Abstract
This essay discusses the views of the Anti-Confederates of Canada, a group who opposed the British North America Act and the establishment of the Canadian federation in the 1860s. The essay examines the arguments presented in three documents: a speech by Joseph Howe at Dartmouth, Nova Scotia, a speech by William Lawrence in the Nova Scotia House of Assembly, a speech by Christopher Dunkin in the Canadian House of Parliament and finally, the work of P.B. Waite who documented the debate. The essay argues that though the Anti-Confederates had valid arguments, their views were not only ignored, but have been grossly misrepresented throughout history.

From the Paper
"Waite relates that the Quebec Chronicle was noted to have woefully stated that the discussion surrounding the Confederation had grown "stale" since nothing new was being said. However, it is reported that Christopher Dunkin quite clearly gave an "exhaustive" speech, which clearly demonstrated that the Confederation was a "shambling, illogical mixture of compromises and rule-of-thumb methods." In fact, Dunkin very clearly related to the listeners that he doubted that 33 men could develop a constitution in a mere seventeen days that would be an integration of the best that was contained in the British and American governments. It is difficult for this writer to believe that this debate could have actually grown stale considering what was at stake in this debate."

Tags:confederation constitution Canadian federation, British North America Act

Abstract
This paper explains how "Confederates in the Attic" is not just a history book, it is an intriguing look into the hearts and minds of modern Southerners and their continuing absorption in the Civil War, reenacting its battles in great detail. It explains how Horwitz attempts to discover just why the Civil War is so compelling to so many people, and in the process, learns more about the sociology and culture of the South. His book, therefore, is more than a history text, or even a modern look back with sentimentality and nostalgia; it is a look into the hearts and minds of people who live vicariously through the history of their ancestors and what that really says about all of us in America today.

From the Paper
"Tony Horwitz clearly had several reasons for writing his compelling book, "Confederates in the Attic," but the most important reason seems to be his own fascination and interest in the Civil War. Specifically, he is searching for the reason why reenacting the Civil War, particularly in the southern United States, has become such a common and undeniable lure for so many people. However, there is more to his book than just searching for reasons. His book is sometimes funny, sometimes depressing, and sometimes almost unbelievable. The people he meets on his journey through the South are people just like you and me, and yet, they have some glaring differences, and these differences are what Horwitz uses to create a lasting impression of people who simply cannot let go of their legacy and get along with their lives. It is easy for those who do not live there to say, "the war is over," but for many in the South, the war will never be over, and this permeates the book with a deep feeling of sadness and wasted lives."

Tags:south, north, history, ancestor

Abstract
A paper which discusses how Black Southerners played a role in fighting on the side of the Confederate Army against the Unionists during America's Civil War. Several issues discussed are the motivation for Blacks to help Confederacy, the legality of Blacks in the Confederate army, the ways in which Blacks helped the Confederate army, legislation, battle stories, the need for black Southern troops, and the establishment of black Confederate army units.

From the Paper
"Not all blacks in the South believed that when the Union army swept in from the North to reclaim the lands of the southern United States it would make their lives better. In fact, a portion of the Southern black population believed so strongly in the right of the Confederacy to separate itself from the United States that they fought against the encroaching Unionists. Black Confederates showed their loyalty in multiple ways; military service in combat, support units of cooks and fortification builders, or if military service was a physical incapability or illegal for the Southern patriots, monetary donations were made to support their cause."

Tags:South, patriots, freemen, slaves, military, service, George, Grimes, Creole, General, Lee

Abstract
This writer relates that he is concerned about what he has been reading and hearing about the British colonies uniting into a Confederation. The writer further relates that his concern is not that a federation will be a reality soon, but that it will not. The writer asserts that this would be extremely beneficial to Upper and Lower Canada by creating economic growth and stability in one united nation, but he believe that even as a Confederation, Canada should not cut ties to Britain. The writer posits that this possible Confederation would make each British colony united to assist one another in times of need; for instance, the railway network is like a skeleton with incomplete passages.

From the Paper
"Dear Editor: I am concerned about what I have been reading and hearing about the British colonies uniting into a Confederation. Uniting each of these colonies would create one strong Dominion of Canada. My concern is not that a federation will be a reality soon, but that it will not. I believe this would be extremely beneficial to Upper and Lower Canada by creating..."

Tags:canada, confederation, dominion

Abstract
The paper discusses how in places like Nova Scotia, the Red River Colony, Newfoundland and Prince Edward Island, people rose up against the idea of Confederation because they believed that central Canada did not have their best interests at heart; to wit, the maritime provinces had a yearning to strengthen ties with Great Britain while the Metis were outraged by the manner in which their land was being taken out from under them by unrepresentative representatives and by federal government officials. The paper notes that as for native Canadians, it seems as though misunderstandings about the government's intentions sparked suspicion - though this suspicion would not actually explode into wide-spread outrage until the 1960s. The paper clearly demonstrates how confederation was opposed by those troubled by what the center had in mind for the peripheries.

From the Paper
"The following paper will look at the various causes of the opposition to Canadian Confederation in the 1860s and beyond. Specifically, in places like Nova Scotia, the Red River Colony, Newfoundland and Prince Edward Island, people rose up against the idea of Confederation because they believed that central Canada did not have their best interests at heart; to wit, the maritime provinces had a yearning to strengthen ties with Great Britain while the Metis were outraged by the manner in which their land was being taken out from under them by unrepresentative..."

