Abstract
This paper argues that a high rate of unemployment has a negative effect on the national economy and greatly affects the living standards of the people. The writer states that, apart from the loss of productivity and the consequent economic downside, unemployment also has negative psychological implications and damaging effects on the family structure.

Outline
1) Introduction
2) Causes of Unemployment
a) The Four Components (Cyclical, Structural, Frictional and Seasonal Components)
b) Increased Productivity
c) Globalization, Outsourcing
3) Unemployment Statistics
a) National Unemployment Rates
b) State Wise Comparison
4) Effects of Unemployment
a) Okun's Law (Relation between GDP and Unemployment)
b) Unemployment and National Debt
5) Unemployment Benefits
a) Unemployment Insurance
b) Extended Benefits (TEUC)
c) Trade Adjustment Assistance (TAA)
d) Personal Reemployment Accounts (PRA)
6) Personal Effects of Unemployment
a) Financial Strain
b) Psychological Effects
c) Effects on Family
7) Conclusion

From the Paper
"Unemployment is one of the major economic problems affecting a nation. The United States, one of the vibrant economies in the world currently suffers from a huge unemployment crisis with more than 8 million people in the civilian workforce without jobs. After a decade of continued and consistent growth (1990 to 2000), which saw a growing GDP and a booming economy, there started a period of recession. Unemployment rates reached a recent high of 6.1% in June 2003. The loss of productivity and the extended unemployment benefits have created additional strain on the already deficient federal budget, which in turn has resulted in higher burden for the tax paying citizens. Let us analyze the underlying causes for unemployment, the unemployment support and provisions offered by the government and the effects of unemployment on the individual as well as the national economy as a whole."

Tags:finance, family, work, self, esteem, employment

Abstract
This paper names and analyzes four consequences of colonialism when a country moves from colonial rule to self-rule. Consequences and issues include the development of the compradore class, distortion of economies, over developed social control and the status of women.

From the Paper
"Life is change. The cycle of government and the change brought about in the United States, for example from one administration to another, illustrates how priorities can change almost over night when simply depending on an election. When a country moves from depending on acolonial government to independent self-rule, those changes can end up being extremely drastic in nature, despite the preparations made by everyone involved. How the governments and citizens of these recently liberated nations adapt and the problems caused by the colonial rule in..."

Tags:consequences, colonials, independence, third world, third world, self rule

Abstract
Millions of Americans, not to mention billions around the world, suffer from social inequality. This paper addresses this issue and its consequences.

Tags:consequences, social, inequality

Abstract
This presents the causes of the Black Death and explains how it was able to spread so far and so quickly. It also discusses the immediate and long-term economic, social and cultural consequences of the Black Death, in late medieval England. The paper shows how the causes, spread and the various consequences of the Black Death were all related to new trends in population. The paper includes an annotated bibliography.

Table of Contents:
Introduction
Causes
The Spread of the Black Death
Immediate Consequences of Black Death
Long-term Consequences of Black Death
Conclusion

From the Paper
"At the heart of the Black Death are changes in population trends. Those changing trends such as urbanization, emigration, and new trading structures caused the Black Death. The same trends also caused the conditions which produced many economic, social, and cultural changes. The greatest economic consequence of the Black Death was an improvement in the standard of living. However, villeinage was just as much strengthened. The greatest social consequence was the reduction in population. Out of the Black Death came a new secular culture that was focused on state building (Cohn 738). The entire social and economic history of late medieval England was determined by the Black Death."

Tags:medievil, demographics, plague

Abstract
In this research report, the writer provides information about the consequences of unemployment to world economies and presents economic tools that deal with the growing rate of unemployment by avoiding or managing its economic and social consequences. The writer discusses that both developed and undeveloped countries suffer from the recession and experience high levels of unemployment that can be solved by introducing monetary or fiscal policies, by educating people, by always providing the right and updated information. The writer concludes that unemployment is deemed to be a truly important statistic used by the government to estimate the health of the economy and the current unsatisfactory rates represent a problem that needs an immediate solution.
This paper includes charts.


