Abstract This paper explains that the hydrologic cycle is the term used to describe the continuous circulation of water in the Earth-atmosphere system. The paper then looks at how the most important processes that drive the hydrologic cycle are evaporation, transpiration, condensation, precipitation and runoff. The paper concludes that the extent to which people come to recognize the importance of water and the hydrologic cycle that drives it, will likely be the extent to which current and future conservation efforts will be successful.
Outline:
Introduction
Review and Discussion
Background and Overview.
Hydrologic Processes.
Conclusion
From the Paper "While the hydrologic cycle keeps things continually changing, some things remain relatively the same. For example, Fisher (2001) points out that even with all of this movement of water around the planet, everything tends to end up right back where it started when all is said and done. "In the Water Cycle game," he says, "fair or not, the oceans have and keep almost all the wealth. The total of all the fresh (that is, not salty) water on land, including lakes, rivers, streams, ponds, puddles, bathtubs, kitchen sinks, and all the water under the ground, comes to only 2.4% of Earth's water. The atmosphere contains the rest, only .001% (that's 1/100,000th), in the form of water vapor and clouds" (Fisher, 2001, p. 14). In fact, this author emphasizes that it is this infinitesimal percentage of the water that is suspended in the Earth's atmosphere at any given point time is what keeps the whole system operating."
Abstract In this article, the writer introduces, discusses and analyzes the short story "The Jilting of Granny Weatherall" by Katherine Anne Porter. Specifically, the writer discusses the theme of time in the story. The writer explains that this short story follows the last hours of Granny Weatherall, an eighty-year-old woman who lives with her daughter and is about to die. The writer notes that the story condenses the pain and triumph of her life into a few hours, and so it condenses all her time alive into just a tiny speck that seems to mean very little. The writer concludes that everyone, no matter how old they are, needs more time, and this short story's theme demonstrates that while all anyone really has in life is time, it is never enough in the end.
From the Paper "This indicates how people really think about life - there will always be more time tomorrow. Granny's life has been a disappointment to her in many ways, and now, as she lies dying, she still wants to do something more, something that will matter and keep her busy. She has kept herself busy to pass the time and to keep from thinking about memories she does not want to remember. She has had years to dispose of those letters, and yet she has put it off until it is too late. This shows the reader that time is fleeting and they should not put off the things they hope to accomplish in life, because it can be over in a second."
"Granny's thoughts also show something else that is common with the passage of time. She wants to go back and live her life again, and live it differently."
Abstract This project lab explored the applications of directed ortho metalation in organic synthesis.
From the Paper " In particular a piperidine based directing group 2, an amide, was obtained from o-toluyl chloride 1. The amide 2 was deprotonated at the ortho position with sec-BuLi and an electrophile, benzylaldehyde, was introduced. The introduction of the electrophile resulted in the addition of a benzyl alcohol group onto the deprotonated amide, resulting in the final product 3. The amide 2 was high in yield with 92.4% being recovered; however the final product 3 was low in yield with only 34.0% being recovered. The amide 2 was identified as such through spectral information obtained from IR, 1H NMR, and 13C NMR. The final product 3 was not produced as was determined through spectral information obtained from IR, and 1H NMR."
Abstract This paper discusses the results and conclusions from a chemistry experiment about the preparation and reversible oxygenation of the Co(II)(salen) complex.
From the Paper "The tetradentate N,N'-bis(salicylaldehyde)ethylenediimine 3, SalenH2, was prepared by the Schiff's base condensation of salicylaldehyde 1 and ethylenediamine 2 via the elimination of water1. SalenH2 3, was then used to prepare the red inactive form of the complex N,N'-bis(salicylaldehyde)ethylenediimino)cobalt(II) 4, Co(salen).
The inactive form of Co(salen) 4, consists of dimeric units in which the cobalt atom of one molecule interacts with an oxygen atom lone pair of the second molecule1. The inactive form of Co(salen) was investigated in DMSO in which oxygen is rapidly absorbed. The binding of the oxygen to cobalt was measured and was found that one mole of oxygen bound to two moles of cobalt. Values of the ratio for oxygen to cobalt are dependent on the nature of the ligands, temperature and solvents."
Abstract This essay discusses Buddhism by looking at Basho's travel diary entries, or stations which contain a haiku poem . The writer reflects on the flashes of enlightenment, called kensho, which are intense forms of those everyday occurrences that surprise us because they seem to reveal a truth.
From the paper:
?Haiku is a momentary, condensed poetic form and its special quality is that it is perfectly adapted to give the reader that little instant of kensho insight. Each of Basho's travel diary entries, or stations, contain a haiku poem, an enigmatic ?kensho.? Each haiku becomes a little burst of awakening.?
