Abstract This paper contends that the affective properties of music upon one's emotive state appear as the source of much research throughout the realm of psychology, with theories regarding its effects and emotive properties being recruited and adapted, from non-musical literature. One important role which music plays within society is in cinematography, as congruence between auditory and visual stimuli is a fundamental component due to its ability in conveying emotionality. Throughout this paper the circumplex model was incorporated, as a measure of emotion and a template from which to obtain congruence between auditory and visual stimuli. The paper assesses the importance of such congruence, between auditory and visual stimuli and its resulting impact upon emotion.
From the Paper "Music is a key element of everyday life, its role within society is divergent. Variation in temporal structure allows for diverse utilisation, permitting music to pervade all cultures and play a significant role in the majority of social and religious rituals: birthdays, weddings and funerals, and so on. The affective properties of musical stimuli are the source of much research and theories regarding music's effects and emotive properties have been recruited and adapted from non-musical literature (Ritossa and Rickard, 2004). With such an impact upon on society, the effects of music on behaviour deserve further exploration. The research reported here was such an exploration, with the primary focus concerning arousal, performance and the importance of the relationship between audio and visual stimuli."
Abstract This paper reviews a study by A.S. Agard and I. Harder about the experiences relatives have while taking care of their critically ill patients that are confined in the intensive care unit (ICU) entitled, "Relatives' Experiences in Intensive Care - Finding a Place in a World of Uncertainty" . The paper relates the purpose of the study that is to explore and describe the experiences relatives have while taking care of their critically ill patients that are confined in the intensive care unit (ICU). The paper identifies the phenomenon of interest in this case, the study's research approach, the clarity of the study, the data collection, analysis and sources of data and the congruence of the methodology. The paper also discusses the preciseness of the data analysis, the lessons learned from the study and the relevance of the study to the practice of nursing.
Outline:
Phenomenon of Interest & Purpose
Descriptive Vividness
Methodological Congruence Analytical Preciseness
Theoretical Connectedness
Heuristic Relevance and Evidence for Practice
From the Paper "The purpose of the study is to explore and describe the experiences relatives have while taking care of their critically ill patients that are confined in the intensive care unit (ICU). This study aims to scrutinize this phenomenon using a qualitative method. The purpose of this study was clearly stated. It defined the subject to be studied and the method. The term "relative" was further defined to avoid confusion and to clearly define the subjects for observation. Relatives stood for anyone close and looking after the patient in the ICU. The objective of the study was limited to an ICU in a Danish university hospital. The study also aimed to explore the points of view of these relatives including their perception of the roles of an ICU nurse."
Abstract The paper discusses the human resource strategies at the British American Tobacco (BAT) company and their human resource performance management. The paper examines the effectiveness of BAT's human resource (HR) performance management system in terms of cost, competence, commitment and congruence. The paper offers recommendations and concludes that the implementation of their HR management system has already showed results, but it could also use adjustments and improvements.
Outline:
BAT's performance management
Human Resource performance management
Results of the implemented system
Recommendations
Conclusions
From the Paper "British American Tobacco is committed to personal growth and development and the international corporation implements a human resource performance management system. The first points on the HR performance management agenda refer to creating a safe and pleasant environment where BAT employees can activate. Activating in a rather dangerous sector, the cigars and cigarette manufacturer strives to offer their personnel a safe and pleasant working environment in which they return gladly."
Abstract This paper looks at the Nadler-Tushman congruence model on inputs to demonstrate their overall effect the FedEx company. Specifically, the paper analyzes the inputs of the environment, resources, the organization's history and strategy and shows how they influence the actions of FedEx. The paper emphasizes that any company that wishes to remain successful must pay attention to its inputs in order to maximize its outputs and remain successful in the long term.
From the Paper "The first input that we need to look at is the Environment. Environmental inputs include markets (clients or customers), suppliers, governmental and regulatory bodies, labor unions, competitors, financial institutions, special interest groups, and so on (Nadler & Tushman, 1980). The biggest single environmental input for FedEx is the global economy. Clients all over the world compose the business that makes FedEx successful. The world economic conditions dictate what these companies do overall. Bad conditions limit how much companies world-wide can buy. As other companies tighten operations they begin to buy less which in turn causes them to produce less. This forces a situation where less shipping is done overall."
