Abstract
This paper contends that the affective properties of music upon one's emotive state appear as the source of much research throughout the realm of psychology, with theories regarding its effects and emotive properties being recruited and adapted, from non-musical literature. One important role which music plays within society is in cinematography, as congruence between auditory and visual stimuli is a fundamental component due to its ability in conveying emotionality. Throughout this paper the circumplex model was incorporated, as a measure of emotion and a template from which to obtain congruence between auditory and visual stimuli. The paper assesses the importance of such congruence, between auditory and visual stimuli and its resulting impact upon emotion.

From the Paper
"Music is a key element of everyday life, its role within society is divergent. Variation in temporal structure allows for diverse utilization, permitting music to pervade all cultures and play a significant role in the majority of social and religious rituals: birthdays, weddings and funerals, and so on. The affective properties of musical stimuli are the source of much research and theories regarding music's effects and emotive properties have been recruited and adapted from non-musical literature (Ritossa and Rickard, 2004). With such an impact upon on society, the effects of music on behavior deserve further exploration. The research reported here was such an exploration, with the primary focus concerning arousal, performance and the importance of the relationship between audio and visual stimuli."

Tags:arousal, circumplex, model, music

Abstract
The paper explains that the Nadler-Tushman congruence model revolves around the idea that an organizational system is formed from various components, which interact and become transformed to sustain the company in reaching its final objectives. The paper focuses on Starbucks and their main inputs that are the environment, the resources, the organizational history and the strategy they implement in reaching their established desiderates. The paper then shows how Starbuck's resources, history and shareholders are all interconnected through the corporate strategy.

Outline:
Introduction
Inputs
Interactions of Inputs

From the Paper
"The business community is often believed to be a matter for the economists to handle. However, the results achieved by the economic entities drastically impact individual and social aspects of life, such as living standards, customer demands or unemployment rates. As a consequence then, the organization plays a vital role within the community. To best understand this, one should analyze a given organization from an open system perspective. In this order of ideas, the organization should be looked as an integrant ensemble, or as a "total system" (Nadler and Tushman, 1980).
"An economic model to analyzing economic entities from this standpoint has been promoted by David Nadler and Michael Turshman and it is called the Congruence Model. It basically revolves around the idea that an organizational system is formed from various components, which interact and become transformed to sustain the company in reaching its final objectives. "Simply put, we need to deal with questions of the inputs the system has to work with, the outputs it must produce, the major components of the transformation process, and the ways in which these components interact" (Nadler and Tushman, 1980)."

Tags:inputs, environment, resources, organizational, history, strategy

Abstract
In this article, the writer discusses that Nadler & Tushman's congruence model explains organizational performance as being the degree to which inputs and matched with desired outputs. This is measured by the degree to which the actual outputs match the desired outputs. Therefore, the greater the degree of congruence between the inputs, the more closely related the actual and desired outputs will be. The variable that affects this congruence is the organization's strategy. This paper illustrates how this model works by examining a company widely considered to be one of the most successful in business today, Wal-Mart. The writer notes that in theory, Wal-Mart should have a high degree of congruence between the actual output and the desired output. The writer examines the inputs to determine which ones are well-matched and which ones are less well-matched.

From the Paper
"Nadler & Tushman's congruence model explains organizational performance as being the degree to which inputs and matched with desired outputs . This is measured by the degree to which the actual outputs match the desired outputs. Therefore, the greater the degree of congruence between the inputs, the more closely related the actual and desired outputs will be. The variable that affects this congruence is the organization's strategy. This paper will illustrate how this model works by examining a company widely considered to be one of the most successful in business today, Wal-Mart. In theory, Wal-Mart should have a high degree of congruence between the actual output and the desired output. From that starting point, we shall examine the inputs to determine which ones are well-matched and which ones are less well-matched. Nadler & Tushman identify three key groups of inputs: the environment, resources and history . Environmental factors place demands on the organization, but they also place constraints on the organization's ability to meet those demands. The environment also provides the organization with opportunities. For Wal-Mart, the environment is the most important input."

