Abstract The author of the paper introduces, discusses, and analyzes the topic of water management with regard to the Los Angeles Department of Water & Power (LADWP) and the Colorado River Aqueduct. With regard to increasing demands for fresh water and the decreasing amount of water available from the Colorado River, the writer examines measures that must, in the writer's opinion, be taken to manage water resources including the implementation of policies to encourage consumers to reduce water consumption.
From the Paper "The Colorado River Aqueduct and flow from the Colorado River is being managed relatively effectively today, largely because of the 2007 agreement. The agreement allows the MWD to create an "intentionally created surplus" (ICS) of water, and then store it in Lake Mead for use during shortages or droughts. The surplus water is a result of water conservation in farmlands, and the MWD is testing the program with Lake Mead officials now. There are things that could be managed differently, however. Consumers are the biggest users of water, and lawns and gardens are a large part of that usage. It would seem prudent for Southern California water districts to encourage homeowners to replace lawns and landscaping with low-water xeriscaping, as that would save a lot of water throughout the region. In addition, there needs to be more research and development into alternative technologies, such as desalination, underground water storage, and stormwater management."
Tags: water shortages, distribute rain snowmelt, drying up, trickle, lake mead, conservationxeriscapingdesalinationstormwater
Abstract This report contains the considerations to be taken when planning, designing, and implementing stormwater management projects. The paper details the human, physical, and managerial concerns.
From the Paper " Frequency and intensity of storms will be another factor to be considered by those planning the system, as they will have to make the decision of what is the acceptable risk of damage, if overwhelmed. The discharge can be considered a method of control, in terms of how successful the system is. It will also be the quantifiable factor leading to assessing the effects downstream, good or bad."
Abstract This paper is a literature review of the feasibility of desalination plants in New South Wales. The paper also explores the environmental, economic and social impact of desalination plants as well as offering some practical steps that can be taken to mitigate environmental degradation courtesy of these facilities. Finally, the paper concludes with some alternatives to desalination facilities that might just work.
From the Paper "In recent years, the feasibility of establishing desalination plants in Australia has become a topic of much debate. The following paper will review the available literature on this subject and attempt also to shed some light on a matter that is often poorly understood by the average citizen. In particular, the paper will evaluate the feasibility of desalination plants in Australia and contemplate the long-term impact of these facilities upon the Australian environment, economy and Australian society. Moreover, the paper will look at how negative environmental factors arising from the creation of desalination plants in Australia (especially in New South Wales) can be mitigated; just as importantly, the following paper will explore whether practicable alternatives are available that might make the construction of these plants unnecessary."
Abstract This paper examines desalinization as a process of removing salt from sea water so that it can be used for drinking, watering crops or industrial processes. The author points out that, because water is so important to the very existence of life, the methods used in its allocation and distribution can't be ignored. The paper looks at two methods of desalinization.
From the Paper "Water is a very valuable resource. Water is essential for every organism on the planet in one form or another. Human's are no exception to this rule. For example Stephen Brooks and Lydia Milijan in Water Policy say, Water is essential for human life. We require water to sustain our lives, and about 83 per cent of our blood is water. Water helps digest our food, take in oxygen, transport body wastes, and control body temperature (Brooks and Milijan 262). The fact that water is so important to the very existence of life means that the methods used in its allocation and distribution can't be ignored."
Abstract This paper examines how the main argument of Igoe's "Conservation and Globalization A Study of National Parks and Indigenous Communities from East Africa to South Dakota" has, as its title suggests, two main parts. It looks at how on the one hand the author examines the conservation movement and its impact upon indigenous peoples. However, the author is also interested in the processes by which conservation is spread through globalization and through colonialism in earlier years by the shaping of our perspectives on the world in which we live.
This paper addresses the "land ethic" put forth in Aldo Leopold's "A Sand County Almanac" in which he suggests that human beings will never be able to reconcile conservation efforts with their desire to maintain a contact with the natural world.