Abstract This paper refers to the Nadler-Tushman congruence model to identify the key FedEx outputs and how they fit together to produce the organizational output. The overall organizational output, the group level output and lastly, the individual level output are examined. The paper shows how these outputs work from the bottom up to the top and all support the organizational output of providing cargo shipping services world-wide. The paper concludes that FedEx has a strategy that matches the outputs they produce and consequently is performing well even in an economy which does not favor express shipping.
From the Paper "FedEx has always been known for its output of delivering packages. This organizational output relies on outputs from the individual and group levels to be successful. The Nadler-Tushman Congruence Model will allow us to see the key FedEx outputs and how they fit together to produce the organizational output. The desired outputs of the company are to compete collectively by standing as one brand worldwide and speaking with one voice, operate independently by focusing on our independent networks to meet distinct customer needs, and to manage collaboratively by working together to sustain loyal relationships with our workforce, customers and investors (FedEx, 2009). These are the desired outputs that the company hopes to achieve through its overall strategy."
Abstract The purpose of this paper is to select one of the theoretical frameworks that is applicable to family treatment, and it chooses the 'ecology theory'. Addressed are the essential features of the theoretical framework contained in this theory, as well as the relationships that this framework proposes. Further, the values underlying the theory are examined and the applicability of the theoretical framework for the study of families and as a basis for care of families. Specific examples are provided of the application to a particular population or situation involving family care. The published evidence for the usefulness of the theory, as well as the overall strengths and weaknesses of the theory, are examined. Finally, the congruency of the theory with formed ideas and beliefs about families and care of families are briefly discussed.
Outline
Statement of Thesis
Introduction
Essential Features of the "Ecology Theory"
Relationships
Validity and Congruence of Theory
Building Blocks Underlying the Theory
Application of the Theory
Summary and Conclusion
From the Paper "Among the relationships that exist the relationship between the human individual and the environment are implicit. The wave pattern environment has been defined as "an irreducible, pan dimensional energy field identified by pattern and manifesting characteristics different from those on parts, Each environment field is specific to its' given human field. Both change continuously and creatively. (Rogers, 1992) The ecological model is one that focuses on interaction and interdependence and how they connect among the levels. Interaction at the Meso Level can be evidenced through interaction among parents and babies."
Abstract This paper presents a review of the factors that drive adults to become students. The paper looks at how adults seek to satisfy that drive and how persistence and retention serve to satisfy goals and objectives. The paper also discusses the factors that influence persistence including satisfaction based on academic record, socialization and congruence of character as well as changes in technology, global economy and relationships.
From the Paper "Statistics on retention become significant as colleges compete with other channels of academic service (institutional, situational, organizational and non-institutional). Studies have divided adult education into formal, nonformal and informal learning situations. Formal learning takes place in traditional institutional settings such as universities, colleges and community colleges, leading to degrees or credit; nonformal learning is that provided by organizations such as learning networks, churches and voluntary associations and may be on an organized or ad hoc basis; informal learning refers to the experiential exposure in daily living situations . (Coombs, Prosser, and Ahmed, 1973)."
