Abstract China has been governed twice by a foreign group. The first was that of the Mongols, in the thirteenth century. The second was that of the Manchus, in the seventeenth century. This paper explains the reasons why the Mongols were only able to govern for a relatively short period of time, during which they caused an incredible amount of discontent among the Chinese, and why the Manchus managed to be much more successful in controlling China until the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries. The paper examines events preceding the Mongol and Manchu conquests, as well as the ways by which the invaders were able to establish sovereignty. The important aspects of the Mongol and Manchu administrations are also examined, with an emphasis on the differences in those administrations, which provides reasons for Mongol failure and Manchu success. Finally, the demise of both dynasties is examined.
From the Paper "The Mongols originated in the northern steppe, the land of which was not very accommodating for sedentary agriculture. Consequently, the Mongols were a nomadic people, specialists in animal husbandry and horse riding. From a very young age the males and females learned to ride on horseback and shoot arrows, creating a highly skilled fighting force. The Mongols organized themselves into tribes, which on occasion united under one khan. The Mongols considered their free lifestyle superior to that of the stationary farmers to the south. The Han Chinese in contrast relied on agriculture to fund the economy. The literati, a group made up of learned men who spent their days philosophizing and painting in the countryside, were revered. Due to an established examination system, the society was relatively mobile, allowing men from low ranking families to work as high government officials. The Chinese felt themselves above the barbarian nomads to the north. This great disparity between the two cultures is the greatest cause of the inability of the Mongols to control China effectively."
Tags: china dynasty mongol manchu agrarian emperor conquered westerner's empire, great wall, ming suicide heaven japan asian porcelain, genghis khan, han sovereignty
Abstract The paper considers the novel "Utopia" by Thomas More that describes conquests in a utopian society and Bartolome de Las Casas's "Short Account of the Destruction of the Indies." The paper examines the justification for conquest, treatment of the conquered, and rights of the conquered. The paper explains how these two works show different scenarios. In the Utopian society, there is reasonable justification for the conquest, the conquered people are treated well and the conquered people are given full rights. In the case of the Spaniards and the Indians, there is no valid justification for the conquest, the Indians are treated harshly, and the Indians are stripped of their rights. Despite these apparent differences, the paper shows that both works offer the same message.
Contents:
Conquering "Primitives" and the Justification for Conquest
The Treatment of the Conquered The Rights of the Defeated
Conclusion
From the Paper "In Utopia there is a lot of detail given justifying the conquest of primitives. This starts with a statement that the Utopians detest war and do not enter into battle easily. The strongest statement made about the Utopian position on war is that "they count nothing so much against glory, as glory gotten in war" (More, The Second Book of Warfare). Considering that society typically considers war as being associated with glory, this statement shows that the society rejects war as much as they possibly can. The book then goes on to describe the justifications for war. These justifications include defending their own country, driving out enemies from the lands of their friends, and freeing oppressed people from tyranny and bondage. It is this third justification that is their reason for conquering the original inhabitants of Utopia. Essentially, they consider that the original inhabitants are being ruled wrongly and that their conquering of the people will free them and allow them to be ruled in the correct way. The book even states that they conquer lands where people are oppressed out of "mere pity and compassion" (More, The Second Book of Warfare)."
Abstract The question is sometimes asked whether or not the Incas were conquered and colonized, or whether they voluntarily became part of the Spanish society. This paper argues that, once one studies the history of the Incas and their desire for power, one will be convinced that the Incas were conquered, as they would never have given up voluntarily to the Spanish.
From the Paper "The fact that the Incas were a power hungry people and a powerful regime before the invasion of the Spaniards is proof of the fact that they were conquered and later colonized. The fact that the Incas took over more land and people than anyone ever had in the history of South America lends credibility to the idea that the only way the Spanish won them over was by force. If one studies the Inca cultures and traditions one can easily see that there was only one way for the Spanish to gain power over them, and it was by force."
Abstract This essay describes the challenges faced by a writer when writing a piece of creative writing. The writer speaks from his personal experience of writing short manuscripts.
