Abstract This paper presents a general overview and discussion of the psychological disorders known as ConductDisorder and Antisocial Disorder. The paper presents definitions of both disorders and discusses several aspects associated with these disorders including diagnosis, prevalence, general etiology, risk factors, genetic and biological causes, symptoms of each disorder and need for interventions.
From the Paper "This research paper presents conduct disorder and antisocial disorder. Related to conduct disorder the following are discussed: definition, diagnosis, prevalence, general etiology and risk factors, genetic and biological causes and risk factors, disorder onset as a risk factor, familial and racial risk factors, childhood risk behaviors, developmental progression, course and consequences and assessment, treatment and forensic issues. Related to antisocial disorder the following are discussed: definition, diagnosis, prevalence, general etiology and risk factors, genetic and biological causes and risk factors..."
Abstract This paper studies conductdisorders. The research-based paper first explains the disorder, its characteristics and symptoms. Next the paper discusses the process of making a diagnosis. The paper concludes with a detailed discussion of role of impulse control and affect regulation.
From the Paper "This theoretical paper presents theories and research studies related to the topics of impulse control, affect regulation and conduct disorder. The discussion includes the presentation of ..."
Abstract This paper investigates the issues and the psychological development of conductdisorder in both the childhood and the adolescent years. The diagnosis of conductdisorder is compared and contrasted against oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) and the correlation that conductdisorder has with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Standard medical definitions for these disorders, as well as the growing body of literature on this field, are included to better round out the discussion and to signify the impact of such disorders on children and adolescents.
Abstract This paper explains that there is much the school psychologist and other health care professionals can do to help reduce the problems accompanying conductdisorder in children, by initiating early diagnosis and treatment. The author points out that the primary role of the school psychologist in cases where children demonstrate tendencies toward conductdisorder is acting as a collaborative member of the child's health care team. The paper relates that the school psychologist may serve as a primary resource for family members and teachers desiring greater communication and knowledge of the child's disorder.
Table of Contents:
Diagnostic Criteria for ConductDisorder, Interventions, Role of School Psychologist
School Counseling and Role in ConductDisorder Conclusions/Recommendations
From the Paper "The American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry defines conduct disorder as "a group of behavioral and emotional problems" in young children and adolescents. Conduct disorder typically presents with various symptoms that may include children demonstrating difficulty following rules or "behaving in a manner that is socially acceptable." Among the more commonly demonstrated behaviors among children with CD include: threatening or intimidating others, initiating fights including physical fights, displaying cruelty to others, stealing, forcing others to engage in violent, harmful or sexual behaviors."
Abstract Studies performed by Brandenburg and others suggest that 6 to 10 percent of school-age adolescents show signs of conductdisorder and that 25 to 50 percent of juveniles with conductdisorder become antisocial adults. This paper provides an overview of conductdisorder in young people. It looks at symptoms, nature and nurture factors that contribute to conductdisorder, as well as treatment options.
From the Paper "School remains an immeasurable source of influence in juvenile behavior. Children spend as much time interacting in school relationships as they do in family relationships. Curriculum that is designed for the "normal" student may not be effective with those affected by Conduct Disorder. Also, the same problem with discipline exists with school relationships as it does with family relationships (Hallahan, 234)."
Abstract This paper examines the diagnosis made for adolescents who experience conductdisorder and major depressive disorder . The author examines how these two disorders effect adolescents and the differences between the above diagnosis for adults and children. In addition the author looks at the trend for African-American youth to be teacher-reported for externalized symptoms more than Euro-American youth and the risk of substance abuse that youth who suffer from co-morbid conductdisorder and depression face.
From the Paper "Distinguishing between conduct disorder and major depressive disorder in the assessment of adolescent patients has proved to be a difficult task for clinicians (Meller & Borchardt, 1996; Herkov & Myers, 1996). While current literature has found that the two diagnoses are often comorbid, it appears that major depressive disorder may be under diagnosed, in part because the symptoms of conduct disorder tend to veil the symptoms of depression (Herkov & Myers, 1996; Swearer, 1998; Reinecke, 1995). There is evidence that adolescents express disorders differently than adults, and that "acting out" behaviors that are associated with conduct disorder may be a way for adolescents to express their depressive feelings (Reinecke, 1995). This under diagnosis of depression in adolescents is a serious problem because of the potential for improper treatment for the patient (Herkov & Myers, 1996). Therefore, it is of the utmost importance that clinicians are aware of the difficulties in discriminating between the two disorders."
Tags: disease, children, adolescents, development, mental, health
Discusses how ConductDisorder (CD) in children is influenced by deficits in empathy and "mentalizing" ("Theory of Mind") in their immediate environment.