Tags:confederation, canada, history

Abstract
This paper discusses and analyzes reasons why the Confederate flag is a symbol of controversy in the US. The paper argues that individuals ought to be allowed to wear or display symbols containing the Confederate flag motif as a simple matter of their free speech rights, both on and off school campuses, or in any other venue.

From the Paper
"While it may seem that a 150-year old symbol of a nation which no longer officially exists could not possibly continue to be a source of controversy in the present day, that is exactly the case in the U.S. today, where the issue of the display of the Confederate flag has been an intermittent source of debate for many years. My thesis is that individuals ought to be allowed to wear or display symbols containing the Confederate flag motif as a simple matter of their free speech rights, both on and off school campuses, or in any other venue. The Confederate flag controversy has generally taken a back seat in the..."

Tags:confederate, free speech, mascot

Abstract
There was certainly something intoxicating at the turn of the twentieth century about the prospect of Alberta joining the fledgling Canadian Confederation. For one thing, Alberta would be a part of a federal union wherein it would, theoretically, have some important areas of jurisdiction - over its own resources, for example - and would have some (seemingly) meaningful spending power. To elaborate on the prerogatives the province could reasonably expect to receive, consider for a moment Section 92 of the British North America Act, 1867. Under this section, the province would have the power of direct taxation (within the province); would be able to borrow money on the sole credit of the province; could establish provincial offices and grant tenure for these offices; could manage and sell public lands belonging to it; could grant licenses; and could exercise control over local works and undertakings. That sort of arrangement surely had some appeal for individuals troubled by the prospect of Alberta losing autonomy over local affairs to a distant (almost alien) government in far-away Ontario.

From the Paper
Should Alberta Join Confederation? A Look at both Sides of the Debate There was certainly something intoxicating at the turn of the twentieth century about the prospect of Alberta joining the fledgling Canadian Confederation. For one thing, Alberta would be a part of a federal union wherein it would, theoretically, have some important areas of jurisdiction - over its own resources, for example - and would have some (seemingly) meaningful spending power. To elaborate on the prerogatives the province could reasonably expect to receive, consider for a moment Section 92 of the British North America Act, 1867. Under this section, the province would have the power of direct taxation (within the province); would be

Tags:confederation, debate, alberta

Abstract
The paper relates that pre-confederation British North America was a land of opportunity, but it was also a land of hardship and uncertainty. The paper explains that working hard was no guarantee of prosperity, for Canadian farmers and ranchers could be ruined by events beyond their control such as droughts, crop failures, and livestock disease, while factory workers in the Eastern cities had no job security and could find themselves homeless and starving if they were injured on the job and could not longer work.

From the Paper
"Pre-confederation British North America was a land of opportunity, but it was also a land of hardship and uncertainty. Working hard was no guarantee of prosperity, for Canadian farmers and ranchers could be ruined by events beyond their control such as droughts, crop failures, and livestock disease, while factory workers in the Eastern cities had no job security and could find themselves homeless and starving if they were injured on the job and could not longer work."

Tags:pre, confederation, canada, opportunity

Abstract
This paper explains that, from 1777 to 1787, the United States acted under a set of rules, established under the "Articles of Confederation", which were little more than a loose alliance among the thirteen original states with no real effort to create a strong national government. The author points out that, following the American Revolution, it was apparent that the rights of the government and citizens under the "Articles of Confederation" were insufficient but there was still a substantial desire to limit the powers of government. The paper relates that, although the Constitution was a definite departure from the "Articles of Confederation", many rules regarding the nation remained the same such as the name of the newly founded nation; however, the most significant change was that the Constitution made the election of federal officials direct from the populous where, in the "Articles of Confederation", they were elected by the state legislatures.

From the Paper
"For the United States to remain united, the federalist stance needed to prevail over the states' appeals for self-government. It is important to note that when the United States was conceived of as a single nation, it was essential that the doctrines that held it together cater to the needs of the individual states. After all, they were significantly separated geographically, and had become quite accustomed to instituting and enforcing their own laws. Therefore, the new government of the United States needed to demonstrate to its inhabitant territories that the implementation of this regime was not going to drastically alter their way of life, and neither was it going to establish expansive laws that were contrary to locally held customs or beliefs. Ideologically, this was the foundation for American federalism."

Tags:alliance, central, federalism, populous, debt

Abstract
Examines the debate over flying the Confederate Battle Flag over the Statehouse in Columbia, South Carolina. Past & recent history. Sentimental & historical meaning of the Confederate flag to Southerners. Issues of symbolism, partriotism, racism, slavery. South vs. North. Views of whites & African-Americans in South Carolina. Argues that the Confederate flag should remain. Gives reasons.

From the Paper
"?To strike freedom of the mind with the fist of patriotism is an old and ugly subtlety,? wrote Adlai Stevenson in a 1952 speech, and his words could well apply to the debate that has gone on for generations in the state of Georgia over the flying of the state's flag, which since 1956 has had the Confederate emblem incorporated into it. Although recent protests over the Georgia flag have not been as those in South Carolina over the Confederate Battle Flag's flying over the statehouse in Columbia - a somewhat more egregious action - it remains a contentious issue in the state that is considers itself both to be the heart of Dixie and also the heart of the new, enlightened, progressive South (Harrison A1).


Protests over the state's flag, which is seen by some as a reminder of the state's history of independence and by others as a..."