Abstract
This paper argues that the Bible, being inspired, is of necessary consequence inerrant and infallible and, as such, is indeed reliable as the only source and norm of all Christian knowledge and authority. To support this claim, the author looks at the Bible as the inspired word of God from the view of Jesus and the Apostles. Next, the paper investigates historical doctrine and evangelical controversies to inquire if the inspired word of God is both inerrant and infallible.

Table of Contents:
Introduction
Definitions
The Bible Is the Inspired Word of God
Jesus' View of Scripture
Apostolic View of Scripture
The Inspired Word of God Is Both Inerrant and Infallible
Historic Doctrine
Evangelical Controversies
Fuller
Enns
The Inerrant and Infallible Word of God Is Authoritative
Conclusion

From the Paper
"In 1967, Daniel Fuller delivered a paper before the Evangelical Theological Society wherein he laid the groundwork for what may be called a doctrine of partial inspiration. In it, he argued that the concept of biblical inspiration defended by Warfield was deficient. Or, perhaps more to the point, that Warfield concluded that which he could not prove. For Fuller, the matter of inerrancy is defined by what he calls the "doctrinal verses" of Scriptures (the "many verses in the Bible which have something to say about the nature of the Bible as being the inspired Word of God." such as 2 Timothy 3:16 )."

Tags:justification, obedience, reference, neo-orthodoxy, revelation

Abstract
This paper examines the language acquisition of two children, A and G, who are each two years old. The paper places particular emphasis on their strategies for simplifying word-initial s+ consonant clusters. The paper also discusses noted deviations from adult forms, suggesting possible explanations to account for those deviations.

Outline:
Introduction
Evaluation of Data
Conclusion

From the Paper
"Language acquisition is a complex and gradual process for children. The process works on two levels. Part of it is innate, and part is learned. As they advance developmentally, children absorb what they hear in their interactions with others, especially in their home environments. Phonological development is a gradual process during which speech patterns are first reproduced, and then eventually acquired. It is normal for mistakes, or phonological deviations, to be made during this process. Since young children are still developing their sound systems, their speech can at times be difficult to understand. Anyone who has tried to communicate with small children will have experienced this at some point. This is particularly true in very young children, specifically those under the age of five, since they have not yet mastered the ability to organize sound systems in the same way that adults do."

Tags:syllable, structure, consonant, clusters, environment, speech, sound

Abstract
This paper explains that the various multiple outlooks of a country's people builds its "national outlook", which usually project it internationally at a level consonant with its domestic success. However, the Federal Republic of Germany, one of the richest and more populous country, has refrained from projecting this strength. Since World War II, the author points out, Germany has remained steadfast in its commitment to non-militarism and to multilateralism. The paper explains that this contemporary political stance is deeply rooted in Germany's own historic experiences with Nazism, World Wars and the Cold War.

From the Paper
"On other levels, too, German multilateralism comes across as realist. Germany occupies a preeminent position within the European Union, but time and again, it has played the role of conciliator, siding either with its fellow European nations or with other European powers and the United States. In the 1990s, the fight to clean up the environment found Germany taking different sides depending on the specific issue. The Montreal Protocol sought to gradually eliminate the methyl bromide that was harming the Earth's ozone layer."

Tags:military, liberal democratic principles, realist, human rights, cold war

Abstract
The paper briefly highlights the combination of comedy and irony that infuses two notable works, John Betjeman's, "In Westminster Abbey," and Robert Browning's, "Soliloquy of the Spanish Cloister," with an eye towards revealing the attitudes of the poets in question. Specifically, the paper shows how Betjeman's narrator thinks all manner of irreverent and despoiled thoughts while in a sacred place infused with a genuine religious spirit; for his part, Browning's protagonist thinks all manner of evil thoughts while serving in a monastery, while wearing the lineaments of piety, and while acting outwardly in a manner consonant with the greatest devotion to God. The paper notes that the irony is sometimes heavy-handed, but posits that the humor it brings forth strengthens the message and prompts the reader to consider the fatuousness of much that human beings do and believe.