Abstract ConductDisorder involves a constellation of behaviors including violation of the basic rights of others, aggression toward people and animals, damage to property, lying and stealing, and/or serious violation of rules. Children with conductdisorder have been shown to have significant problems in social interaction. The present paper provides a general overview of conductdisorder, while focusing on possible factors in social and emotional development that have been shown to contribute to it. Specifically, this paper suggests that deficiencies in empathy and "Theory of Mind" are significantly associated with the development of this disorder, but not causes of it.
From the Paper "A similar and related concept of empathy is "theory of mind" or "mentalizing". Happe and Frith (1996) define theory of mind as "the ability of normal individuals to attribute mental states to themselves and others in order to explain and predict behavior" (p. 386). Several researchers (e.g., Frith, Morton, & Leslie, 1991) have attempted to distinguish theory of mind from empathy by claiming that mentalizing is an implicit and unconscious rather than a conscious phenomenon."
This is an overview of the psychological disorder called conductdisorder and includes topics such as, definitions, causes, assessment and ways of intervention.
Abstract This paper is an overview of the psychological disorder called conductdisorder. It discusses the definition of the disorder according to the DSM IV, its prevalence, causes, assessment. It also looks at the education approaches for those that have the disorder, along with educational placement options and current and future trends for intervention.
Outline:
Definitions of Disability
Prevalence
Causes
Assessment
Educational Approaches
Educational Placement Options
Current and Future Trends
From the Paper "Given the intense need of students with conduct disorder, they are frequently placed in alternative classrooms or schools for more intensive programs. (Kernberg, and Chazan 40) Depending on the child's age there is at least one option at each level. Children in the primary age group are frequently referred to resource room teaching, part of the time or all of the time, where in theory there are fewer students and the teacher therefore has more time to focus upon each. In the later years alternative schools are the only public school option and there are usually a few in every community that have lower class sizes and deal with a multivariate of behavioral and educational problems that create a situation where children cannot function in a standard school. OF coarse outside the public schools there is also alternative schooling that is paid for by parents, or possibly partly paid for by the education voucher system, but these schools are few and far between and often require the student to leave home, which is rarely a good option for this disorder as attachment with parents is a key to success in treatment and long term therapy. (Kernberg, and Chazan 40)"
Abstract This paper examines peer relations amongst children with conductdisorder (CD). The focus is on the links between CD and peers. It includes consideration of causes and peers, symptoms and peers, and treatment and peers.
An investigation to determine whether children with an autistic sibling are at greater risk for developing conductdisorder, oppositional defiant disorder and antisocial behavior.
Abstract This study examines the psychological well-being and sibling relationships in adolescent siblings who have a brother or sister with an autism spectrum disorder. In examining these children, the paper attempts to determine the incidence of children who experience conductdisorder, oppositional defiant disorder and antisocial behavior who also have autistic siblings as well as what factors tend to contribute to an increased incidence of these conditions in otherwise-normal siblings of autistic children. Finally, the study attempts to identify clinical interventions that have been proven effective in helping the entire family in general, and otherwise-normal siblings in particular, in the past.
Introduction
Background of the Problem
Statement of the Problem
Purpose of the Study
Significance of the Study
Research Questions
Limitations and Delimitations
Definitions
Summary
Preliminary Literature Review
Methodology
Description of the Study Approach
Data-gathering Method and Database of Study
From the Paper "The number of children who have been diagnosed with autism has increased sharply in recent years; the data had suggested that autism occurs in at least one of every 1,000 children; however, more recent studies demonstrated a prevalence rate that was two- to three-times higher than these earlier estimates. According to Mayes, "Autistic spectrum disorders occur much more frequently in males than females, with the exception of Rett Syndrome, a rare and severe disorder only occurring in females" (p. 92). Autism often occurs in combination with other mental impairments, such as mental retardation, seizure disorders, and attention deficit-hyperactivity/disorder. Furthermore, autism is often misdiagnosed or not diagnosed, but once the condition is diagnosed, the most effective response is early, aggressive intervention focusing on social and communicative deficits; however, older individuals with autism may also gain some benefit from structured interventions."
A guideline to disorders and behavior manifestations and their application to the characters, Hannibal Lector and Buffalo Bill, in the movie, "Silence of the Lambs" (1991).
Abstract Defining mental disorders and subsequent behaviors through the DSM-IV-TR (2000) and associated research is a daunting task indeed. Applying these disorders to the characters, Hannibal Lector and Buffalo Bill, in the movie "The Silence of the Lambs" (1991), requires critical and analytical thinking about mental disorders, etiology of the disorders, and subsequent behaviors as a result. This paper presents a discussion of the disorders using a variety of information in the literature and then presents the key behaviors in a comprehensive table for ease of possible diagnosis. Finally, these defined behaviors are applied to Hannibal Lector and Buffalo Bill in an attempt to give a picture of how these two characters became who they are.
