Abstract
This paper examines the consensus approach to criminal justice. This approach is one that emphasizes the opinion of the whole society. These opinions are ones that are streamlined through legislation and reinforced through social institutions. The paper makes reference to the principles of Michalowski, where social institutions come together in order to act in positive manners. This means that all actions carried out by social institutions are legitimized in the eyes of the society.

From the Paper
"If laws did not exist, there would be no social institutions, and hence chaos would prevail with much insecurity. There would also be no education, and therefore no development as well. Since there would be much chaos there would be plenty of injustice, which no one would want to live amidst. Hence laws applied and the actions that are taken through them are all seen as justified. This is the reason why those who break the law are all seen as evil or abnormal in some way or the other. This legitimizes the actions that are taken against them."

Tags:crime, society, law

Abstract
Summary: The repressed/false memory debate is marked by sharp polarities of what Loftus terms firm believers and skeptics who "point to the reconstructive nature of memory and ask for evidence and corroboration". The debate is far from theoretical since individual's reputations and futures are at stake. While the claims and arguments on both sides of the controversy will be discussed, the purpose here is to explore the nature of memory, repression and dissociation to determine if therapists can distinguish between true and false memories of childhood trauma.

Tags:false, memory, debate

Abstract
The lack of a consensus in terms of a standardized protocol for smoking cessation is largely due to the paucity of up-to-date evidence regarding best practice. Pharmacological interventions may be offered to willing individuals as well as regular follow-up and easy access to a support group comprised of health providers willing to offer not only services, but a helping hand, as these times may be most trying for smokers attempting to quit. While aggressive patient surveillance, advice, assessment and referral to formal programs is in deed desirable, the nurse - or any health professional - must be willing to work in a multidisciplinary environment to steer smokers towards a more healthy way of life.

From the Paper
Evidence-Based Practice: Smoking Cessation and the Nurse's Role Problem Background Smoking is considered a risk factor for the development or acceleration of many preventable diseases, many of which lead to death. According to the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) (2005), chief among the many deaths smoking is associated with from 1997 to 2001 include cardiovascular disease (86,800), coronary ischemia, myocardial infarction and strokes (17,400), diabetes, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and emphysema (90,600) and a host of malignancies (34,700) apart from lung cancer (123,800) that can involve the oral cavity, esophagus, kidney, pancreas,

Tags:smoking, cessation, nursing

Abstract
There is a general consensus that one's workplace is tied in with one's general well-being. Most critics tend to sway towards the workforce increasingly facing higher levels of stress, and thus experiencing reduced well-being. The problem is common to the Western world. As work hours seem to grow longer, lunch hours shrink and women become a bigger part of the workforce, "work" becomes a large part of our society.

From the Paper
Work and Well-being Introduction There is a general consensus that one's workplace is tied in with one's general well-being. Most critics tend to sway towards the workforce increasingly facing higher levels of stress, and thus experiencing reduced well-being. The problem is common to the Western world. As work hours seem to grow longer, lunch hours shrink and women become a bigger part of the workforce, "work" becomes a large part of our society. It is such an issue that the government and various health bodies have strategized against the sentiment. The HM Government says that "work

Tags:work, well, being

Abstract
The paper discusses how group think and suggestibility are two of the explanations used for why humans tend to come to a consensus as a group. The writer doubts the explanation of group think, but discusses his/her personal experience with suggestibility.

From the Paper
"Doris Lessing attributes our willingness to submit to the common thinking of a group based on an emotional need to be included. Those who consistently go against the grain are generally unhappy outcasts. The Milgram experiment, where people are willing to possibly kill another to gain the acceptance of the experiment administrator, is cited as evidence. I do not agree. It is true that it is difficult to actively disagree with a group. But it is my experience that people generally join groups..."

Tags:Ashe, and, Lessing

Abstract
Practical experience in teaching is a controversial issue. There is no consensus about it. This field includes training physical education teachers for schools. Many students believe that practical experience is the core of the teaching process that applies the theories they learned, the didactic methods to impart knowledge skills. This paper examines several influential parameters, including the interaction between teaching students and the pedagogical instructor, as well as mentor, and their contribution to the practical training of physical education instruction students. The paper also indirectly proposes changes and emphasis on content in the practical experiment curriculum of these students, which makes an essential contribution to their training success.

