Abstract
The paper relates that President Clinton in 1996 signed the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPPA). that encompassed portability, fraud, abuse, tax provisions, group plan requirements revenue provisions and administrative requirements all relating to health insurance (McGuire and Schneider, 2007). The paper explains that the goal of HIPPA was to create national standards that would protect the individual's right to privacy as it relates to medical records and personal health information. The paper asserts that HIPPA is a legislated protection of an individual's right to confidentiality; individuals have a legal right to assume and expect confidentiality. The paper argues that the health care system has the responsibility to legally protect the rights of the individual to have confidentiality guaranteed. The paper asserts that in order to deconstruct the issue of nursing confidentiality and HIPPA, legal and ethical need to be clearly defined (Galambos, 2003).

From the Paper
"President Clinton in 1996 signed the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPPA). HIPPA encompassed portability, fraud, abuse, tax provisions, group plan requirements revenue provisions and administrative requirements all relating to health insurance (McGuire and Schneider, 2007). The goal of HIPPA was to create national standards that would protect the individual's right to privacy as it relates to medical..."

Tags:nursing, confidentiality, hippa

Abstract
This paper examines the various steps taken in hospital radiology departments to ensure patient privacy and confidentiality. In particular, the paper studies the increasing availability of these images online -- or at least their computerization and accessibility from outside the department and even the hospital. The paper studies the HIPAA (Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act) regulations regarding patient confidentiality and asks how those regulations apply to the current situation.

Tags:confidentiality, privacy, HIPPA, IHE

Abstract
The paper reveals that from November 1985 to June 30, 2006, a total of 61,423 diagnoses of HIV were reported to the Public Health Agency of Canada (Public Health Agency of Canada, 2006, p. 1). The paper discusses how the spread of HIV/AIDS on a global scale has lead to various federal, state and local bodies shifting their focus to HIV related medical requirements. The paper also discusses how alongside such concerns are those of social and ethical considerations related to confidentiality.

From the Paper
"From November 1985 to June 30, 2006, a total of 61,423 diagnoses of HIV were reported to the Public Health Agency of Canada (Public Health Agency of Canada, 2006, p. 1). The spread of HIV/AIDS on a global scale has lead to various federal, state and local bodies shifting their focus to HIV related medical requirements. Alongside such concerns are those of social..."

Tags:hiv, disclosure, confidentiality

Abstract
This paper discusses how computerized medical record-keeping facilitates improved access and transmission of medical information and has been argued as instrumental in ensuring that patients receive appropriate care in a timely manner. This paper then reviews the issues of confidentiality that have emerged from ethical concerns of misuse of patient information at the hands of insurance providers, health care associates, and even physicians themselves.

From the Paper
"Confidentiality in Computerized Medical Records Description of Case Example Dudley (2004) indicated that confidentiality of patient records has been a contended issue in health care since the advent of transforming paper records into digital records. The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) was designed to alleviate these concerns and was enacted in April of 2003. However, critics and case research indicates that the HIPAA has not done enough in terms of promoting patient confidentiality and fails to protect the patient's medical information, even in areas of interest that are specifically covered by the legislation (Dudley, 2004). Revisions to HIPAA are to go into effect on March 16 of 2006, but it remains uncertain as to whether these revisions will satisfactory resolve the existing disparities in distribution of protected information. "

Tags:ethics, medicine, confidentiality

Abstract
This paper defines privacy, confidentiality and security. It distinguishes between the contrast and similarities of privacy, confidentiality and security. The paper specifically focuses on the importance of privacy, confidentiality and security in maintaining medical records and other private and confidential information.

From the Paper
"In conclusion, confidentiality must be protected for patients accessing their medical records online via the internet. HIPAA requires standards for the development and implementation of security and privacy. Security is important to protect the privacy of the patient's medical records. Patients accessing their medical records via the internet should us a method of encryption to protect confidentiality. The patients should have a password and user identification to log into the computer system. The patient should only give the internet identification and password codes to their healthcare power of attorney or person acting on their behalf."