900 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 1 source, 2002, $ 35.95
Abstract This paper addresses the "land ethic" put forth in Aldo Leopold's "A Sand County Almanac" in which he suggests that human beings will never be able to reconcile conservation efforts with their desire to maintain a contact with the natural world. In turn, this destroys the natural world.
Tags: ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES AND ECOLOGY / ETHICS, conservation effort leopold
Abstract This paper shows that an important concept in children's development of cognitive skills is the concept of conservation of properties. As was pointed out by Jean Piaget, a very significant feature of pre-operational thought is that it tends to center attention on one noticeable or striking feature of an object, while ignoring or neglecting other aspects, resulting in a distortion of the reasoning process.
From the Paper "An important concept in children's development of cognitive skills is the concept of conservation of properties. As was pointed out by Jean Piaget, a very significant feature of pre-operational thought is that it tends to center attention on one noticeable or striking feature of an object, while ignoring or neglecting other aspects, resulting in a distortion of the reasoning process. An older person is able to decenter, i.e. to take into account aspects of the object that compensate for the biasing effects of the one thing that is more prominent (Flavell, 1963). This has been clearly demonstrated in the so-called conservation studies (Lovell & Ogilvie, 1960; Rao, 1976; Ayers et al., 1974)."
Abstract The decades of the 1960s and 1970s were turbulent years in North American society. The rise of the counter culture feminism and of various historically marginalized interest groups changed the dynamic of political and social debate in a way that remains with us yet. This paper explores the reasons why a conservative reaction to the liberalism of the aforementioned two decades sprang up in the 1980s and in the 1990s, especially in the United States.
Abstract This paper introduces, discusses, and analyzes water restrictions in Lubbock Texas. Specifically, discusses local water restrictions and the block billing system that the city council designed. The paper criticizes Lubbock's introduction of block billing and raising water rates as a tool for water conservation. The paper explains that the billing is based on faulty calculations and will result in home and business owners paying more than their fair share of water costs. The paper suggests that to really gain the support of residents, the City Council should reconsider block billing and the time period used to set the rates, as it is faulty, unfair and results in water mismanagement rather than conservation.
From the Paper "Block billing is a system of averaging water (or other utility) usage, establishing guidelines, and billing according to an average of water consumption for residential and commercial enterprises. In Lubbock, block billing for water was proposed and adopted in 2006, and went into affect in April 2007. The block billing structure was built on an average from September 2006 through February 2007, but this is a time when consumption is lower than in the warmer summer months. Thus, consumers will be penalized for using normal amounts of water in the summer, because the average is faulty and does not take into consideration the warmer summer weather in Texas. Using a time that water consumption is lower may seem to be a way to ensure consumers conserve more water, but that has already been proved wrong, as the system was only in effect a little over two months when residents were placed on emergency water restrictions."
Abstract The paper looks at the three main mechanical processes of desalination commonly used today: electrodialysis reversal, thermal desalination and reverse osmosis. The paper discusses how the preexisting water supply was not enough for Perth, Australia to handle all the new people moving to the city. The paper describes how Perth began using the desalination process of reverse osmosis to treat its seawater. The paper examines the problems of costs and energy sources as well as their solutions. The paper concludes that Perth's new reverse osmosis plant has proven to other parts of the world that desalination can be a clean, efficient and cost-effective process.
From the Paper "Desalination is a mechanical process by which saltwater from oceans can be converted into drinking water for human consumption by removing the salt. There are three main mechanical processes of desalination commonly used today; electrodialysis reversal, thermal desalination, and reverse osmosis.
"Electrodialysis reversal is the most intricate and cost effective desalination system of the three commonly used processes. Electricity is used to ionicly charge the salt in the seawater molecules, and then it is passed through an ion permeable membrane filtering the charged salt molecules. On the other side of the membrane, the water is clean and safe to drink. This process is problematic because of its extensive use of electricity, which is expensive and sometimes unavailable."