Table of Contents
Introduction
Chapter A Literature Review
Teacher Training
The Behaviorist Model
The Rationalist Platonic Model
The Hermeneutic Model
The Critical Model
The Constructivist Model
Physical Education
Chapter B Research Methods
Chapter C Findings
Chapter D Discussion
Chapter E Summary, Conclusions and Recommendations
Bibliography
Appendices
Appendix A
Appendix B

From the Paper
"In addition, during the practical training, factors that are involved in training students in their training process and that affect them are involved, such as pedagogy and the mentor (Reichenberg 1998). There are two basic perspectives regarding the practical application of theories in the work conducted by students of teaching.
The first, and more dominant, views actual teaching in a classroom as an applicable science, i.e. a process that links the theory to practice. In other words, the development of the ability to apply theoretical knowledge learned by the student within the educational framework, and the practical experience in the training process in schools."

Tags:experience, practical, didactic, instruction

Abstract
This paper defines and compares anorexia, an individual refusing to maintain a normal body weight, with underweight defined as 85% of normal weight for the person's age and height, and bulimia, episodes of binging and purging taking place a minimum of two times per week for three months or longer. The author points out that when first identified in the 1870s occurrences of anorexia were quite rare, but the number of cases has been accelerating rapidly since the 1970s. The paper reviews the biomedical, psychological, cultural and developmental models in search of a definitive etiology, but none of these explain totally the cause.

From the Paper
"Changes in the hypothalamus' secretion of the hormone CRH, for example, have been shown to occur in depressed and anorexic individuals. This organ, which is responsible for the regulation of various homeostatic processes such as respiration, food and water intake, digestion, and metabolism, and this leads many to conclude that the misfiring of the hypothalamus is responsible for aberrant behaviors associated with digestion, food intake, and so on. But, research has only shown the covariance of the disorder and the secretory aberration. This means that the organic change could be the result of damage from anorexic starvation, or that psychic stress interferes with the organ's operations, (and it is known to be sensitive to "environmental stress" that has led to "pathologic changes in the organism". Or, it might be the case that anorexia nervosa, and its psychological expressions, are the result of a "primary hypothalamic defect of unknown etiology."

Tags:biomedical, culture, developmental, hormone, fear

From the Paper
" European intentions to develop a true common foreign and security policy, as described in the Maastricht Treaty, are shaping up into some major battles over the structure and decisionmaking process of the European Community. The Community is continuing to struggle over defining and implementing the provisions of the Maastricht Treaty, which include problems ranging from uncertainty over the timetable for economic and monetary union--the single European currency which is supposed to encourage greater political unity--to fears of establishing the Western European Union as a non-NATO policing/military unit under Community direction.


Central to these new developments in the European Community is the role of the office of the General Secretariat--the administrative and research arm of the European Community's..."

From the Paper
"Any discussion of a national obscenity standard must begin with the question: Does one exist? The 1973 U.S. Supreme Court ruling in Miller v. California, along with subsequent clarifying decisions, declared that from then on local communities would in effect establish their own rules and standards of what was and was not obscene. What's more, the court "specifically rejected the concept of a nationwide "contemporary community standard," and left to the individual states" to determine the scope of the community upon which questionable material might be judged (Linz, 1994, 82). Thus, at the time many thought this might abolish for good any thought of a national standard. Not surprisingly, however, considering the unpredictability of American public life, the high court's ruling has raised surprising ..."

From the Paper
"The Functions and Characteristics of Leadership

This paper will examine the purpose or functions of leadership and the characteristics of leaders,as described by various leadership theories. It will also examine the theory that leadership is an attribute created out of a perceived social reality.

The most basic purpose of a leader is to provide direction to a group. In and of itself, a group is relatively inefficient when compared to an individual because it must take time to coordinate its actions (Chemers, 1984, p. 92). A group is created, however, to accomplish tasks which cannot be handled by an individual; in addition, large groups composed of smaller groups may be formed to handle large and complex tasks. A primary goal of any large organization, therefore, is to unite ..."