Abstract This paper explains that, whether considered a negative or positive value, sport confidence and perceived ability do lead to improved performance. The author points out that observational learning, which contributes to acquiring the sport skills needed, as well as to developing sport confidence and to determining an athlete's perceived ability, according to Bandura, includes attention, retention, motor reproduction, and motivation. The paper relates that one aspect virtually all the researchers seemed to have accepted a priori was that the sport experience is correlated with skill, but that, from a scientific standpoint, skill defined as ?individual ability and performance" affects self-confidence and self-efficacy.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Sport Confidence and Perceived Ability
Similarities
Differences
Relationships with Other Theories
Conclusion
From the Paper "Further, two of three principles involved in social learning apply particularly well to the sport model. First, individuals will be more likely to adopt a behavior being modeled if they value the results adopting that behavior will produce. Second, they are more likely to adopt the behavior if the model is either similar to or admired by the individual and the behavior has functional value to the individual. This model seems to be more inclusive, and thus more universally applicable, than many other models."
Abstract This paper discusses how self-confidence is an attitude which allows individuals to have positive yet realistic views of themselves and their situations. Self-confident people trust their own abilities, have a general sense of control in their lives, and believe that, within reason, they will be able to do what they wish, plan, and expect. In particular, it looks at how different theorists may have different views on dealing with different behaviors and how they have the same goal: to continuously improve an individual in dealing with oneself and people around.
From the Paper "An individual's aspirations may be influenced by hereditary and cultural factors but ultimately springs from creative power of individual and is consequently unique. A person which feels inferior especially during childhood may create a goal to obtain security and success. According to Adler, depth of the inferiority feeling usually determines the height of the goal which then becomes the "final cause" of behavior patterns. A way of responding to our family constellation may become the prototype of our world view and attitude toward life.
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Abstract This paper provides a psychological analysis of lack of confidence. The first section of the paper explains general consequences of a lack of confidence. The subsequent sections locate the trait in Carl Rogers's theory of personality and B. F. Skinner's theory of learning.
This paper examines the vital role adults play in instilling confidence and self-esteem in young children and ponders whether a high self-esteem automatically results in children achieving more than those with lower self-confidence.
Abstract The writer of this paper explores the conflicting research which argues that high self-esteem in children does not necessary lead to higher achievements. This paper details the signs of low self-esteem in young children as well as tips and suggestions for improving a child's self-esteem. Also discussed in this paper is the correlation between children with low self-esteem problems and the rising incidents of school violence and the important role both parents and teachers must play in instilling a high level of self-confidence in young children from the start.
From the Paper "Increasing your children's self-esteem is very important. We can see that now more than ever with all the killings in schools. Evidently these children are angry with someone or something. Listening to your children and teaching them how to control their anger is a very important technique that all parents need to learn before our children end up becoming extinct. When self-esteem is promotion in relation to achievement please make sure it fits that achievement."
Tags: child, development, self, esteem, confidence, goals, education, achievement, research
Abstract This paper explains that Keller's ARCS motivation model identifies the four characteristics, which are capitalized and form the acronyms for ARCS and are applied in a sequential manner: Attention (arouse and sustain interest), Relevance (connect lives, needs and interests of the student to the content), Confidence (create a positive expectation for student success) and Satisfaction (intrinsic and extrinsic reward for effort). The author points out that Keller breaks the four major ARCS characteristics into three sub-components: Attention into the sub-components of perceptual arousal, inquiry arousal and variability; Relevance into goal orientation, motive matching and familiarity; Confidence into the sub-components of learning requirements, success opportunities and personal responsibility and Satisfaction into intrinsic reinforcement, extrinsic rewards and equity. The paper applies this teaching method in a detailed lesson plan on using geometry to build a tower, to teaching swimming and states that the method can be used in business.