Tags: electrodialysis, reversal, thermal, costs, energy, sources, water
Abstract The paper examines the Conservative philosophy and explores the extent to which the British Conservative party have been committed to tradition and continuity. The paper discusses how the Conservative party represents the forces of tradition, continuity and status quo and has been the party of choice for voters who abhor left-leaning liberals and state interference in private business. The paper relates, however, that at the same time, the Conservative party has not been averse to subtle changes in its ideology over the years as it has adopted several key liberal doctrines such as 'progressivism' and 'individualism' at various stages in its history.
Outline:
Origins of the Conservative Ideology and the British Conservatives The Extent of Commitment to Tradition and Continuity by the British Conservatives Conclusion
From the Paper "Conservatism , as the term implies, refers generally to a political philosophy or a frame of mind that favors tradition, continuity and the status quo. However, Conservatism does not have a single uniform doctrine or thesis, and a Conservative party in one country may follow policies or have objectives that are vastly different from those of another country. For example, the Conservative movement in the United States has historically emphasized the principles of economic individualism and social Darwinism, which is closer to the concept of liberalism than the Burkean Conservative doctrine followed in the UK. In Britain, too, Conservatism has not remained a static doctrine but has incorporated aspects of progressivism and individualism, which were previously part of classical liberalism."
Abstract This paper illuminates the consistency of the war on progressive, liberal, and leftist causes and its impact on the application of public administration, including conservatives' dismantling of the politics-administration dichotomy and the progressive ideals of the New Public Administration. It argues that conservatives have won the battle of reality shaping and imposed their ideology as the dominant narrative in America. Counter-narratives face a daunting task in shifting the paradigm. It also discusses how today, the extremes within this movement barely feel the need to operate within the constraints of the Constitution.
Outline:
Purpose
No One Left
Understanding the Right
American Right Wing Timeline
The Demonization of Liberalism and the Living Liberals Who Espouse It
The Right-Wing Propaganda Machine
What Is Liberalism?
The Triumphs of Liberalism
Labor Movement
The Red Scare
Conservative Rhetoric and Bad Policies
The Right Race
Affirmative Action and the Conservative Realignment
Public Administration Theory and Practice - The Right Way
Final Thoughts
From the Paper "The conservative ideological victory is nearly complete. After one hundred and fifty years of aggression toward liberal and progressive American causes, the conservative elites can almost claim victory, having thwarted efforts to establish an honest dialectic on wealth, class-based opportunity, and the confounding questions surrounding race. Today, the conservatives of America can launch illegal wars, record unprecedented deficits, restructure the tax code to favor the wealthiest Americans, and subvert even our most basic civil rights and liberties."
Tags: Liberal, Segregation, right-wing, conspiracy, bush
Abstract This paper explores the ideas and aims of President Ronald Reagan. It discusses the concept of him as the originator of the compassionate conservative movement. The paper then aims to demonstrate that while Reagan's ideas were appealing to the general population of the United States, they did not have inherent validity when contrasted against the methods that Reagan and his Administration used to administer reforms under compassionate conservatives. It suggests that, in fact, adherence to Reagan's ideas of compassion penalized the average American citizen. The paper provides the writer's opinion on the issue.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
The Idea of the Compassionate Conservative The Execution of Compassionate Conservative Policies
Analysis of the Ideas of Compassionate Conservatism
Conclusion
From the Paper "Reagan's party platform of Compassionate Conservatism was founded on ideas with significant appeal for the average American. It is easy to believe that exploitation occurs: every time I pay my taxes, I regret that I have no real control over how my taxpayers spend the money I have worked so hard to earn. The message of a politician who would work in my best interests to eliminate wasteful spending and to keep my money out of the hands who have done nothing to earn it is undeniably appealing. There is nothing inherently wrong with the idea of a Compassionate Conservative. The problem is in the execution: Reagan's policies sounded phenomenal but did little beyond endorsing strategies to improve the quality of life of the upper class and businesses, while penalizing persons who needed assistance. In my opinion, this does not demonstrate compassion. This demonstrates a keen eye for salesmanship."
