Abstract This paper explores how one arrives at a conclusive theory of conspiracy that suggests the fact that one of America's most beloved leaders was systematically eliminated by his own countrymen, in the name of power and politics.
Table of contents
Introduction
The Assassination & Its Aftermath
The Conspiracy
From the Paper "The assassination of President Kennedy is an event that singularly stands out in both the memory and the history of the U.S., for it was an event that was to have a deep and enduring impact on the American public. The truth of this statement can be evidenced by the fact that most Americans who were above the age of five in 1963 can, to this day, recall exactly where they were and what they were doing when they heard the four words "the President is dead".
Abstract An examination of Nietzsche's philosophies of music which are still applicable today, and can be seen as the foundation of modern music theory. Nietzsche extensively employed the terms "Dionysian" and "Apollonian" in his conjectures about music. These are terms that are in reference to Plato and his suppositions about simple, ordered and unassuming music (Apollonian) versus irrational, anarchic, chaotic music (Dionysian).
From the Paper "German Philosopher/Musician/Composer, Friedrich Nietzsche (1844-1900) was particularly interested in what he believed to have been the higher quality of life that prevailed in certain periods of history, such as the Italian renaissance, the classic era of the Greeks, and Moorish civilizations in Spain. While most art forms were included under a single umbrella in Nietzsche's philosophies, he wrote extensively about music and musicians as a unique and separate entity."
Tags: apollonian, dionysian, friedrich, history, music, philosophy, theory
Abstract This paper explains that it is difficult to ascertain whether behavioral changes are the result of purely environmental or worldly changes or more probably a combination of the worldly happenings and subsequent physiological changes that follow. The author believes that even if a perfect human being were to be formed, there is no guarantee that this individual will act "appropriately" as designated by society. The author conjectures that the science of freedom would likely define freedom as the ability to decide mentally what is right and wrong, what is best and what is unworthy for any individual in particular.
From the Paper "For example, take an average individual, with characteristically "normal" behavior. A disaster occurs, a worldly event such as 9/11 where the person in question loses a loved one. The person, suffering a great loss and concern loses interest in every day activities, including working, taking care of the children and eating. The subsequent lack of nutrition that follows and the build up of stress hormones in the body results in physiological changes, which ultimately may lead to the person becoming depressed. Once depressed, further physiological changes may occur as medications may or may not be introduced that disrupt the chemistry of the body and result in variant behavior."
Abstract This essay will argue that although any account of Moses life is - in the terminology of one historian - "conjectural history", we may nonetheless perceive the significance of Moses as a defining figure in the Jewish people's defining of their religious and cultural identity.
Abstract This paper will argue both the pros and cons of legalizing the selling and use of marijuana. In doing so, it is the intention of this study to focus on the numerous factors, points and conjectures, which come into play in this controversial subject. In what follows, this study will attempt to frame the arguments as they pertain to the psychology of drug and alcohol, at the same time allowing for an appreciation of how this issue has engrossed public opinion in this country and the United States for the past few years.
Abstract This paper will attempt to analyze the life and achievements of the figure of Moses. It will be seen that the Biblical account may be examined in light of the history of Egypt and the Middle East around the time that the exodus of the Jews is believed to have occurred. It will be argued that, although any account of Moses' life must be - in the terminology of one historian - "conjectural history", we may nonetheless perceive through the fog of scripture and history the outlines of the man behind the myth of Moses.
Abstract This paper summarizes, analyzes, and critiques John Corcoran's work, in which he puts the different definitions of the word "implications" into distinct, well-defined, recognizable contexts. The paper reviews Corcoran's work from the perspectives of history, logic, philosophy, and linguistics.
From the Paper "In his paper, Corcoran lists several "implication" phrases in common English usage which presuppose that the premise ?A? is true and that validates the conclusion B. Corcoran also critiques the philosopher/mathematician Frege in that Frege's thesis on logic is constrained by his instincts. Corcoran avers that Frege included pure logic in his thinking and did not make room for deduction as a major contributor to the concept of implication. ?Frege's strategy was to show that no appeal to intuition is required for the derivation of the theorems of number theory. This in turn required that he show that the latter are derivable using only rules of inference, axioms, and definitions that are purely analytic principles of logic(Ref)??which he did not."
Abstract In 1991, Marilyn Young authored "The Vietnam Wars: 1945-1990". Although the book is considered a general history book on the theme of Vietnam War, it has a major slant and is not an unbiased, objective approach to the war by any means. This paper shows that, in short, the book debunks the belief by those in power at the time, such as George Bush, Sr., that America has ?finally kicked the 'Vietnam syndrome" or that the United States does all that it can not to get militarily involved with other political entities abroad. The paper explains that, by showing both the American and the Indochina sides of this military event, Young expresses that the war in Vietnam and other such activities contested the black-and-white conjectures that, in foreign policy, America always "meant well" and that Communism was always "bad."