From the Paper ?It lies before you, silent in its emptiness and formidable in its vastness. Like a Colorado slope fresh with virgin snow, it stretches clean, white and untouched across the horizon, waiting for the mark of your pen or the stroke of your keyboard. It is the dreaded blank page, that endless expanse of white space that waits in the void for that first brilliant word.Conquering the blank page is the first challenge faced by a writer. Transferring that first word from pen to paper or from keyboard to screen can be a difficult process.?
Compares the selling of this computer game online and offline. Examines the product, pricing, advertising, target market, segmentation and consumer behavior. Includes tables.
2,250 words (approx. 9 pages), 4 sources, 1999, $ 79.95
Abstract Formed in 1985, Las Vegas-based Westwood Studios has released several popular computer CD-ROM titles including: Dune II, the Lands of Lore series, the Kyrandia adventure trilogy, Monopoly for the Internet, Blade Runner, Games People Play and the Command & Conquer product line.
In all, Westwood Studios has created more than 50 games in its 13-year history, and is regarded as one of the premiere game publishers in the industry
From the Paper "COMPARISON OF THE SELLING OF "COMMAND & CONQUER"
ONLINE AND OFFLINE
Introduction
Formed in 1985, Las Vegas-based Westwood Studios has released several popular computer CD-ROM titles including: Dune II, the Lands of Lore series, the Kyrandia adventure trilogy, Monopoly for the Internet, Blade Runner, Games People Play and the Command & Conquer product line.
In all, Westwood Studios has created more than 50 games in its 13-year history, and is regarded as one of the premiere game publishers in the industry. This paper will examine the 1996 sales campaign for Command & Conquer, the premiere game in the series. Unless noted by a specific cite, all data concerning plans, strategies and problems are taken from telephone ..."
Abstract This paper traces the conquest on Mexico and the Aztec civilization by Hernando Cortez and his men in 1519 against the backdrop of the forces which influenced the Europeans to seek such a mission. The paper shows that the Europeans struggled with their ambivalence towards the two Americas and towards the native people whom they viewed as heathens and whose complexed cultures they were unable to understand. The paper explains that Cortez knew he was on a mission, not just for wealth, but to preserve the hegemony, both psychological and literal, of Europe. The paper examines the Aztec civilization and follows the course of the conquest until the Aztec surrended to Cortez's troops in 1521.
From the Paper "The Aztec culture was well developed; they had developed an agricultural system that fed a large population; had developed math that helped provide them with an accurate calendar; had built a system of water canals for crop irrigation; mined for gold, silver, tin and copper; and had created weapons such as clubs lined with volcanic glass called obsidian. These clubs could decapitate an animal with a single blow. They had developed cooking and eating utensils, and a system of trade and barter. They also had schools; they held slaves, and they practiced human sacrifice in religious ceremonies."
Tags: Malinche, King, Charles, I, Quetzalcoatl, Montezuma
Abstract This paper presents a detailed discussion about William the Conquerer who was the King of Normandy and the man who went through many battles in his lifetime. The author takes us on a journey in which we explore William's life and times as well as the things he accomplished while in power.
Abstract This paper compares and contrasts George Farquhar's 'The Beaux Stratagem' and Oliver Goldsmith's 'She Stoops to Conquer'. After providing the reader with adequate data, the author takes a position in conclusion.
This paper discusses the history, which led to the formation of the American-Japanese alliance, the partnership itself in terms of its socio-cultural, economic and geopolitical dimensions and the prospects for the future.
