Abstract
This paper is an analytical piece on the intangible subject of self-confidence. Using a number of psychology theories, the paper provides a foundation on what factors these theories believe go into self-confidence and how it may be measured. In addition, the writer provides a series of hypothetical questions, in order to create a hypothetical instrument to measure one's self-confidence. The paper's core purpose is to help develop an instrument to ascertain the level of self-confidence within a person.

Outline:
Introduction
Construct Development, Scale creation
Formatting the Items into an Instrument
Analysis of Instrument Development

From the Paper
"This survey instrument is understood to ascertain the level of self confidence in the participant. Each of the five statements focus on the participant's self assessment, regarding personal confidence and self-esteem. The statements measure the construct as defined and encompass the strength to summarize the quantity of self-confidence an individual may possess. Obviously, more thorough self confidence measuring scales and instruments are available that have been developed by way of lengthy research and development; however, for practice and educational intentions this scale will be adequate to demonstrate the purpose of this assignment. The scale may be applied to men or adolescent boys as one aspect of a study or as a subsequent aspect of a study. Each group may comprise additional sub-groups based on a five year differentiation in age."

Tags:psychology, self-confidence, behavior

Abstract
The paper focuses on the secondary characters in Racine's classical drama, "Phedre", who take the form of a confident or confidente. The paper looks at their functions that involve being a listening ear to whom the central characters divulge all kinds of secrets, taking actions and power from their masters and placing them into their own hands and finally, acting as a tool for literary unison. The paper clearly demonstrates how these seemingly ancillary characters are in fact key to the reader's understanding and appreciation of the text.

From the Paper
"In Racine's classical drama, Phedre, there can be found a large number of secondary characters, with Phedre, Aricie, Hippolyte and Thesee each having a corresponding consort in the form of a confident or confidente. These seemingly ancillary characters are in fact key to the reader's understanding and appreciation of the text and serve many a purpose.
"Most fundamentally, as their title would imply, the most obvious of these functions appears in the form of an advisor, a listening ear to whom the central characters divulge all manner of secrets. For example, it is to Oenone that Phedre first admits the burning passion that so torments her. Moreover, it is in this capacity as bearers of privileged information that the confidants serve as a method of exposition for Racine."

Tags:Oenone, intermediaries, advisors, literary, unison

Abstract
This paper discusses how self-confidence is an attitude which allows individuals to have positive yet realistic views of themselves and their situations. Self-confident people trust their own abilities, have a general sense of control in their lives, and believe that, within reason, they will be able to do what they wish, plan, and expect. In particular, it looks at how different theorists may have different views on dealing with different behaviors and how they have the same goal: to continuously improve an individual in dealing with oneself and people around.

Outline:
Adler Influence
Skinner Influence
Frankl Influence
Ellis Contribution
Celebrity with Self Confidence
Conclusion

From the Paper
"An individual's aspirations may be influenced by hereditary and cultural factors but ultimately springs from creative power of individual and is consequently unique. A person which feels inferior especially during childhood may create a goal to obtain security and success. According to Adler, depth of the inferiority feeling usually determines the height of the goal which then becomes the "final cause" of behavior patterns. A way of responding to our family constellation may become the prototype of our world view and attitude toward life.
"

Tags:adler, skinner, Frankl, ellis

Abstract
The paper presents a thorough examination of the causes of the weak U.S. dollar and a discussion of both the pros and cons of the current Bush dollar policy. The paper questions what the dollar policy of the Bush Administration should be. After understanding the effects of the dollar policy, the paper shows that the administration should promote a stable dollar through increased fiscal discipline. This would show the world that the U.S. is not pushing its debt problems on them, eliminating the uncertainty of currency markets. With a stable dollar policy, the U.S. could improve the domestic economy, while no longer economically alienating the rest of the world.

From the Paper
"Former presidents George Washington, Abraham Lincoln, and Andrew Jackson may not have had similar leadership strategies, but each were powerful figures of American history. Their contributions to the development of the United States helped it become the most powerful nation in the world, and today their involvement is acknowledged, as portraits of each grace a form of American currency. Their pictures symbolize American history and, more importantly, power. While the United States continues to hold a central role in global markets, its hegemony is increasingly threatened. The decline in value of the US dollar over the last three years may be symbolic of dwindling American dominance, thus the fall of the dollar is being closely examined. Many countries feel the US lives beyond its means. A weak US dollar helps boost US exports, in effect decreasing trade deficits by allowing the world to buy American debt. The current administration provides meaningless sound bites to the media, proclaiming publicly that it wants a strong currency while quietly allowing the dollar to decline. Other domestic policies seem to promote the idea that America is doing little to promote a strong dollar, such as an expanding defense budget and calls for social security reform. If the US continues to show such disregard for foreign opinion, the results may be devastating."

Tags:currency, deficit, dollar, economy, exchange, rates, trade

Abstract
This paper explains that, whether considered a negative or positive value, sport confidence and perceived ability do lead to improved performance. The author points out that observational learning, which contributes to acquiring the sport skills needed, as well as to developing sport confidence and to determining an athlete's perceived ability, according to Bandura, includes attention, retention, motor reproduction, and motivation. The paper relates that one aspect virtually all the researchers seemed to have accepted a priori was that the sport experience is correlated with skill, but that, from a scientific standpoint, skill defined as "individual ability and performance" affects self-confidence and self-efficacy.