Abstract This paper provides a succinct analysis of Dorothea Orem's nursing theory in terms of the nursing metaparidigm, person, environment, health and nursing. The author also addresses the congruence of her theory with Rural Nursing theory and how her theory is applied to the Medical Surgical area in an acute care setting
Abstract This paper states that the hypothesis of this study, which is that management information systems in government are much more complex and take longer to create than other management information systems because of the inherent difficulties in thoroughly protecting sensitive data from those that should not have access to it; therefore, they are underutilized or not utilized correctly, more often than not, and management does not understand what the end users of these systems really need. The author points out that there are two important key issues: (1) how the technology is used within and between organizations and (2) how these management information systems can be utilized to help manage and achieve the goals that these governmental agencies. The research methodology will include surveys of end users, middle management, management information systems managers, and top management to compare what they think about how well the technology works and to help determine their congruency on the future of the technology.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Statement of the Problem
Purpose of the Study
Importance of the Study
Scope of the Study
Rationale of the Study
Definition of Terms
Overview of the Study
Review of Related Literature
Methodology
Approach
Data Gathering Method
Database of Study
Validity of Data
Originality and Limitations of Data
Summary
From the Paper "There are many differences between computing and management in the public sector and the private sector and this often has an impact not just on the way that things are done and the politics of a particular organization but on the decisions that are made and the employment in a particular organization as well. Computing and management information systems in government have increased very strongly in the last 15 years or so, but the research on this particular issue has declined steadily. This is an intriguing issue and it is curious why research is so lacking on something that is deemed to be so important."
Abstract This paper explains that Human Resource Management grew out of the belief that employment was not only a source of income to the employee and profit to the company, but also represented challenges and opportunities; whereby, the employee becomes part of the company as a stakeholder. The author points out that, traditionally, human resource managers were mandated to acquire, train and maintain personnel by following appropriate government rules and regulations, by implementing just and equitable policies and procedures and by maintaining harmonious labor union and employee relationships. The paper relates that Strategic HRM links HRM practices with the strategic management process and emphasizes the coordination or congruence among HRM practices: The four HRM strategic theories are the resource-based view of the firm, the behavioral-based theory, cybernetic systems and agency or transaction cost theory.
From the Paper "The new vision on the place and value of human resources in an organization evolved from studies conducted by Elton Mayo, the Father of Human Relations and from the Hawthorne Studies between 1924 and 1932. The Hawthorne Studies re-evaluated Frederick Taylor"s behavioral assumptions, while Mayo investigated the effects of changes in the work environment on productivity. Mayo's study found that employee productivity was affected more by the level of attention shown by management on employees' behavior than their physical working condition, such as the level of lighting. This meant that the human factor was more important than the physical factor. The enlightening conclusion led to a then controversial proposition that a worker's feelings were important and to the development of human relations or HR management concept."
Abstract This paper examines how an understanding of the magnitude of the themes and ideas contained within Shakespeare's "Hamlet" presents a challenge to analysis and investigation. In particular, it looks at how one of the most resonant themes is the motivating and transforming power of death and how to truly understand Hamlet's nature and motivations one must look not only at his behavior but also his avowals, his inner confusion so evident in his moments of doubt and dismay.
From the Paper "Much of the play works in more than one realm, connecting the thoughts and deeds of the characters with a larger idea or theme. An example of this microcosm/macrocosm nature of the play is Hamlet's soliloquy in Act IV, at the conclusion of Scene 4. This is a definitive turning point for him, a watershed in his transformation from an unsure, vacillating pawn of intrigue and fate to a man able to act with resolve, consequences be damned. The scene opens with Fortinbras, a man diametrically opposed to Hamlet in character and action, a man whose intentions are not secret or hidden, whose progress and aim are open and declared."
Abstract The thesis is divided into eight sections that appear as follows. The first section investigates key concepts from Adlerian psychology that are pertinent to the analysis of Clinton's life. The second section explores major events from Clinton's early, formative years-events that an Adlerian analysis would indicate are critical for understanding how the former president developed his unique approach to life. The investigation also provides an exploration of Clinton's possible mistaken beliefs and their formation in his early childhood. In addition, the research examines Clinton's painful earliest recollections and how his interpretation of organ inferiority pushed him to over compensate in his life. Adlerian tools of birth order are used to examine how Clinton's position as an only child/firstborn within his family affected his unique approach to life. In addition, the research provides an exploration of how the painful experiences of childhood neglect, like those that are reflected in Clinton's experiences with his stepfather Roger Clinton, and his mothers leaving him at a young age to study nursing, might contribute to the development of what Adler characterized as neurotic tendencies. The writer also applies Adlerian insights to explain the role of Family Hero in Clinton's life and its later impact on his adult life and presidency. The seventh and eighth sections explore how such a brilliant leader and popular president could give his enemies the ammunition they wanted by continuous sexual infidelities. Finally, the thesis explores the accomplishments of Bill Clinton and the Adlerian principles ultimately helped him succeed.
