore, the paper looks at the use of middle range theories in nursing, which some assert are more useful and more easily tested in practice. These mid-range theories act as subsidiaries of grand theories, and draw a great deal of their philosophy from grand theories. The major categories of knowledge reflected in different contemporary nursing models and grand theories, which include needs-based approaches, interaction-based approaches, outcome-focused approaches and humanistic approaches can be placed through the use of mid-range theories in a very specific context, such as pain management, or health promotion.
From the Paper "Orem places a strong emphasis on exercise and physical activity that the patient can achieve him or herself. In the Community Empowerment Model, the nurse can provide counseling how to achieve such goals in the context of the patient's specific community and cultural environment (Extract from "Medicare Primary and Consumer Directed Care Demonstration: Health Promotion Nurse Intervention Model," 2002). The importance of exercise is directly derived from Orem's stress upon the need for the nurse to help the patient with such basic self-care modalities as nutrition, hygiene (including better sleep hygiene), mobility (including exercise), medication, and more empowered behavior. Orem also stresses patient empowerment in the context of direct nursing care, where the nurse has direct contact with client and/or family, along with Orem's the belief that self-care deficits are the result of environmental situations (Mayo, 1997).
"The environmental impact upon self-care also illustrates how the Community Empowerment Middle Range theory springs directly from Orem's influence, along with the pragmatic and humanist philosophical influences gave birth to Orem's stress upon patient empowerment during the entire process of treatment. The Community Empowerment Model also incorporates multiculturalism into its philosophy. Both theories share the logical positivist emphasis which stresses situations and context dictating the course of treatment, and the importance of taking into consideration the environment of the patient."
Tags: self-care facilitation Orem, mid-range theory, community health model, treatment
A review and discussion regarding four different criminal theories: differential association theory, strain theory, routine activity theory, and a feminist theory.
1,125 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 1 source, 2005, $ 44.95
Abstract This paper examines four critical theories that have been developed in order to study criminal behavior in human societies. Each of the theories discussed in this paper have been chosen from a wide list of options and are part of a separate classification group. The four theories that this paper identifies are differential association theory, strain theory, routine activity theory, and a feminist theory.
From the Paper "Criminology is a wide field devoted to the theoretical study of crime, of its causes, of its relationship to the law, and of its relationship to human communities. In a way, crime affects all human societies at very fundamental levels. That such a powerful force should spawn a critical discipline devoted to its study is not surprising. Once it became an academic discipline it is even less surprising that critics and theorists have been unable to agree upon a theoretical framework that encompasses all aspects of criminology. Instead, criminology has been divided, over the years, into a number of critical theories that sometimes complement one another and other times are at odds with each other."
Abstract Social Structure Theories and Social Processes Theories are often used interchangeably. This essay highlights the fundamental differences outlining social structure and social process theories. In order to compare these theories, the paper draws attention to the various theories of juvenile delinquency and the difference of perspective involved and the obtrusive causes outlined by the distinct theories for engagement in criminal acts at a young age. Two different theories are presented attempting to explain juvenile delinquency, presenting various facets of adolescent criminal behavior and the possible causes of such behavior.
From the Paper "One of the major challenges faced by the law-making authorities of the United States today is the reduction of juvenile delinquency and to increase the effectiveness of lawful regulations in the country. The alarming augmentation in crime rate at adolescent echelon is the most worrisome problem facing America therefore researchers and experts of the related field have developed various theories regarding juvenile delinquency outlining motivations and reasons behind the existence and the frequency of crime at juvenile stage. In order to well-comprehend the perspective of various philosophies related to juvenile delinquency, it is highly essential to know what juvenile delinquency is about."