From the Paper
"The following paper will briefly highlight the combination of comedy and irony that infuses two notable works, John Betjeman's, "In Westminster Abbey," and Robert Browning's, "Soliloquy of the Spanish Cloister," with an eye towards revealing the attitudes of the poets in question. Specifically, Betjeman's narrator thinks all manner of irreverent and despoiled thoughts while in a sacred place infused with a genuine religious spirit; for his part, Browning's protagonist thinks all manner of evil thoughts while serving in a monastery, while wearing the..."

Tags:browning, betjeman, irony

Abstract
This paper explains that, in today's world of information, it is very common for borrowed words, such as Japanese "sushi" or American-English "supermarket", to be adopted as a part of the lexicon of several languages. Every language, the author explains, borrows words because of either the lack of lexical items in the recipient language or the desire for prestige of the dominant donor language. The paper describes and analyzes the Thai language for linguistic features such as not only lexical borrowed items but also certain sound patterns, morphemes, syntactic structures, semantic meanings and orthography.

Table of Contents:
Introduction
Lexical Borrowing in Thai
Table: Some Characteristics of Thai Lexicon
Phonological Borrowing
Figure: Two-Way Models of Phonological Borrowing
Morphological Borrowing
Syntactic Borrowing
Semantic Borrowing
Orthographic Borrowing
Figure: Thai Consonant Symbols
Figure: Thai Vowel Symbols
Figure: Thai Tone Marks
Figure: Thai Special Diacritics
Conclusion

From the Paper
"As I have introduced earlier, when words are borrowed, the pronunciation also changes. It is remodeled to the conventions of the borrowing language; this process is called by Campbell "adaptation", a foreign sound in borrowed words which does not exist in the receiving language will be replaced by the nearest phonetic equivalent to it in the borrowing language. In the case of Thai language, we can obviously see that a lot of foreign loanwords in Thai have gone through the adaptation process. And there are several results come out of the process."

Tags:dominant monosyllabic morphemes phonological, syntactic structures

Abstract
This paper shows that, unlike the measured procession of syllables and the soft vowel sounds that characterizes the feelings conveyed in "Stopping by the Woods on a Snowy Evening," the poet Robert Frost uses sharp, crackling consonants to denote the dangerous and active life of the birches of his poem "Birches." The paper shows that the poem "Birches," particularly in the first lines that set the scene and the stage for the active engagement of the poet with nature, is rife with crackling sharp 'b' explosive sounds that seem to create a sense of brittleness and breaking and exploding upon the reader's ear, as opposed to the softer vs and ws of the more leisurely and measured progression of verbiage in "Stopping by the Woods."

From the Paper
"Although "Birches" is about apparently planted trees, the theme of the poem is dramatic, almost eschatological as the seasons cause the trees to change and the ice to break and form glass. Unlike the horse of "Stopping by the Woods on a Snowy Evening's" the second stanza has the trees themselves taking a human, living quality, even in the absence of humanity. They are "trailing their leaves on the ground/Like girls on hands and knees that throw their hair/Before them over their heads to dry in the sun." The trees are full of motion as human beings, and the harshness of the 'g' of the girls and the hands and knees causes the reader to raise his or her voice aloud, rather than to drop his or her tone in the whispered, plodding quality of the "Snowy Evening" in its progression of diphthongs."

Tags:tone, imagery, consonants

Abstract
This paper first relates that learning languages from countries like Japan, China, and Korea can be an intimidating endeavor, especially for English speakers. The paper then goes on to explain all the native sounds of Mandarin using International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) and phonetic terminology.