From the Paper "She concludes that perhaps it is time to redefine the Vietnam syndrome. The term should no longer refer to the reluctance of the public to engage in war, but rather to the insistence of the present administration that the only cure for that long ago defeat is more war. As President Bush said in a December 2002 U.S. News & World Report interview: " ... it's very important for the American people to know my sentiments about military engagement, that I will use our military as a last resort and our first resort.... ""
Abstract The purpose of this paper is to introduce, discuss, and analyze the topic of the disease tuberculosis. Specifically, it describes how the white men brought tuberculosis (TB) with them as they colonized America and how the disease decimated the Native American population. It contains specific details about this event, including time-frames and the resulting impact on human history. It also contains conjecture about what would have happened historically had the event not occurred. Tuberculosis is a deadly disease that is making a comeback around the world. When it was first introduced to what would become the United States, it was little understood and uncontrollable.
From the Paper "Tuberculosis is actually a very ancient disease, but it was not until 1882 that it was actually discovered, by a scientist named Robert Koch. Before Koch made his discovery, tuberculosis was called many things, including the most accepted, "consumption," which was thought to be a wasting infection that involved the lungs. At the time, Koch's discovery was an important one for all of mankind. In fact, historian Rene Dubos notes, "All textbooks dealing with infectious diseases consider the discovery of the tubercle bacillus as the highest peak of the science of medical microbiology" (Dubos 93). Tuberculosis usually affects the lungs, but it can also have an effect on the intestines, bones and joints, the skin, and the lymphatic and nervous systems, though this happens less frequently than lung problems."
An analysis of the relationship between Prospero, Ariel and Caliban in William Shakespeare's "The Tempest" in the light of competing critical interpretations of the play.
Abstract This paper examines how "The Tempest" has attracted a vast array of critical attention, possibly because of its intriguingly ambiguous message which naturally invites conjecture. It looks at how it is a text loaded with nuances and ambiguities which make it impossible to pin down Shakespeare's original motivation or world view. By contemplating the relationship between Prospero, Ariel and Caliban it considers the author's views of their relationship in comparison with those of major critics.
From the Paper "Caliban's attitude to Prospero is one of absolute terror of his power rather than mere subservience. Mannnoni's argument of a "predisposition to dependency ", supported by Caliban's quick acceptance of Trinculo as "... a new master whose 'footlicker' he can become..." (quoted in Reader, p. 284) is hard to accept. Shakespeare's text is surely more light-hearted than this. Caliban's comic simplicity leads him to believe that Stephano and Trinculo are gods to be worshipped, not just men to be obeyed. In the magical surrounding of the island where the fantastic often happens, the naive Caliban can surely be forgiven for believing that Stephano and Trinculo are "...dropped from heaven" (2.2.134) or "Out o'th'moon" (2.2.135)."
Abstract There are numerous constraining factors that burden the process of forming an effective environmental policy in Australia. This paper discusses how clashing values and ideas prevent the formulation and implementation of coherent environmental policy in Australia. It looks at how Australia's over-reliance on a resource-based economy, federalist framework and failing policy processes often converge to create conjecture in the environmental arena. The conclusion is a brief summary, which reflects that the conflict and ambiguity plaguing environmental policy in Australia is the direct result of a confusion of ideas.
From the Paper "A quick review of environmental policy in Australia reveals the extent of confusion surrounding the issue, this confusion can be partially attributed to Australia's dependence on and sometimes exploitation of its natural resources to generate revenue (Eckersley, 1996:89). This utilitarian trend began with European settlement and originated from the developmentalist approach to land management (Walker, 1999:24-5). An approach that fails to recognise the value of nature beyond that which is appropriate for development such as mining, logging and other economically productive practices (Aplin, 1998:173). Developmentalism comes at an immense cost to the environment; large portions of Australia's woodlands and forests have already been destroyed in the relentless pursuit of economic growth. "
Abstract This paper provides a retrospective of the ideas about behaviorism and the environment contained in B.F. Skinner's 1971 book "What Is Man". The paper first summarizes Skinner's belief that man is shaped by his environment and experiences, and provides several examples from the text. Then the author critiques those theories, finding that Skinner is "heavy on conjecture, but light on proof."