Abstract This paper explains how a hurricane forms, looks at the special and unlikely circumstances which led to the devastating effects of Hurricane Andrew, and describes the damage caused in various states and why faulty building techniques were partially to blame.
From the paper:
"David Fisher's book on hurricanes describes a Category 5 hurricane as the ?scariest place on Earth, and Andrew was a Category 5 hurricane when it hit both south Florida and Louisiana.
A hurricane is a giant heat pump (Fisher, p. 61). Both the heat of the sun and the heat generated as evaporated moisture condenses contribute to the development of the hurricane. As the spinning winds contract, they speed up, much as a skater speeds up by pulling her arms in more tightly to her sides. Organization of the storm also requires an upper level high over a lower-level low, which allows the tropical depression to organize into a well formed, rotating tropical storm. If these conditions persist, the tropical storm may strengthen into a hurricane."
Abstract This paper briefly describes the different forms of heat transfer. Heat transfer is a process that occurs on the molecular level. The basics of the process are defined, with three heat transfer mechanisms identified-- conduction, convection and radiation.
From the Paper "In metals, thermal energy is transported by conduction band electrons. This is based on understanding molecular orbital bands. This refers to solids that form a lattice, including metals. These lattice metals are understood by looking at the lattice itself as one large molecule rather than looking at it as individual atoms. The electron orbitals of the atoms overlap, creating a continuous band covering a range of energies that extends throughout the lattice (Shriver, D.F., Atkins, P.W., & Langford, C.H. Inorganic Chemistry. New York: Oxford University Press, 1994, p. 91)."
This paper provides a condensed overview of the Biblical Old Testament, as outlined and explored in the book, "Old Testament Survey: The Message, Form, and Background of the Old Testament", by William Sanford LaSor, David Allan Hubbard, and Frederic Will
1,575 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 1 source, 1991, $ 55.95
From the Paper "The purpose of this paper is to provide a condensed overview of the Biblical Old Testament, as outlined and explored in the book, Old Testament Survey: The Message, Form, and Background of the Old Testament, by William Sanford LaSor, David Allan Hubbard, and Frederic William Bush.
The first point that must be made here is that the point of view of the authors of this meaty volume is tinged heavily by their Christian evangelical attitudes. The authors consider the Old Testament to be not only a historical study of a time and place in history (the Middle East, during the two thousand years before Christ,) but also the precursor to the New Testament, in a purely religious sense.
Thus, the authors emphasize the importance of the old Testament as the foundation upon which Christianity is based, as ... "
Abstract Although the general theme of Sigmund Freud's "Jokes and their Relation to the Unconscious" is the characteristics and composition of jokes and their relationship with the unconscious mind, the content of Chapter VI is rather narrower and more specific. Entitled "The Relation of Jokes to Dreams and to The Unconscious", Chapter VI deals almost exclusively with Freud's theoretical arguments. The paper looks at how Freud draws similarities and shows differences between his theories on dreams and jokes in this chapter. According to Freud, displacement, condensation and indirect representation are processes that occur in the formation of both jokes and dreams.
From the Paper "Another prominent issue within the chapter examined is that of criticism. In several instances, although primarily within the earlier paragraphs, Freud takes the opportunity to address critics of his previous works, and of his theories in general. His response is, at times, surprisingly severe, especially towards those who "dispute the unconscious as being somewhat absurd and impossible", and he explains their unwillingness to accept such concepts as the result of "emotional resistances" and therefore their "most convenient plan is to deny its possibility altogether" (162). It is not only academics and fellow specialists who are the subject of Freud's almost arrogant response but also his readership, as evidenced by his suggestion that, "I can therefore wait quietly till my readers" understanding catches up with me? (159)."
Abstract This paper explores a selected quote from Euripides' classic tragedy, "Electra", in respect to how the one quote condenses the majority of the action in the play.
Abstract This paper begins by illustrating the process most commonly used to remove hydrogen sulfide from natural gas. The paper then goes on to describe an alternative method used for the removal of hydrogen sulfide and describes the benefits of this method, as well as some of the problems associated with it. Additionally, the paper points out that the water content of natural gas is an important engineering consideration concerning the sweetening process and presents an overview of the properties of pure acid gases and water and hydrogen sulfide. The paper then goes on to outline and explain additional processes and engineering considerations concerning the removal of hydrogen sulfide and includes some cost estimates and comparisons of the processes.
