Abstract
This paper states that, although there are significant political, cultural, historical and geographical aspects of the dispute over the "Holy Land", the Israeli-Arab conflict is based on deeply rooted religious beliefs and attitudes held on all sides. The author stresses it is essential to understanding of the basic beliefs of Judaism, Christianity and Islam, their similarities and differences, conditions for the permissibility of war and killing and the significance of the Holy Land. The paper concludes that when religion is involved a peaceful reconciliation can come from the differing faiths only when their interests are combined.

Table of Contents
Introduction
Judaism
Christianity
Islam
Conclusions: Is Peace Possible?

From the Paper
"Islam shares some key beliefs with the other two faiths. For example, Muslims believe in the total "unity" of God much like in the Jewish faith. Further, Muslims also share the same Prophets with Judaism and Christianity. These include Adam, Noah, Moses, Isaac, Jacob, and Jesus (whom they regard as a prophet, and not divine). Further, they also believe that Jesus was born of a virgin birth just as in Christianity. Even in areas of practice, Islam shares some striking similarities with the other faiths. For example, Muslims do not eat pork (like observant Jews), and they also share many of the same moral rules (no sex outside of marriage, the prohibition of killing and stealing, etc.). However, Islam differs radically from Judaism and Christianity in that it does not allow the drinking of alcohol, does not observe the Sabbath on the same day, and considers Jewish and Christian believers to be in grave error due to their rejection of Jesus and Muhammad as legitimate prophets."

Tags:resolution, terrorists, arab-christian, muslim, judaism

Abstract
In this article, the writer first notes that sociological and criminological theories may be separated into two distinguishably different areas, those of conflict theories and consensus theories. The writer notes the existence of conflict within society and within conflict theories. The writer discusses gender-based issues and theories within crime.

From the Paper
In the broadest sense, sociological and criminological theories tend to fall into two very different camps: conflict theories and consensus theories. Criminological conflict theories emphasize the political nature of crime, and view society as being based on conflict, as opposed to consensus. Conflict theories posit the existence of two or more groups in conflict, such as two different classes, or many different groups vying to achieve their own ends. An appearance of consensus is created by using laws to enforce consensus, by for example enforcing the law. On the other hand, consensus theory focuses on the stability of society, and sees the

Tags:criminology, gender, conflict

Abstract
This paper is based on work addressing three theories of criminology in relation to terrorism. The paper discusses what terrorism is, the conflict theory's usefulness to an understanding of why terrorism emerges, the forms it takes and the perceptions of those engaging in it. The paper makes reference to "Islamic" terrorism of the present, and the nature of Tamil terrorism in Sri Lanka.

From the Paper
"The public is familiar with the term of terrorism in the present day, though relatively few persons will scrutinize what is meant by it. Terrorism is a methodology that belongs to Military Science in a collection of techniques, but terrorism is included under the category of Criminology in library cataloguing systems. Richard Rosenfeld explained that terrorism can be well understood through the approaches of criminology, however, as came into view when looking at three criminological theories in (1) classical, (2) consensus and (3) conflict..."

Tags:terrorism, crim, conflict theory

Abstract
This paper examines conflict resolution strategies in a marriage or committed relationship, and addresses the ways in which effective communication and candor will benefit any relationship. The paper explores strategies for resolving conflicts in a constructive manner.

From the Paper
"Andy and Martha have been married for five years. Andy has an opportunity for a promotion that would require a ... mile move. Martha enjoys her job and does not want to move and Martha rejects the idea that the marriage can survive a long-distance relationship. Neither party can think of a simple solution. Neither party wants to compromise. In evaluating the situation, it appears that both parties have legitimate concerns. Specifically, Andy is concerned about his career and Martha believes that Andy..."

Tags:Covered resolution, communication, marriage, differences, compromise, sensitivity, fact-based decisions, marriage counselor, deadlock, career

Abstract
This paper explains how school-based management (SBM), or decentralized management, is growing in popularity in many of the US school districts. It goes on to provide a study of the impact of efficient conflict resolution strategies on rich suburban and poor urban school districts that have adopted site-based management as a tool for better decision-making structures.

Outline:
The changing role of Principals
The role of teachers in SBM
The role of Parents/Community in the SBM setup

From the Paper
''In the past 3 decades, SBM setup in order to design better conflict management strategies has grown and expanded into three main categories: The first is the Principal authority, the second managerial decentralization or the authority of the teachers and the third is where the community and parents of the children have the ultimate authority. The first type where the principal has the authority, the parents and teachers can express their opinions and suggestions but the principal's decision is considered to be final. In the second type where the teachers have control, a committee of teachers is made up by voting from all the faculty members and this committee then makes the decisions of what the school needs and how can they get it. Parents can also be a part of committee at times. The third type of SBM setup is built because of the belief that the parents and the community will decide what is right for the children and the community in the long run. These three types of SBM have significantly maneuvered the education system to a place where we can see schools being more managed and organized as well as being more capable of molding the students in the academic setting to attain higher achievement levels (Arnott and Raab, 2000)."