Table of Contents:
Introduction
Consequences of Unemployment to World Economies
The Feasibility of Encouraging Economic Growth
Should Developed Countries Help Third World Countries?
Foreign Investment
Dealing with the Growing Rate of Unemployment
Recommendations
Conclusion
Bibliography

From the Paper
"Economists argue that economic growth is a way to cure unemployment, thus, they suggest using it against the current growing rate of unemployment. Whether this is feasible or not under the current financial crisis, it is a hotly debated issue. It is a fact that developed economies are in recession and undeveloped economies are experiencing a slowdown of their activity. According to IMF and its 2009 report, "continued deleveraging by the financial sector and dramatic declines in consumer and business confidence has triggered a sharp deceleration in domestic demand across the globe"(11). In addition, the world trade and industrial activity are significantly falling, whereas the labor market is weakening. To illustrate this, global growth was experiencing a weakening, with a deccelaration of the activity from 3.5% in 2008 to 0.5% in 2009; a gradual recovery is expected for 2010. Also, the decline in external demand has hit the advanced economies such as the euro zone and Japan, whereas the economic insecurity has caused the consumption decrease and business investment decline in US. Also, these increase in a decreasing way of the growth, will have an impact on low-income countries as well. "

Tags:economic, financial, labor, profits

Abstract
This paper examines the importance of pollination services. As the author explains, the health of ecosystems and agriculture worldwide depends on pollinating services performed by particular pollinators. This paper evaluates the importance of pollinators, provides statistical evidence for vertebrate and invertebrate pollinator decline and examines causes and consequences of pollinator decline. The paper also demonstrates the consequences of pollinator decline in terms of plant pollinator interactions and corresponding research, including figures. The paper concludes that that the functional diversity of the pollination network is critical to ecosystem sustainability and productivity.
I. Introduction
II. Importance of Pollinators
III. Pollinator Decline
A) General Pollinator Decline
B) Honey Bee Decline
C) Decline of other Pollinators
IV. Causes of Pollinator Decline
A) Pesticide Misuse
B) Loss of Habitat and Forage
C) Diseases and Pests
D) The "Killer Bee Hype"
E) Light Pollution) Monocultures
G) Climate Change
V. Consequences of Pollinator Decline
A) Plant Pollinator Interactions
B) Decline of Genetic Variability and Effect on Plant Populations
VI. Reduction and Prevention of Future Pollinator Decline-
A) Possible Actions
B) Future Research Needs
VII. Conclusion
VIII. Literature Cited
IX. Figures and Data

From the Paper
"Green plants represent the primary food source for a large portion of the worlds living biota. Many plants reproduce sexually and require pollination agents to ensure genetic diversity and other adaptive advantages through cross-pollination. During the search for nectar, pollen, oil, or mates, pollinators transfer pollen from male anthers to female stigmas and hence perform pollination (Cane, 2001). Due to co-evolution among angiosperms and pollinators, many primary pollinator- plant relationships are highly specific. Therefore the health of ecosystems and agriculture worldwide depends on pollinating services performed by particular pollinators. In recent decades human activates have decimated biodiversity in many different species-rich groups, including invertebrates (Cane, 2001). Declines have been recorded in many groups of pollinators including: insects, bats, birds and mammals. This decline represents less frequent flower visitation, gradual decrease of seed and fruit production, and reproductive losses in additional taxa within the community and could eventually disrupt community function (Cane, 2001)."

Tags:bat, bee, bird, butterfly, change, climate, decline, ecosystem, environment, mammal, pesticide, plant, pollination, pollinator

Abstract
This paper focuses on the political concept of federalism, exploring theories as to its ethnic, geographical, political, and economic consequences throughout the world. The paper asserts that, in theory, after federalism has been established there is equal and shared power, so there is an incentive to work together for the benefit of all, rather than fighting or exaggerating differences between localities. The paper contends that this is able to happen because federalism guarantees power for regional governments in the central government, where regional interests can influence decisions as well as having a secondary government system. The federalist system offers an alternative to the centralized authority of unitary states, the paper explains; therefore, the expectation is that federal states with diverse populations will united despite this, and unitary systems with diverse populations will be disunited. The paper concludes that federalism is often found in countries with ethnic cleavages and due to the close relationship between the regional government and the electorate in many cases there is increased turnout at the regional level; however, each of the consequence has yielded results that contradict the general flow of this assertion. This paper contains illustrative tables and figures.