From the Paper "Man, Skinner claimed, was shaped and is maintained by his environment. He agrees with Gilbert Seldes rather remarkable claim that environment changes people, that it "thirty little Hottentots" and thirty aristocratic English children had their environments switched, the English children would become Hottentots and the Hottentots conservative Englishmen. Skinner says that environmentalists actually tended to believe that if a Mongol on horseback were switched at birth with an Astronaut, they would accomplish the same things. The environmentalists may be literally saying that, if you put a rabbit along with lion cubs and is nursed along with those cubs, the rabbit will react like a lion when he gets older. There is something to be said about environment, especially when it comes to the lower order of animals, since, surely, as Darwin discovered, survival depended on adaptation to climate, environment, and other elements of nature."
Tags: nature, environment, evolution, behavior, philosophy, theory
Abstract In this article, the writer discusses that possibly the most well - known Egyptian figure of the ancient world is that of Tutankhamen or Tutankhamen, the boy King. This young Pharaoh is known to have died while still in his teens and was buried in Egypt's Valley of the Kings more than 3000 years ago. The story and the history of this young boy King have been the source of conjecture and mystery and has been called one of the greatest mysteries of the ancient Egyptian world. This is also related to the possibility that Tutankhamen may have been murdered. The writer notes that the life and history of this young King still remains to a large extent shrouded in mystery and modern research methods are continuality being implemented in an effort to find more information. The writer concludes that the great wealth and art that was preserved in the burial chamber of Tutankhamen will remain a source of wonder, whatever further research may reveal.
From the Paper "Akhenaten ruled Egypt from this city with his main wife, Nefertiti. She bore him six daughters but no son. This presented a problems concerning Akhenaten's lineage and for the continuation of the next Pharaoh. Scholars are of the opinion that Akhenaten and a lesser wife named Kiya were the parents of Tutankhaten, as Tutankhamun was known at first."
"In his early years Tutankhamun or Tutankhamen probably spent most of the formative period of his life in the palaces of Akhetaten and would have been tutored in many skills, including reading and writing. However, the historical records this period are very unclear and both the names of Nefertiti and Kiya no longer appear in the written records of the time. Another figure, Smenkhkare, however does appear in the records pertaining to the time and it has been suggested that he may have been a brother of Tutankhaten. What is clear is that Tutankhamen became Pharaoh after the deaths of Akhenaten and Smenkhkare at the age of nine."
Abstract In this article the writer notes that there is no definitive study proving the methods of alternative versus traditional teacher education. However, the writer discusses that there is a wealth of literature available in relation to this query, including: the perceived need for more teachers and its relationship to alternative training; an analysis of traditional teacher training and performance; an analysis of alternative teacher training and teacher performance; conjecture and comparison of traditional and alternative teacher training; expectations and success of both traditional and alternatively trained teachers; and retention of both traditional and alternatively trained teachers. This paper highlights the available literature on these subjects so that alternative and traditional teacher training can be fully assessed in the proper context.
Outline:
Perceived Need for Alternative Teacher Training
Traditional Teacher Training
Alternative Teacher Training
Comparison of Offerings
Success in the Classroom
Retention
From the Paper "Criticism of these programs cite that non-traditional teachers are under prepared and that they do not have any investment in teaching as a profession. Additionally, critics believe that alternative teachers do not help the shortage problem since their first choice of work is often in their native field. However, it is possible that some criticism is misguided, associating the problems of emergency teaching with programs that offer progressive teacher training. Additionally, teacher training outside of the traditional means is currently in place across the country. Alternative certification courses were introduced in many states and school districts so that: first, emergency teachers would be unnecessary and no more teachers would be in the classroom without some training; second, individuals are recruited who will address the overall problem of teacher shortage."
Abstract This paper discusses how the nature and impact of global warming has been the subject of profound debate and concern since the 1990s. The paper notes that, while global warming was regarded by many as pure conjecture 10 to 20 years ago, there is general consensus among scientists and the public today that our climate is indeed changing. It goes on to point out that many claim that the source of the the change in climate is due to anthropogenic (=human) forces and then discusses both opponents and advocates of the man-made warming theory.
Outline:
Introduction
Global Warming Explained
Global Warming - is it Man-Made?
Conclusion
From the Paper "Yet another complicating factor in the discussion over global warming is the number of informational sources on the subject. While advocates of the man-made warming theory say there is general consensus among the "scientific community", opponents of the theory firmly claim there is not. This, in turn, depends on how "scientific community" is defined. And this, of course, raises the question whether everybody who is a scientist, is truly an expert who has access to the latest findings. Many scientists see their credibility threatened because of the "climate war" and the large number of contradictory and exaggerated informational sources available to the public. Others have been accused of using their informational advantage to serve their own agenda. With regard to the discussion over global warming, it is important to keep in mind that there is a wide spectrum of what is generally defined as scientific knowledge or conveyed as such by the media ranging from the very certain (e.g. the functions of greenhouse gases) to the very uncertain (e.g. predicting with any degree of confidence the future behavior of clouds)."