Table of Contents
Introduction
Sport Confidence and Perceived Ability
Similarities
Differences
Relationships with Other Theories
Conclusion

From the Paper
"Further, two of three principles involved in social learning apply particularly well to the sport model. First, individuals will be more likely to adopt a behavior being modeled if they value the results adopting that behavior will produce. Second, they are more likely to adopt the behavior if the model is either similar to or admired by the individual and the behavior has functional value to the individual. This model seems to be more inclusive, and thus more universally applicable, than many other models."

Tags:model, behavior, skill, observational, reproduction

Abstract
This paper provides a psychological analysis of lack of confidence. The first section of the paper explains general consequences of a lack of confidence. The subsequent sections locate the trait in Carl Rogers's theory of personality and B. F. Skinner's theory of learning.

Abstract
The paper analyzes the development of Jane, the main character in Charlotte Bronte's novel, "Jane Eyre", from her submissive and abusive childhood to the confident and bright woman at the end of the story. The paper examines her relationship with the other characters and shows how and when her personality emerges for her to become a strong, independent woman.

From the Paper
"Jane Eyre is one of the greatest British classics ever written. The story watches closely the life and the evolution of Jane Eyre, a poor, orphan girl who as a child lives upon the mercy of her cold-hearted aunt, Mrs. Reed. The story is very interesting from a feminist point of view. Apparently, Jane Eyre is from the beginning and throughout the development of the story a plain, obedient girl who is always trying to please the others. The humiliations she is subjected to as a child growing up in the middle of an aristocratic family but without being treated as their equal also emphasize her submissive status. Moreover, Jane's relationship with Mr. Rochester could also be regarded as one of dependence. However, the strength of the story lies precisely in the effect of Jane's gradual emergence as a true independent individual, from the obscure beginnings of her childhood to the confident and bright woman at the end of the story. Jane's evolution can be traced in relationship with that of the other characters and it is especially apparent in her love relationship with Mr. Rochester."

Tags:Mr., Rochester, dependence, dominance

Abstract
This paper relates that, in terms of self-concept, the author of the paper learned from his altercation with Steve that his self-esteem was directly impacted by the loyalty of others, which he had never sensed before in other similar experiences. The author realizes that he too often makes sweeping generalizations about others, possibly caused by his desire to trust without hesitation, which has led to many instances of disappointment that affected his self-esteem. The paper relates that this epiphany has given him a great deal of personal strength. The author states that, instead of viewing the situation as a new generalization that no one can be trusted, he was able to see that he can always trust himself to get done what needs to be done. The author underscores that, in terms of Steve's behavior, while many people try to follow the social rules around them, some are unable to actually handle the relationships with others thus they inflate their own self-concepts.

From the Paper
"At this point, I had stopped searching for a used car. I had utmost confidence that Steve would come through, despite his recent lapses in communication. Another week passed, and I received no word of my car. I decided to call again. There was no answer. I began to realize that there never actually was an answer--only the answering service. I called and called. I became desperate. School was about to begin and I had no vehicle and no supplemental income. I had been waiting for Steve...but, who was Steve? In the end, Steve did call me back. It was over a month later that I received the call, only to be curtly chastised for my annoying requests."

Tags:narcissist, characteristic, generalizations, epiphany, annoying

Abstract
This report discusses schools and community relations with reference to four different models proposed by Grunig and Hunt for public relations: Press agency/publicity, information, the two-way asymmetric model and the two-way symmetric model. The author contends that it is imperative for a school board to work for the betterment of students. This paper stresses the importance of having the students' interests first, when coming up with ways to improve community relations. It also deals with ways in which to improve relations between staff and board members, parents and children by building forum structures in order to discuss problems. In addition ways in which to ensure quality education and strict discipline are also proposed amongst other issues.

From the Paper
The schools in the district should do an effective job and let the public know about the success and challenges faced by the school. The confidence of the public in the schools should be increased, by encouraging more residents of the school district to participate in the school decisions. It was determined that education is rated as the highest concern by the public higher than crime and taxes. The schools should make the public aware of the difficulties experienced in the classroom such as: disruptive behavior by students, students disrespect for authority and resistance of the student towards learning. Regular school district meetings may help the school get suggestions from the public in handling these problems. Schools should be personalized to suit the community that it serves. All involved should be aware of their individual roles in the operation of the various schools in the district. Educators should collectively try to gain the public and legislative confidence and support. Educators should stop fighting among themselves and form better working relationships with the business community in the area.

Tags:improve, communications, parents, teachers, school, board, member, official, staff, simple, dialogs

Abstract
This paper examines the phenomenon of social facilitation, which is a branch of social psychology. First, the author gives a succinct definition of social facilitation, noting studies that support this area of research. Then the author describes the focus of the paper, which is the positive effects of having an audience present when a task is performed as opposed to being alone. In the report of the author's experiment in social facilitation, the stated research premise is that an audience may induce anxiety whenever the performer lacks confidence for meeting the performance criterion. The method and results for the experiment are further highlighted the at the end of the paper. Paper includes a "Confidence Conditions' appendix, 'Informed Consent' appendix, and a 'Debriefing' appendix.

Outline:
Methods
Participants
Procedures
Operationalization
Manipulation Checks
Appendix A
Confidence Conditions
No Confidence
Appendix B
Informed Consent
Appendix C
Debriefing

From the Paper
"Previous studies have found a clear improvement in performance when their subjects were confronted with an audience. One past study found that, "the accuracy of the supervised subjects was on the average 34 percent higher than the accuracy of the trainees working in isolation, and toward the end of the experimental session the accuracy of the supervised subjects was more than twice as high as that of the subjects working in isolation" (Zajonc, 1985). These findings are extremely supportive of the facilitative effects of other individuals."

Tags:social psychology, methods, experiments, audience