Tags:rights, passwords, protection

Abstract
In this article the writer discusses that the use of the Internet has increased the risk of a patient's health information being read by persons other than the intended receiver. The villains range from insurance companies attempting to determine if a patient has what they consider to be a pre-existing condition to a co-worker who is inquisitive about why their colleague was in the room down the hall. The writer notes that today, with the Internet, with a click of a button, anyone can, with the right information, have access to personal health information even if she is not providing care for the patient. In an attempt to nullify that access, confidentiality statements are used. The writer notes that the intent is to inform the recipient of their responsibility in handling the information and questions wether this is enough.

Outline:
Expansion of Duty to Harm and Protect
Ways to Reduce Risk
Privacy and Confidentiality
Confidentiality Statements

From the Paper
" Healthcare has become a field or service where it is important to recognize that the duty to warn or the duty to protect is not limited to provider and client. This responsibility extends to third parties as well. An example of this responsibility is the recent case of the Atlanta, GA attorney who was diagnosed with a rare form of contagious tuberculosis. The attorney traveled outside of the country to several other countries with his new wife, on their honeymoon. At the time of travel, he was considered by the Center for Disease Control, as highly contagious. The travel included airplanes, trains, buses and automobiles. As anyone who has traveled on any of these modes of transportation knows, the proximity between him and the other passengers was close. Although the attorney denies it, the CDC states that they warned him to avoid travel, especially travel outside of the country. "

Tags:medical, records, recipient, responsibility

Abstract
The paper examines the patient confidentiality imperative that is fundamental to our health system. The author discusses the history of patient confidentiality, discusses its importance and reviews various standards and regulations regulating patient confidentiality. The paper then goes on to examine the issue of disclosure, when and under which circumstances is disclosure of private information allowed and perhaps even necessary by law.

From the Paper
"Confidentiality in healthcare refers to the safeguarding of private patient information while delivering health care services. According to the Code of Ethics that nurses must follow, it is the duty of nurses to maintain the confidentiality of private information of patients. (Chitty, 2004) The ancient Hippocratic Oath as well as the modern day International Code of Ethics explicitly specifies that patient confidentiality must be maintained by physicians. (Singer; Viens, 2008) However, there may be certain exceptions to this responsibility especially in case where maintaining confidentiality may be harmful to a third-party or the society or if required by law. This is exactly where the dilemma between confidentiality and disclosure of patient information stands."

Tags:ethics, morality, health, legal, HIPAA, ANA, information, nursing, crime

Abstract
The paper discusses the ethics of the medical care non-disclosure agreement between doctor and patient, which ensures that patients have the freedom to be absolutely honest with their physicians. Frequently the lives of patients depend upon the assurance of confidentiality, which ensures that patients will release all the information necessary to be treated in a targeted and effective way. The paper highlights that the American Medical Association has provided guidelines for doctor-patient confidentiality and its maintenance, particularly as relevant to computer databases. The paper discusses the general guidelines for the relationship between physicians and their patients, along with the maintenance of their confidentiality levels.

From the Paper
"To provide optimal protection of privacy, the computerized medical database should be online to the terminal only when computer programs with the necessary authorization, and specifically requiring the data, are in use. No person or entity outside of the clinical facility should have access to any online computerized database with medical records of patients who can be identified via the program. This ensures continued doctor-patient confidentiality, which belongs to the patient according to standard medical ethics, as well as the law."

Tags:unauthorized, access, security, databases, standard, medical, ethics

Abstract
This paper discusses a case study concerning a patient infected with hepatitis B and her doctor's obligation to respect the patient's rights to confidentiality. The paper explains that, in this particular case, the patient's autonomy is not respected. The patient is not only competent but well-informed about the hepatitis B antigen, but the doctor insists on focusing on the patient's sex life when unprotected sex is only one of five possible causes of hepatitis B. The paper points out that the crucial point in this case is that the doctor makes an agreement with her over consent. The paper then argues that the doctor should maintain patient confidentiality.

Tags:utility, feminism, consent

Abstract
This paper will critically discuss two issues, autonomy and confidentiality, relevant to the health care profession.