Table of Contents
Introduction
A Review of the Literature and Applications in the Classroom
Characteristics of the ARCS Model
Attention
Relevance
Confidence Satisfaction
Table 1: Instructional Strategies for Stimulating Motivation as Suggested by the ARCS Model
The Application of ARCS to an Actual Lesson Plan
Attention
Relevance
Confidence Satisfaction
The Application of ARCS outside the Classroom
Attention
Relevance
Confidence Satisfaction
Summary
Appendix A: Using Geometry to Build a Tower
From the Paper "In the lesson, confidence is first instilled in the learners by supplying them with a rubric that outlines the expectations for success in the project. The assignment begins with the relatively simple assignment of taking pictures or looking at pictures on the internet and then describing those structures in their notebooks. Next, the lesson encourages success by having the student build two simple geometric figures, a triangle and a square, and then add to the design of each to strengthen the figures. Once the students have built the simple geometric figures, the lesson challenges the students to build a three dimensional figure and then to build a tower. Each step adds new challenges and opportunities for success. The hands-on nature of the activity also provides the learner with a certain degree of control over the learning environment. This also serves to foster confidence in the learner."
Abstract This paper explains that exercise promotes higher self-esteem as long as the individual enjoys the particular exercise program or feels there are definite and measurable benefits to participating in the program. The author points out that self-esteem can increase an individual's confidence; therefore, if a person has confidence, he or she will have self-respect and find it easier to respect others, which improve one's relationships and promotes health. The paper relates that the beauty of exercise is that, once hooked, an individual continues to self-motivate and, therefore, finds reasons to increase participation in the exercise program.
From the Paper "Exercise provides many benefits. These athletes receive a unique benefit that many laymen simply are unaware that it comes with the turf so to speak. Professional athletes get the benefit of added self-esteem. ?Speculation regarding the interactions between physical activity and self-esteem can be traced back to the origins of sport and have been of concern to physical educators throughout the history of the discipline. During the past two decades, however, we have witnessed a resurgence of interest in body-self interactions in sport due largely to advances in exercise psychology.?"
This paper discusses that, although there are numerous resources available, being a parent can be an overwhelming experience, most often leaving parents wondering if their parenting skills are good enough.
Abstract This paper explains that some experts believe that today's parents are stifling their children with constant worrying and supervision and are denying children learning opportunities for risk-assessment and challenge needed to develop self-confidence. The author points out that confidence is the key to child-rearing. The paper relates that parents are often quick to judge a child's actions or choice of words and neglect to see that at times they are actually cries for love, attention or help; therefore, it is important to acknowledge a child's feelings and opinions and try to understand a situation from their point of view.
From the Paper "A good parent is constantly worrying about their children because there seems to be infinite dangers lurking everywhere. Should a parent vaccinate or not vaccinate, should one parent be a stay-at-home parent or should both parents work outside the home? There is such a myriad of advice available and much of it conflicting over everything from potty training and playing, reading and sleeping, to socializing and eating, it is difficult and frustrating to know whom to believe and trust. Then there are the everyday hazards, such as pedophiles, child kidnappers, rapists, poisonous plastics, choking hazards, sudden death syndrome, chemical contamination of food, and child equipment recalls. It is enough to make any parent paranoid, guilt wracked, angst-ridden, and lose many nights of sleep due to a fear-filled mind."
Tags: chinese, hispanic, authoritarian, confidence, love
Abstract The image of organizational ethics and the trust in corporate America suffered severely from the showers of Wall Street scandals, countless breaches of confidence and numerous example of abuse of power. The paper shows that among other factors, organizational ethics decline is often attributed to corporate greed, work pressure and stress, and lack of effective internal and external regulation. However, experts suggest that in times of distress and tough economic conditions it is more important than ever to remain faithful to personal and organizational moral principles. The paper analyzes the reasons that led to the corporate confidence crisis and looks at solutions to the existing problems. The study provides useful information concerning organizational ethics policies, analyzes various problems associated with moral behavior and decision making in the modern workplace and discusses several ways to improve and promote workplace ethics. The report examines the effects of the Sarbanes-Oxley Law, analyzes organizational internal processes aimed to build value-based corporate culture and discusses the benefits and challenges of formal educational training to advance ethical behavior in business. The paper includes tables and an outline.