From the Paper
"The question also implies a degree to which the federalist system produces 'predictable consequences;' that there is some form of behavioural pattern or phenomenon that results due to the existence of the federal division of power. Based on this premise, it is possible to suggest patterns of behaviour that would be expected in federalist system. Three particular consequences have been chosen in order to assess this claim and to test how predictable they are. A federalist state would expect to have high voter turnout due to the localised nature of power in states, a voting system that uses a proportional representation in order to account for differences at the national level and finally that federalism has been implemented in states where there are diverse ethnic cleavages in the populations to increase unity. Each of these hypotheses will be taken individually and tested against case examples."

Tags:theory, international, structure, leadership

Abstract
This paper gives an in-depth analysis of the concept of "gender construction", which is one of the core tenets of scholarly research into gender roles and relations in human societies. This paper explores the issue of gender construction with particular reference to its personal and social consequences. The thesis will be argued that in both historical and contemporary contexts, the primary consequence of gender construction has been the shaping of inequitable power relations between women and men in society. On both personal and social levels, this inequity can often be seen translating into women being representedas passive consumers of technologies produced by active male agents.

From the Paper
"The concept of "gender construction" is one of the core tenets of scholarly research into gender roles and relations in human societies. This essay will explore the issue of gender construction with particular reference to its personal and social consequences. The thesis will be argued that in both historical and contemporary contexts, the primary consequence of gender construction has been the shaping of inequitable power relations between women and men in society. On both personal and social levels, this inequity can often be seen translating into women being represented - and thereby defined - as passive consumers of..."

Tags:gender, construction, society

Abstract
This paper discusses how war has been waged for thousands of years, dating back to ancient civilizations like Greece, Macedonia, Hittites, China, the Three Kingdoms etc. The paper reports that through the years, warfare has evolved. With the invention of gunpowder by the Chinese around 300 - 650 AD, and the introduction of smokeless gunpowder in 1886 by Paul Vieille, war has quickly become a means for countries to extend their borders and influence friends and neighbors alike through strong arm tactics. The paper goes on to discuss how there is never any action without consequences but throughout history, leaders have always been more concerned with the outcome of the conflict than with the consequences of their actions.

Outline:
Introduction
CONGO: Africa's First World War
Middle East: War-A way of Life
Conclusion

From the Paper
"War and the Middle East have had an ongoing love affair for centuries now. Dating back from the Ottoman and Persian Empires to modern day Iraq and the Palestinian territories, conflicts on a grand scale have existed there. Today, the focus is on the Palestinian and Israeli conflict and the devastation caused by both sides. With the lack of a modern day military Palestinian militants have adopted a brand of guerilla warfare, with suicide bombers killing themselves, along with innocent Israeli civilians, in the name of Allah. On the other side you have the Israeli military, arguably the best trained military in the world, conducting military campaigns across the border in hopes of destroying the militant infrastructure. This conflict has been going on for years and there seems to be no end in sight. "

Tags:middle, east, africa, iraq, warfare, conflict, wealth, power, atrocities

Abstract
The writer of this paper summarizes the book and then addresses a question to the author about the book's premise. In addition the paper explains why the book is important and what bearing it has on today's America.

From the paper:

"The author calls the book Blowback because it is a term meaning unintended consequences for some government action. He believes that we are headed for some blowback consequences that will arise from our recent militaristic movement around the world. The book is a challenge to America to rethink our world position and be sure we are sending the message that we want to send. He uses examples such as stationing 35,000 men in the gulf area following the Gulf War and reminds the reader that it caused immediate hatred by the Arabs including Bin Laden."

Tags:american, military, operations, allied, relations, fight, protect, freedom, isolationists, terrorist