Introduction
Key Concepts from Adlerian Psychology
Clinton's Early, Formative Years
Exploration of Clinton's Possible Mistaken Beliefs and Their Formation in His Early Childhood
Examination of Clinton's Painful Earliest Recollections and How His Interpretation of Organ Inferiority Pushed Him to Over Compensate in His Life
Organ Inferiority
Birth Order
Experiences of Neglect
Family Hero
How Such a Brilliant Leader and Popular President Could Give His Enemies the Ammunition They Wanted by Continuous Sexual Infidelities
Summary
Accomplishments
References
From the Paper "The examination of American Presidents has fascinated Americans for many years. In recent years, the life of William Jefferson Clinton has been a particular point of interest. The purpose of this thesis is to describe, analyze, and discuss the private and public lives of Bill Clinton in congruence with the psychology of Alfred Adler. Assorted characteristics of Clinton's unique approach to life will be discussed and analyzed, and the study will recognize some political processes and outcomes. The discussion will not take a political stance on Bill Clinton; instead, it aims to recognize that his style of leadership was a result of his lifestyle. In order to describe and analyze Clinton impartially through the lens of Adlerian psychology, the thesis will identify all facets of Bill Clinton's character. For this reason, the thesis will evaluate the difficult circumstances in which he was born, and both the good and negative aspects of his early family life. Additionally, the thesis will reveal that although the former president had major struggles to overcome he managed to more often than not embody the crucial Adlerian qualities of equality, balance of power, gender equality, cooperation and social interest."
Abstract This paper examines how Philip Roth's story, "The Conversion of the Jews," offers a deliberately oversimplified version of the shift from Judaic to Christo-centric societal norms. It looks at how, rather than simply narrate the plight of Christ from a perspective of temporal congruence, Roth uses the variance in the ages of the protagonists to highlight the universality of the quest to discover one's own personal faith.
From the Paper "The fact that he, rather than Binder, claims their full attention, and the fact that they are in star-shaped clusters, reminisce of the Star of David, is symbolic of the shift from Judaic to Christo-centric influence. The "jagged starlike clusters" (388) of his friends, who will someday be Jewish men, are calling for his suicide, an act that would be, for them, salvific in its ultimate rejection of Rabbi Binder, and thus all he stood for. The boys are no longer in league with Binder, no longer his stooges, but rather have become the disciples of Ozzie in his new station. By default, Ozzie has become the Christ of Queens, not by choice so much as out of necessity, a result of his quest. "
Abstract This paper presents a comprehensive explanation of one individual's personal theory of counseling that incorporates behaviorism, Christianity, and person-centered therapy. The main focus of the paper is on the nature of person-centered therapy and how this approach fits with the individual therapist's own personality, beliefs, and values.
From the Paper "Perhaps nothing is as significant to the success of the therapeutic process and nothing represents the foundation of successful therapy more than one's personal theory of counseling. All individuals in all aspects of life work from some belief system perspective or model of how the world works, how things are and how things interact. Developing a deep understanding of one's own personal theory leads to better decision-making with respect to the therapeutic process including therapist approach and client interaction. Such an understanding also promotes a..."
Abstract This paper explains that the Elizabethans believed that all human beings were made up of four humours or bodily fluids. These fluids were associated with certain personality traits. The paper continues to use Shakespearean characters to qualify and quantify the theory of the humors.
From the Paper "In contrast, according to the theories of the humors, a choleric person would have an imbalance of yellow bile within him. The most obviously choleric person of "Henry V" would be the Dauphin of France. According to the theories of the humors, these persons were usually slim, wiry, and showed a great deal of color in their face when they were angry. They are, like Dauphin, ambitious, energetic, and direct. The Dauphin angers Henry V by sending the king tennis balls, a foolish and rash action. He constantly proclaims the French superiority to the English, and rages at every chance he has about the English actions."