Table of Contents
List of Tables
Introduction
Component I: Disorders and Behavioral Manifestations Guide.
Schizophrenia
ConductDisorder Antisocial Personality Disorder Paranoid Personality Disorder Borderline Personality Disorder Histrionic Personality Disorder Narcissistic Personality Disorder Exhibitionism Paraphilia
Fetishism Paraphilia
Frotteurism Paraphilia
Voyeurism Paraphilia
Pedophilia
Hebephilia
Component II: Assign Disorders to the Characters Hannibal Lector and Buffalo Bill
Component III: Identify probable Etiology of the Disorder References
From the Paper "Component I of this paper is a general guideline of 13 mental disorders, each followed by a comprehensive checklist of behaviors that meet the criterion for each mental disorder. Component II of this paper is where the guideline is utilized in assigning disorders to the characters Hannibal Lector and Buffalo Bill, in the movie The Silence of the Lambs, (1991). Finally, component III mergers the general guideline with the diagnoses of Hannibal Lector and Buffalo Bill and presents a picture as to the etiology of the disorders and the resulting behaviors observed. This will then give a picture as to precursor and probable subsequent behaviors."
Abstract The paper explains that there are three clusters of disorders. This includes the paranoid, schizoid and schizotypal personality disorders, the antisocial, borderline, histrionic and narcissistic personality disorders and finally, the avoidant, dependent and obsessive-compulsive personality disorders. The paper discusses these three clusters as they apply to selected fictional characters. The paper provides a narrative description of the personality disorders and offers case examples of the three kinds of relationships among the dissociative identity disorder sub-personalities. The paper explores a case study of a school boy, Timmy and concludes that an isolated and single instance of "acting out" certainly does not meet the criteria for conductdisorder.
Outline:
Narrative Description of Three Categories of Personality Disorders.
Case Examples of the Three Kinds of Relationships among the Dissociative Identity Disorder Sub-personalities
Case Study of "Timmy"
From the Paper "People suffering from paranoid personality disorders can be angry, combative and unforgiving at the affective level when considering people who may have done them harm in the past (Carr, 2001). From a behavioural and interpersonal perspective, people with this type of personality disorder continually worry about the loyalty of their close friends, partners or spouses; furthermore, Carr points out that they may lack the ability to confide in others because of the potential of their confidences being used against them."
Abstract In this paper the author looks at various explosive disorders suffered by children and the symptoms that they demonstrate. In particular the author looks at intermittent explosive disorder, defiant disorder, attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder, conductdisorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, anxiety disorders, post-traumatic stress syndrome, bipolar disorder and Tourette's syndrome. The author moves on to discuss what the warning signals are and how adults can help child sufferers.
From the paper:
"Explosive behaviors in these children are hard for adults to understand. Many parents assume that the child is deliberately provoking them. On examination this view doesn"t hold up to scrutiny. It doesn?t seem likely that a child is thinking clearly when in the middle of a raging meltdown, and it seems unlikely that a child would choose to act in a way that makes both him and those he loves most extremely unhappy.?
Abstract This paper examines existing research to discuss antisocial behavior in females with co-morbid diagnoses of ADHD and conductdisorder. It explains the fundamentals of both conditions and the factors that led to the association of males with the disorders.
From the Paper "Detention centers and residential treatment facilities are replete with male and female youth that have been in and out of the juvenile justice system for many years. Although the majority of the populations in these facilities are male, the number of female juvenile offenders is continually increasing. Many of the children in these facilities have a history of behavioral difficulties that may or may not have been diagnosed during much of their childhood."
Abstract This paper examines the nature of antisocial personality disorder and its relation to genetic predisposition (nature) or environment (nurture). The paper discusses how the close links between these disorders and substance abuse seem to suggest that there is genetic influence, based on research that suggests that the tendency toward alcoholism is inherited. The paper explains the question that remains, however, about whether the tendency toward conductdisorder, and, later in life, the tendency toward antisocial personality disorder is genetic or whether it is caused by environmental factors, such as parenting styles or substance abuse.
From the Paper "A great deal of literature exists on antisocial personality disorder (APD). Much of the literature indicates that there is a correlation between substance abuse, primarily alcohol abuse and APD. Other literature indicates that conduct disorder preceded APD in a statistically significant portion of the diagnoses. One of these causes would seem to indicate that APD can be influenced by external factors, i.e., nurture. The other would suggest that APD is influenced by intrinsic factors, i.e., nature. Is there a definitive explanation for this disorder? Although there is no indication that conduct disorder occurs entirely by either genetic predisposition or by environmental influences, this writer is intrigued by the connection between this disorder, antisocial disorder and substance abuse."