Table of Contents
Executive Summary
Introduction
Corporate Scandals
The Concept of Workplace Ethics
Results of the Study
Organizational Ethics Policies
Reasons Behind Workplace Ethics Decline
Restoring Workplace Ethics and Trust
- Through Government Regulation: SOX
- Through Internal Mechanisms
- Through University Education
Summary
Appendix
Works Cited
From the Paper "Perhaps that is the reason why many people believe that companies' ethical guidelines and codes of conduct are no more than a charade, used to show off in front of clients, business partners and competitors. After all, to be perceived as an ethical organization is one way to maintain a reputation for high standards. In addition, ethical behavior has a tendency to relieve public concern about social and environmental responsibilities, as well as to ease the pressure for government regulation. On top of that, according to Amy Zipkin (2000), the author of "Management: Getting Religion on Corporate Ethics," "taking a strong ethical stand helps shield senior officers from legal troubles.""
Abstract This paper states that Ronald W. Reagan (1912-2004) is now considered to be among the greatest U.S. presidents, which is not a bad achievement for a former "not so great" Hollywood actor who, at 69, was the oldest person to be elected president. The author stresses that Reagan possessed most of the qualities common in all great leaders, such as courage, confidence, vision, character, passion and great communication skills. The paper relates that these leadership qualities enabled Regan not only to lift the country out of economic depression and a serious crisis of confidence but also won the Cold War against the Soviets without firing a single shot.
From the Paper "Like other successful leaders, Reagan was a visionary. He had an unflinching belief in the superiority of democracy and capitalism over the totalitarian philosophy of Communism. Very early on in his Presidency, therefore, he had boldly predicted that "the march of freedom and democracy ... will leave Marxism-Leninism on the ash heap of history." Coupled with his grand, long-term vision of the international scene to end the Cold War on a triumphant note, he also had an equally ambitious domestic vision of reducing the intrusiveness of the government and ..."
Tags: courage, confidence, communication, vision, actor
The author examines the economy in the wake of the 9/11 attacks, analyzing the impact on consumer confidence, the stock market and government spending.
4,000 words (approx. 16 pages), 5 sources, 2001, $ 108.95
Abstract This paper examines the effects of terrorism on the economy. It explains that there are three reasons that make this task difficult: Several different sectors of the economy must be looked at, different economic models weigh different elements of society differently and economists have different views on what should be done to alleviate the problem.
From the paper:
"This paper looks at the effects of the terrorist attacks on some of the world's stock markets, which plunged in the first weeks after markets were reopened but have since regained most of their pre-Sept. 11 value. The lower levels of these stock markets are felt by some to reflect the lingering effects of the attacks; it is also possible that the lowered values of stock reflected on exchanges throughout the world are simply reflections of the current still-mild but prolonged recession. It is, of course, probably both: The terrorist attacks pushed teetering world economies down the slope of recession as they damaged consumer confidence sufficiently to cause a contraction in spending that has already been occurring due primarily) to rising unemployment."
Abstract This paper argues that physically fighting back and the type of physical self-confidence gained through defense sports and sports in general should come to the forefront of the debate against rape. The author feels that the question at hand is how women can both protect themselves and, if they have been raped or assaulted, find a way to cope with the tragedy which has occurred.
From the Paper "Kickboxing, Martial Arts, and good-old-fashioned women's self-defense are offered at gyms, on college campuses, and by women's groups across the country. Yet when discussing the issues of rape and date rape, more often than not its the purple colors that represent Take Back the Night and blue light phones that are talked about. Are these the sorts of images and words that should reframe the issue of date rape?"
The following in-depth paper discusses ways in which schools can improve their own public confidence in a specific school district including communication between schools and community.
Abstract This report discusses schools and community relations with reference to four different models proposed by Grunig and Hunt for public relations: Press agency/publicity, information, the two-way asymmetric model and the two-way symmetric model. The author contends that it is imperative for a school board to work for the betterment of students. This paper stresses the importance of having the students' interests first, when coming up with ways to improve community relations. It also deals with ways in which to improve relations between staff and board members, parents and children by building forum structures in order to discuss problems. In addition ways in which to ensure quality education and strict discipline are also proposed amongst other issues.