Outline:
Introduction
Mandarin Vowels
Vowels / /, /3/, / /, and /y/
Mandarin Diphthongs
Mandarin Diphthongs /ia, /yu/, and /y /
Mandarin Triphthongs
Mandarin Consonants
Mandarin Simple Consonants
Mandarin consonants / /, / /, and / /
Complex Mandarin Consonants
Conclusion

From the Paper
''For many English speakers, learning languages from countries like Japan, China, and Korea can be an intimidating endeavor. With a writing system based on pictorial images, different grammar structures, and a 5 tone inflectional system, Mandarin's complex method of communication is difficult enough without the colorful array of phonetic features that create meaningful utterances. In the first stages of learning any language, being able to distinguish separate phonemes is critical to the process of bringing structure and order to a stretch of utterances. For native English speakers, a good portion of these sounds will be familiar even though the place of articulation may be slightly different. However, scholars in the field of Chinese phonetics give varying classifications of these sounds and some even give varying descriptions of how they should sound and how to produce them. So whether it is a dialectal background of the author or an illustration of Mandarins phonetic complexity, not all of the phonemes of Mandarin are easily described.''

Tags:phonetics, phonology, Mandarin

Abstract
This paper explains that one of the greatest challenges for any educator is dealing with a student with reading difficulties. However, a number of different programs exist to deal with the different forms of comprehension difficulties: Edmark Reading Program and Reading Matery programs. The author points out that the auditory and picture matching approach of Edmark has been shown to be helpful for students from developmentally and socially disabling backgrounds. The paper relates that since dyslexics often report grappling with frequently misused letters and miss substituting of vowels and consonants; the program Reading Matery,designed to underline the specific dyslexic's need for reinforcement in his or her word sorting capacity and to learn other decoding methods to compensate for potential cognitive decoding difficulties, is better than the overall reinforcement of pictures, words and sounds in Edmark.

From the Paper
"The experimental group students received 15 minutes per day of tutoring by America Reads Volunteers in the Edmark Reading Program, a highly structured sight word program; control group students were simply read aloud to for 15 minutes each day by the same volunteers. Results indicated a significant difference in the performance of experimental group of students on the WRMT-R Passage Comprehension subtest and Edmark posttest. Qualitative data indicated that more experimental group students than control group students exhibited significantly improved reading ability, attitudes toward reading, attitudes toward school, and attitudes toward self. Results suggested that schools should consider the use of volunteers to implement one-on-one tutoring in the Edmark Reading Program to teach a supplementary sight word vocabulary to at-risk first graders. Thus, Edmark's 'hands on' approach may be helpful for students from disadvantaged backgrounds as well."

Tags:dyslexic, developmental-disabled, decoding, social

Abstract
This paper first examines the meaning of Robert Frost's "The Wood- Pile" and then examines the structure of the poem, including Frost's use of poetic devices such as rhythm, meter, rhyme, alliteration, consonance, assonance, and simile.

Abstract
ADHD, or attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, is a common childhood problem affecting as much as 3-5% of the school-age population. The paper shows that the core symptoms of ADHD are inattention, hyperactivity and impulsivity. Children with ADHD exhibit functional impairment across multiple settings and engage in disruptive behaviors, thus inviting criticism from adults and peer rejection. The paper examines how psycho stimulant medication has been shown to be reasonably successful, but may produce significant side effects in a school-age child. A multi-component model of intervention consisting of pharmacological treatment in consonance with contingency management and cognitive behavior modification techniques seems to be the answer for this very baffling problem. The paper shows that for practitioners to have confidence in the expected outcomes, specific procedures to implement behavioral management in school classrooms must be scientifically replicated.

Table of Contents:

Introduction
What is ADHD?
Impact of ADHD
Diagnostic Standards
Related Disorders and Comorbidity
Review of Literature
Multi-Component Intervention
Comorbidity
Pharmacological Intervention
Methodology
Findings and Results
Conclusions and Summary

From the Paper
"The authors also suggest that practitioners should tailor the intervention to match the needs of the child. For example, while psychostimulant medication has been shown to be successful, it may produce significant side effects in a preschool-age child. School practitioners therefore should take an active role in monitoring the effects of medication. Also, systems should be in place, whereby immediate and consistent feedback is given, supplemented by age-appropriate rewards and procedures. Parents must be enabled to provide support and guidance to affected children, and need appropriate training. A well designed program incorporating the efforts of all concerned, could result in a potentially successful treatment approach. "

Tags:Conners, Teacher's, Rating, Scale, AAP, EEG