Abstract This paper explains that the kind of partnership, which was forged between these two nations following Japan's defeat in the Second World War, is unprecedented, an unlikely alliance between conqueror and conquered, an unequal alliance that places both parties in a position of advantage. The author points out that a major social factor influencing American-Japanese relations is the sense of insecurity and vulnerability, which the Japanese have, being subject to earthquakes, typhoons, tidal waves and the possibility of domination by nations with greater military strength; whereas, to the Japanese, the high degree of self-confidence displayed by Americans comes across as being "mindless arrogance". The paper relates that the Japan's phenomenal economic growth in the span of a single generation, owing largely to its 1960 "income-doubling program", has raised serious problems for the American-Japanese relationship, especially since it was paralleled by a slow decline in the American economy up until the 1980s.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Historical Overview
Social and Cultural Dimensions
Economic Dimensions
Geopolitical Dimensions
Conclusion: The Future of U.S.-Japanese Relations
From the Paper "U.S.-Japanese relations date back to the middle of the nineteenth century, when, in 1853, Commodore Matthew Perry sailed into Tokyo Bay and opened up Japan to trade with the West. The U.S.-Japanese Treaty of Amity and Commerce, signed in 1857, not only gave the United States an immediate advantage over its Western competitors, but also had the profound effect of re-instating the Japanese Emperor and launching Japan on the road to modernization. A more serious consequence, however, was Japan's emerging imperialist ambitions, which were early demonstrated in its launching of the Sino-Japanese War (1895-1895) with its resultant acquisition of Taiwan as well as in its success in the Russo-Japanese War (1904-1905) and subsequent annexation of Korea (1910) and Manchuria (1931). "
Tags: debt, conquer, multi-polarity, defense, military
Abstract This paper discusses the American territorial expansion from 1763-1803. It presents the larger aspects of the problems encountered. The paper begins with a general overview of the first frontier, the frontier before the revolution. It describes the obstacles to conquering a new continent and discusses the differences in the settlement of the South and the North. It then discusses the development of a national government in the 1787 Northwest Ordinance.
Table of Contents:
I. Overview Of The "First Frontier"; Or, The Frontier Before The Revolution
A. General Survey
B. Motives For Expansion In The Pre-Revolutionary Days
C. Settling the South
D. Settling The Northern Part
II. Trends of expansionism in the New Nation (1783-1796)
A. Moving to the Southwest
B. Heading for the Northwest
Iii. An Empire Of Liberty: Ideological Approaches
A. Liberty Vs. Private Enterprise: Antagonistic Views
B. The Conflicting Visions Of The West
C. Agriculture And/Or Manufactures
Iv. Organizing The West: From Statehood To Territory
A. The West Under State Status: Jefferson's Land Ordinance (1784)B. Erecting A National Government: The 1787 Northwest Ordinance
V. Implementing the Northwest Ordinance
VI. The Louisiana Purchase 1803
A. The Diplomatic Game
From the Paper "The frontier is the symbol of the advance of civilization, progressive Christianization, economic development, of the settlement in the wilderness, and the gradual disappearance of "savagery". The frontier was seen as the division between civilization and the wilderness. We could say that the first frontier is America as a British colony. In 1607 with Smith, the conquest started and became gradual. The first immigrants from Britain were the rejects of European society. They were paupers compelled to leave because they could not make ends meet in Britain. They settled in the Tidewater area where the soil could be cultivated. They could build small towns and make a living thanks to the natural resources the region offered. This was a slow and difficult experience. The country was peopled by natives and the presence of Spanish and French settlers in the Mississippi Valley did not solve the problem. The British settlers felt surrounded by enemies. The French presence was a significant factor until 1763 when the French and Indian war came to an end. The French were defeated and the British took control of the region. A treaty was signed in 1763, the Treaty of Paris, the French were driven out of the continent. However, the natives were still there and they were hostile to European presence."
This paper describes the unique civilization of the Aztecs, who lived in the land known today as Mexico and were conquered by the Spanish much like the Incas and the Mayas.
Abstract This paper explains that the Aztecs were known as "the people of the sun", which captures the meaning placed on the sun by the Aztecs and their way of life. The author points out that one interesting belief of the Aztecs, from their oral teachings, is their adaptation of the Nativity, as found in the Christian Bible, which the Aztecs called the "Spirit Child" and was recited accompanied by drums. The paper relates that one of the most mighty leaders of this civilization was Montezuma (1502-1521), who was an extraordinary builder; however, one week after the arrival of the Spanish, Emperor Montezuma was captured and the Spanish had gained total control of this great civilization.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Adaptation of the Nativity
Conquering Tenochtitlan
Montezuma
Everyday Life
Characteristics of the People
Religion
Human Sacrifice
Spanish Conquest
From the Paper "Everyday life in this city was also spectacular and unlike any day in present times. They awoke every morning to the sound of the giant drums. They would bathe in the canals of the city and the women would begin to make corn cakes for the day, today known as tortillas. They rarely ate breakfast, and would immediately set out to the fields to work. .... All of Aztec life depended on the peasant farmer. He had to grow all of the basic foods of the nation; corn, beans, peppers, and squash. This he did with no expensive machines, or extra workers, and he produced the same amount of crops that the southern sharecropper makes today."