From the Paper "The schools in the district should do an effective job and let the public know about the success and challenges faced by the school. The confidence of the public in the schools should be increased, by encouraging more residents of the school district to participate in the school decisions. It was determined that education is rated as the highest concern by the public-higher than crime and taxes. The schools should make the public aware of the difficulties experienced in the classroom such as: disruptive behavior by students, students disrespect for authority and resistance of the student towards learning. Regular school district meetings may help the school get suggestions from the public in handling these problems. Schools should be personalized to suit the community that it serves. All involved should be aware of their individual roles in the operation of the various schools in the district. Educators should collectively try to gain the public and legislative confidence and support. Educators should stop fighting among themselves and form better working relationships with the business community in the area."
Abstract Using Enron's collapse as a background, this paper endeavors to arrive at the restoration of integrity within American business organizations. It scrutinizes the reasons for Enron's downfall in the light of the auditing business, looks at their law firm's role in the collapse and Enron's lack of 401(k) diversification. The paper concludes with proposals for restoring integrity within the American business arena.
From the Paper "The fallout from Enron's collapse will influence our business systems and economy for years, maybe even decades. More importantly, the collapse will shape the American business community's psyche in ways we have only begun to imagine. Before its collapse, Enron's value rivaled Maylasia's GDP: when an entity that large implodes, there are bound to be side effects and repercussions through almost every facet of the economy. The hardest hit sectors, of course, will be institutional investing and accounting and auditing practices: a thorough examination of how company 401(k) retirement funds are managed will be necessary to determine why so many aging working Americans suddenly lost almost every penny of their 401(k)s ? their hope and their family's hope for their retirement years, just around the corner ? when Enron collapsed. Accounting companies who combine their services with consulting services ? not just Arthur Anderson: every accounting firm does it at least to a certain extent, Anderson just happened to get caught ? will need to be checked and after years of congressional grumbling, this time it may actually happen."
A discussion of the relationship between college students' confidence in internet research sources and their willingness to attribute them in research projects.
Abstract This paper examines how as the field of internet research grows, both in the amount of information it provides and the frequency with which it is utilized, the question of a possible relationship exists between this frequency of use and the willingness or unwillingness of student users to report or to admit, having used Internet based sources. The literature review section applies and discusses relevant communication theories, including the technological determinism of Marshal McLuhan. The paper proposes a study to determine the underlying causes for such a correlation, including the level of student confidence in the Internet and the level of quality of the material on the Internet. The study reviews the existing theories applicable to the subject, surveys internet sites and question students themselves.
From the Paper "Modern technology has done wonders for today's society. The speed and quality of communications are better than they ever have been before. People living on opposite sides of the world are no longer far away, and now they can reach each other instantly ? by simply picking up a phone or logging on to the internet. In fact, the internet is perhaps the single greatest technology to emerge in this century. Everyday people now have access to billions upon billions of pieces of information, on practically any subject imaginable. Virtual online "communities" have formed, where people participate in communication of a social nature with others from all over the world. The internet has also become an enormous source of entertainment, with its online casinos, games and chat rooms, among other things. Nowhere is the subject of internet research more prevalent than in the academic sphere."
Abstract This paper looks at the role of the patriarch with two specific examples. It focuses on Anzia Yezierska, a writer and Langston Hughes a poet. Both were from poor minority families. The writer gives a background to the authors? families and their work. The paper explores how the experiences of their youth and patriarchs shaped their futures. It examines the four elements of patriarchal influence. Through the two examples, the paper argues that a persons self assurance and confidence begins in family. In conclusion, the writer argues that fathers play a crucial role in the upbringing of their children.
From the Paper "Langston Hughes and Anzia Yezierska were as different from one another as the cultures which they called their own. Although each started their life as a member of poor minority families, Anzia lived in the ghettos of early 20th century Manhattan, and Langston sought refuge amidst in the conflict between slave owners, bigoted whites, and abolitionists of the Midwest. Anzia's father lived in her home, and her family had a strong heritage as Russian Jews who had immigrated to the US."