Tags:outputs, organization, resources, information

Abstract
The paper examines Wal-Mart's key outputs that are the sales volume including same-store sales, gross and net margins and inventory turnover. The paper explains how these outputs are all related to one another, and to the overall cost leadership strategy, and also shows how these outputs all contribute to another crucial output for Wal-Mart, the profits. The paper aims to demonstrate how Wal-Mart has done an exemplary job of building output congruence.

From the Paper
"Wal-Mart produces hundreds of outputs. The company is engaged in a cost leadership strategy, so their systems are designed to deliver low costs, high volumes and high market share. In order to do this profitably, they need to maintain margins. The bulk of the company's workers are unskilled so there is little evidence that employee-related outputs are of significant importance. Wal-Mart's key output instead both support and complement one another. There is little conflict between outputs, since outputs that do not directly support the cost leadership strategy are subordinated in Wal-Mart's organizational culture. Thus, the key outputs of Wal-Mart are all directly related to the strategic goals, resulting in a high degree of congruence."

Tags:sales, volume, gross, net, margins, inventory, turnover, cost, leadership, profits

Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to select one of the theoretical frameworks that is applicable to family treatment, and it chooses the 'ecology theory'. Addressed are the essential features of the theoretical framework contained in this theory, as well as the relationships that this framework proposes. Further, the values underlying the theory are examined and the applicability of the theoretical framework for the study of families and as a basis for care of families. Specific examples are provided of the application to a particular population or situation involving family care. The published evidence for the usefulness of the theory, as well as the overall strengths and weaknesses of the theory, are examined. Finally, the congruency of the theory with formed ideas and beliefs about families and care of families are briefly discussed.

Outline
Statement of Thesis
Introduction
Essential Features of the "Ecology Theory"
Relationships
Validity and Congruence of Theory
Building Blocks Underlying the Theory
Application of the Theory
Summary and Conclusion

From the Paper
"Among the relationships that exist the relationship between the human individual and the environment are implicit. The wave pattern environment has been defined as "an irreducible, pan dimensional energy field identified by pattern and manifesting characteristics different from those on parts, Each environment field is specific to its' given human field. Both change continuously and creatively. (Rogers, 1992) The ecological model is one that focuses on interaction and interdependence and how they connect among the levels. Interaction at the Meso Level can be evidenced through interaction among parents and babies."

Tags:healthcare, professionals, environment

Abstract
This paper states that the hypothesis of this study, which is that management information systems in government are much more complex and take longer to create than other management information systems because of the inherent difficulties in thoroughly protecting sensitive data from those that should not have access to it; therefore, they are underutilized or not utilized correctly, more often than not, and management does not understand what the end users of these systems really need. The author points out that there are two important key issues: (1) how the technology is used within and between organizations and (2) how these management information systems can be utilized to help manage and achieve the goals that these governmental agencies. The research methodology will include surveys of end users, middle management, management information systems managers, and top management to compare what they think about how well the technology works and to help determine their congruency on the future of the technology.

Table of Contents
Introduction
Statement of the Problem
Purpose of the Study
Importance of the Study
Scope of the Study
Rationale of the Study
Definition of Terms
Overview of the Study
Review of Related Literature
Methodology
Approach
Data Gathering Method
Database of Study
Validity of Data
Originality and Limitations of Data
Summary

From the Paper
"There are many differences between computing and management in the public sector and the private sector and this often has an impact not just on the way that things are done and the politics of a particular organization but on the decisions that are made and the employment in a particular organization as well. Computing and management information systems in government have increased very strongly in the last 15 years or so, but the research on this particular issue has declined steadily. This is an intriguing issue and it is curious why research is so lacking on something that is deemed to be so important."

Tags:public, private, hypothesis, underutilized, survey

Abstract
The paper explains the three core terms involved in person-centered therapy that are: (1)congruency, (2) empathy, and (3) unconditional positive regard. The paper discusses how these facets of person-centered therapy rely on creating a congruent atmosphere for the client to feel comfortable sharing personal experiences with the therapist. The paper then relates that after this is achieved, the client may wish to express hidden needs or desires (and the fears associated with them) with the therapist, which might be encouraged through creating a sense of encouragement or understanding of the issues.