Abstract This paper discusses Albert Bierstadt's art and describes how his paintings depict the landscapes and environments of the United States West in their most idyllic and archetypal form. The paper describes some of Bierstadt's specific paintings and provides an appendix with copies of the paintings for the reader to view. The paper suggests that Bierstadt held a bombastic mentality as he profited and helped forge the New Eden image of the soon to be conquered American West.
Table of Contents:
Cultivating His Landscapes
Bierstadt's New Eden
Bierstadt as Spokesman for Manifest Destiny
From the Paper "Bierstadt was a product of his time, a true purveyor of Manifest Destiny and profiteer over the national drive westward. By all accounts, he had no evil intent nor was he a morally bad figure. It is with the aid of historical perspective that we may see how his individual works and success played a role in the paradigm of the American West. His pervasive advertisement of a New Eden was merely one part among many in the schema of mid-19th century American society and politics. Indian Canoe is a testament to the repercussions of zealotry and the dehumanization of those who stand before faith. The weight of all humanity's consciousness is heavier for it."
Abstract A research essay on Cyrus the Great and the countries that he conquered and how he ruled his vast amount of land. Even though he is a man of the past he still has some effects on the lives of people today, and how some men feel about women. He constructed the largest library in the world in that time, and also the biggest army. At the same time he conquered the most amount of land in that period of time and controlled the largest sum of land as well. He constructed lands laws, which pertained of the First Universal Human Rights.
From the Paper "Throughout the course of history there have been great leaders. Leaders did many different things to become great leaders. A good leader can be described in many ways throughout history. A great leader may be defined as a prosperous individual that can take charge of rival tribes/nations and make them into one mighty nation. The leader is also a fair individual that doesn?t discriminate other cultures and allows them to go on under his nation. A good leader is also respected and looked up to by his nation and supporters. Cyrus the Great of Persia was a great leader that had all of these qualities and characteristics."
Tags: alexander, ancient, civilization, cyrus, great, iran, persia, persian, world
Abstract The following paper examines research on Cyrus the Great and all the countries he conquered as well as how he ruled his vast amount of land. The writer reveals that Cyrus in fact constructed the largest library in the world in that time, and also the biggest army and how he conquered the most amount of land at that period of time as well as controlled the largest sum of land.
From the Paper "Throughout the course of history there have been great leaders. Leaders did many different things to become great leaders. A good leader can be described in many ways throughout history. A great leader may be defined as a prosperous individual that can take charge of rival tribes/nations and make them into one mighty nation. The leader is also a fair individual that doesn't discriminate other cultures and allows them to go on under his nation. A good leader is also respected and looked up to by his nation and supporters. Cyrus the Great of Persia was a great leader that had all of these qualities and characteristics."
Abstract Many hail Napoleon as one of the greatest men of all time. He was emperor of the French who consolidated and institutionalized many reforms of the French Revolution. One of the greatest military commanders of all time, he conquered the larger part of Europe and did much to modernize the nations he ruled. The paper shows that many consider him a hero to the French people and to all the lands he conquered; bringing forth the same reforms that he had put into effect in France, such as The Napoleonic Code, abolishing serfdom and feudalism and guaranteeing basic rights. Many like to think of Napoleon not as a tyrant to his people but rather a hero. The paper shows, though, that others argue that his iron grip on the people cost them their freedom and his code was more against the people than for them. This paper, therefore, questions whether Napoleon was a tyrant or a hero to his people.
From the Paper "With all the glory and the splendor that some countries may have experienced, never has history seen how only one man, Napoleon, brought up his country, France, from its most tormented status, to the very pinnacle of its height in just a few years time. He was a military hero who won splendid land-based battles, which allowed him to dominate most of the European continent. He was a man with ambition, great self-control and calculation, a great strategist, a genius; whatever it was, he was simply the best. But, even though how great this person was, something about how he governed France still floats among people's minds. Did he abuse his power? Did Napoleon defeat the purpose of the ideals of the French Revolution? After all of his success in his military campaigns, did he gratify the people's needs regarding their ideals on the French Revolution? Was he a tyrant or a hero? This is one of the many controversies that we have to deal with when studying Napoleon. So the question we must ultimately answer is what kind of a leader was Napoleon Bonaparte?"