Tags:conflicts, authority, community

Abstract
Conflict theory in criminal justice is based on the assumption that society is grounded in inherent conflict that cannot be resolved. This paper discusses how conflict theorists argue that those who hold power and wealth in a capitalist economy force the less-powerful to abide by their established rules with the purpose of protecting their own property and physical safety. It explains that the theory relies on a Marxist interpretation of the function of a capitalist society. It also shows how the theory argues for a broader definition of crime to include offenses and actions intended to maintain the ruling structure. This paper addresses how the theory and models of punishment based on the theory require an understanding of criminal justice that takes into consideration the social and political causes of crime, particularly models of treatment based on a concept of restorative justice.

Table of Contents
History and Definition of Conflict Theory
Human Nature
Social Order
Causal Logic of Conflict Theory
Conflict Theory and Criminal Justice Policy
Conflict Theory and Criminal Justice Practice
Evaluation
Bibliography

From the Paper
"Before the 1960s, most criminology research and theory was conducted under the rubric of structural-functionalism, which assumed the primacy of the social system and the inter-relationship of social institutions without much focus or consideration for the individuals or groups who made up the institutions. However, critics of these theories argued that by minimizing the social conflict and tension inherent within society, these theories supported a politically conservative agenda within sociology and criminology."

Tags:social, causal, logic, safety

Abstract
This paper analyses marriage from a perspective of conflict theory. Based on theories of Marx, and economic structures in societies, conflict theory assumes that all social relations are based in kinds of conflicts and that social order is determined through coercion. Power is the dominant feature of conflict.

Abstract
The paper discusses the important role of conflict management and explains two of the more prevalent styles of mediation that are known as the positional and the interest-based methods. The paper relates that many mediators have also gained the ability to be active listeners and discusses the process of active listening that includes validation, empathy, clarification and summary (VECS). The paper then explains how a good mediator knows how to focus on the interests of the involved parties. The paper presents a scenario of a conflict between a store and an employee and outlines the steps a mediator would take to resolve the issue. The paper then talks about the mediation simulations the writer experienced and the significance of the cultural medium in which the mediation is to take place.

Outline:
Conflict Management
Positional vs. Interest Based Bargaining
Active Listeners
Interests
Tom's Toy Store
Mediation Simulations
Cultural Variations

From the Paper
"Mediation, conflict resolution and arbitration are considered effective methods of dealing with conflict. Since "society perceives conflict as something that gets in the way of progress" (Boulle, 2005, p. 87) employing effective methods of dealing with societal conflict allows that same society to progress and become more effective in handling situations that impede society in moving forward. Boulle also showed that "conflict is seen as a fact of life and when it is properly managed it can have many benefits for the parties and constituents" (Boulle, p. 87).
"Resolving conflict can be beneficial for society, and whether the method to resolve such conflict is through mediation, or arbitration, or conflict resolution depends on the situation and the preferences of the parties involved."

Tags:negotiation, arbitartion, bargaining, agreements, listeners, empathy, validation

Abstract
In this article, the writer discusses that conflict is a natural aspect of human nature and can be both a positive and negative factor in communication and relationships. Individuals have always conflicted and will continually conflict with their parents, teachers, significant others, family members, siblings, children, friends and associates and people known and not known. The writer notes that this does not necessarily make people aggressive or violent, since conflict is a natural part of life. It is based on the fact that everyone has his or her own individual needs, goals, likes and dislikes and priorities and is concerned that others may act as a barrier from satisfying them. The writer maintains that when organizations determine the best way to resolve conflict, they have to look at the mitigating factors and see how that particular conflict is manifesting itself. The writer concludes that it is then possible to develop a means for either eliminating or lessening the conflict or gaining from it.

From the Paper
"Social scientists have defined the different types of conflicts that occur in an organizational setting in a variety of ways. In most general terms, Pondy defined organizational conflict as that which can best be understood as a dynamic process underlying organizational behavior. Roloff states that organizational conflict takes place when the members participate in activities that are not compatible with those of peers inside their own network, colleagues in other collectivities, or unaffiliated people who make use of the organization's services or products. In this case, disagreement conflict can manifest itself in a variety of ways, such as raising one's voice, shouting obscenities, getting support from other individuals and even physical interaction. However, Baron notes that in order for conflict to take place, it must exceed the threshold level of intensity. That is, the disagreements or differences between people have to be serious enough before conflict arises."

Tags:expectations, outcome, interest, competition

Abstract
The paper discusses three main views of organizational conflict: traditional, human relations and interactionist. The paper then looks at case studies that are based on dysfunctional conflict as opposed to functional conflict. The paper addresses issues related to implications of involvement, freedom of expression, bystanders and third parties, and creative conflict.

Outline:
Introduction
Background Information - What Is Conflict?
Analysis
Conclusion

From the Paper
"The traditional view sees conflict as bad, and as such it should be avoided at all cost. With this view an organization is treated as a static entity, and the components of the organization are expected to fit perfectly, so that there is constant stability - hence conflict is inherently 'bad', and results in an actions that are contrary to the achievement of the organizational goals. With this view, conflict signifies that there is some process or procedure that is not clearly defined and the necessary action is to have further elaboration, and conflict is remedied by being structured away."

Tags:involvement, freedom, of, expression, bystanders, third, parties, human, resources