Tags:psychology, methods, therapy

Abstract
This paper examines a research article through the use of guide questions with emphasis on the conceptual framework utilized by the study. The paper addresses the conceptual model used in the article, the components of the framework, how the variables were used, congruency of conceptual definitions, as well as a discussion of some findings and definition and framework consistency.

From the Paper
"This article discusses a proposed framework for educating both undergraduate and graduate nursing students by utilizing simulators and simulations in place of traditional methods of teaching. The author realizes the need for a more suitable teaching style in nursing education that emphasizes student autonomy, student-centered learning and teaching that depicts real-life, clinical situations (Jeffries, 2005). The author..."

Tags:conceptual, frameworks, nursing

Abstract
This paper explains that the Elizabethans believed that all human beings were made up of four humours or bodily fluids. These fluids were associated with certain personality traits. The paper continues to use Shakespearean characters to qualify and quantify the theory of the humors.

From the Paper
"In contrast, according to the theories of the humors, a choleric person would have an imbalance of yellow bile within him. The most obviously choleric person of "Henry V" would be the Dauphin of France. According to the theories of the humors, these persons were usually slim, wiry, and showed a great deal of color in their face when they were angry. They are, like Dauphin, ambitious, energetic, and direct. The Dauphin angers Henry V by sending the king tennis balls, a foolish and rash action. He constantly proclaims the French superiority to the English, and rages at every chance he has about the English actions."

Tags:bodily, fluids, Elizabethan

Abstract
The thesis is divided into eight sections that appear as follows. The first section investigates key concepts from Adlerian psychology that are pertinent to the analysis of Clinton's life. The second section explores major events from Clinton's early, formative years-events that an Adlerian analysis would indicate are critical for understanding how the former president developed his unique approach to life. The investigation also provides an exploration of Clinton's possible mistaken beliefs and their formation in his early childhood. In addition, the research examines Clinton's painful earliest recollections and how his interpretation of organ inferiority pushed him to over compensate in his life. Adlerian tools of birth order are used to examine how Clinton's position as an only child/firstborn within his family affected his unique approach to life. In addition, the research provides an exploration of how the painful experiences of childhood neglect, like those that are reflected in Clinton's experiences with his stepfather Roger Clinton, and his mothers leaving him at a young age to study nursing, might contribute to the development of what Adler characterized as neurotic tendencies. The writer also applies Adlerian insights to explain the role of Family Hero in Clinton's life and its later impact on his adult life and presidency. The seventh and eighth sections explore how such a brilliant leader and popular president could give his enemies the ammunition they wanted by continuous sexual infidelities. Finally, the thesis explores the accomplishments of Bill Clinton and the Adlerian principles ultimately helped him succeed.

Introduction
Key Concepts from Adlerian Psychology
Clinton's Early, Formative Years
Exploration of Clinton's Possible Mistaken Beliefs and Their Formation in His Early Childhood
Examination of Clinton's Painful Earliest Recollections and How His Interpretation of Organ Inferiority Pushed Him to Over Compensate in His Life
Organ Inferiority
Birth Order
Experiences of Neglect
Family Hero
How Such a Brilliant Leader and Popular President Could Give His Enemies the Ammunition They Wanted by Continuous Sexual Infidelities
Summary
Accomplishments
References

From the Paper
"The examination of American Presidents has fascinated Americans for many years. In recent years, the life of William Jefferson Clinton has been a particular point of interest. The purpose of this thesis is to describe, analyze, and discuss the private and public lives of Bill Clinton in congruence with the psychology of Alfred Adler. Assorted characteristics of Clinton's unique approach to life will be discussed and analyzed, and the study will recognize some political processes and outcomes. The discussion will not take a political stance on Bill Clinton; instead, it aims to recognize that his style of leadership was a result of his lifestyle. In order to describe and analyze Clinton impartially through the lens of Adlerian psychology, the thesis will identify all facets of Bill Clinton's character. For this reason, the thesis will evaluate the difficult circumstances in which he was born, and both the good and negative aspects of his early family life. Additionally, the thesis will reveal that although the former president had major struggles to overcome he managed to more often than not embody the crucial Adlerian qualities of equality, balance of power, gender equality, cooperation and social interest."

Tags:president, birth, order, sexual, infedelity