Abstract This paper takes a look at the Jewellery Quarter, the oldest manufacturing community of Birmingham, UK and reviews the possible steps available to preserve the historical value and unique quality of this historical district without causing harm to the area.
Contents
Introduction
Review and Discussion
British Heritage Conservation Principles
Birmingham History and Background
The Birmingham Jewellery Quarter
Birmingham Jewellery Quarter Today
Current Conservation Initiatives
Conclusion and Recommendations
From the Paper "British Heritage Conservation Principles. Heritage conservation in the United Kingdom is certainly not new, and many of the major organisations and systems currently in place have been working to preserve historic sites for many years; for example, the National Trust was established in 1895 with the goal of acquisition and preservation, on the nation's behalf and in perpetuity, of places of scenic beauty (Allmendinger & Thomas, 1998). In the mid-20th century, the Trust starting acquiring country houses and estates as tax regimes changed to the disadvantage of traditionally wealthy landed gentry; while some families remained in residence, the goal was to encourage public access to these historic sites, and today, the Trust is the largest private landowner in the UK (Allmendinger & Thomas, 1998). According to Larkham (1996), the heritage conservation concept was heavily influenced by legal decisions in the early 1960s; in this regard, the impetus for these principles, like much conservationist legislation in the UK, was a Private Member's Bill. Allmendinger and Thomas note that, "These areas were defined as 'areas of special architectural or historic interest, the character or appearance of which it is desirable to preserve or enhance': a definition which remains unchanged today. Designation was a simple process largely carried out by the local planning authority (LPA). It is a popular process, with nearly 10,000 areas designated across the UK by 1996" (p. 56). Today, heritage conservation has become increasingly applied to the marketing of products and, particularly relevant for the purposes of this investigation, whether individual sites or monuments, or entire "tourist-historic cities" (Ashworth and Tunbridge, 1990). "
Abstract In this article, the writer notes that the growth and development of the marine industry has been sustained by the rise and application of newer technologies, innovative business ideas and incentives given by the government. The writer then points out that with the turn of the twentieth century, one witnessed marine resources being widely explored and exploited for profit making. This exploration and exploitation has been enabled mainly by improved and enhanced technological innovations, which included fully developed and customized boats, fishing, digging and navigational equipment. This mushroom growth has left behind the institutions that are responsible for regulating marine laws. The writer discusses that Governments have been unable to maintain their regulatory measures with the pace of growth assumed by the private sector. The writer concludes that one of the most successful endeavors for the promoting of marine preservation and marine life protection has been the Greenpeace project that has been pressuring international and national governments to make and implement laws that protect the underwater environment, the animals and the future of the under water life. There is still a long way to go and sincere steps have to be taken to ensure comprehensive marine conservation
Outline:
Introduction
Background to the Problem
Marine Conservations Organizations
The First Law: The Magnuson-Stevens Fishery Conservation and Management Act
The Second Law: The Marine Mammal Protection Act (MMPA)
The Third Law: Marine Protection, Research, and Sanctuaries Act - Ocean Dumping
Conclusion
From the Paper " Organizations engaged in political campaigning to pressurize Congress to pass laws and enforce them countrywide use public awareness and attention to rally support for their cause. The more public support they acquire, the higher the propensity of politicians jumping in the marine conservation campaign. Coast Alliance is one organization that can be considered as an ideal example for organizations that are currently active in political campaigning and gathering local support. It currently has coalition partners (other non-profit organizations) across America, all of whom are striving for maximum results. Similarly, Earthjustice is another organization that has been proactive engaged in the enforcement of existing laws representing hundreds of other marine conservation organizations. In addition, Marine Conservation Biology Institute aims to rally the scientific community on one platform in order to facilitate scientific research and set agendas for policy issues and pass on accurate information to both government and public."