Properties of H2S and CO2
Vapor / Liquid Properties of Pure Compounds
Vapor / Liquid Phase Behavior
Acid Gas Compression and Dehydration
Metallurgy
Acid Gas Dehydration
Acid Gas Injection Facilities
Cost Comparisons with Small Scale Sulfur Recovery Options
Operating Costs
From the Paper "Sour natural gas contains hydrogen sulfide (H2S), which has to be removed to meet specifications for sales gas. Sour natural gas also contains carbon dioxide (CO2). The removal of CO2 and H2S, usually called acid gases, from sour natural gas is generally accomplished by means of a regenerative solvent. There are several amine solvents used for this purpose. Upon regeneration of the solvent, the acid gases are liberated, and are usually sent to a modified Claus plant, where the H2S is converted to elemental sulfur (Canjar & Manning 1967). The acid gas stream to the modified Claus plant consists of H2S, CO2, water vapor and minor amounts of hydrocarbon gas."
Abstract The oil and gas extraction industry in Australia is comprised of firms that are primarily engaged in producing crude oil, natural gas or condensate and in treating these products on site to produce liquefied or purified forms of oil and gas. The paper presents an industry and environmental scan of oil and gas extraction in Australia. It includes graphs and tables.
Paper Outline:
Products of the Industry
Market Structure
Market Size and Sales
International Environment
Regulatory Environment
Demographics
Industry Problems
Industry Trends and Forecasts
Porter's 5 Forces Model Analysis
Bibliography
From the Paper "According to Richard A. Kerr, many economists foresee another half-century of cheap oil; however, a growing contingent of geologists warns that oil will begin to run out much sooner--perhaps in only 10 years or so. The optimists are characterized as mainly those who place their faith in new technology for finding and extracting oil and expect that production will meet rise in demand until about 50 years from now, a period deemed sufficient to identify and develop effective energy alternatives; however, the pessimists suggest that even taking into account the best efforts of the explorationists and the discovery of new fields in frontier areas such as the Caspian Sea sometime between 2010 and 2020, the production oil from wells around the world will peak at 80 million barrels per day, then begin a steady, inevitable decline (Kerr, 1998)."
Abstract This paper explains that the Samuel Adams brand series by The Boston Beer Company, one of the world's most successful breweries producing malt products, ciders, teas and other drinks, have become a favorite in the United States, Germany, England and throughout South America. The author points out that the bulk of the international sales are the result of resale in which the company sells to domestic distributors who in turn sell to domestic and international retailers and consumers; whereas, the direct company sales are a result of joint ventures in countries such as Argentina, Chile and Brazil. The paper relates that, to prevent damage or spoilage in transportation, the beer is condensed for shipment, sent to local bottling plants in either domestic or international markets and the simply re-hydrated, bottled and distributed by the local bottling plant.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Objectives
Exporting with Shipping and Packing
Documentation
Pricing
Five Key Elements
Conclusion
From the Paper "Mr. Hall pointed out that the Boston Beer Company works on the export price with a cost-plus method. The calculations start with a domestic manufacturing cost and adds in administration, research and development, overhead, freight forwarding, distributor margins, customs charges, and profit. Price is also determined by: projected sales, actual cost of the export, market demand and competition which will also include "nonmarket" costs like tariffs and customs fees, exclude cost elements that provide no benefit to the export function such as domestic advertising."
Abstract In this essay, the writer looks at the book "Little Men" and also looks at the influences on the author Louisa May Alcott. The writer points out that the Alcotts, both father and daughter, lived in an exciting time in history, when liberalism was a nascent concept. In this article, the writer studies the novel "Little Men" and maintains that it is a correlation of true-life experience and the "Plumfield School" is built on the ideals and premises with which the author's father experimented at his Boston Temple School. Further, the writer notes that although 'Little Men' is a condensed, highly idealized tale, it reflects the romanticism inherent in transcendentalism. The writer concludes that although Little Men seems sugar-coated by today's standards, it reflects an important movement in education that, in some modified form, could be useful for today's students.
From the Paper "For Little Men, Alcott borrows some characters from her famous book, Little Women, who have now grown up and gone on to live their ideals. The fortunate children at Jo Bhaer's Plumfield School are mostly boys, as well as Jo's own children and her twin niece and nephew. The school also serves as a dormitory, and the children go to their homes only for an occasional visit. Alcott does a fascinating job of attributing a unique personality to each of the children: One is very focused on earth science and botany, one child is mentally slow, one is very pious, one is highly talented in music, one is obsessed with the ocean, one is hot-tempered, one comes from the streets and knows too much about stealing and cursing, one is a food-addict, one loves to cook. Each child in Jo's school is given the opportunity to explore to the fullest his or her own particular talents and interests, including business deals among the boys and a small working kitchen for little Daisy."
Abstract This paper explains that, while the debate about the effect of television advertising on children has focused primarily on advertising aimed at children, children also are affected by advertisements aimed at adults, which children may view when watching prime-time television. The author points out that television advertisements often confuse children by blurring the line of reality and by using symbols that advertisers intend for an older audience. The paper relates that, while children may not identify actual celebrities, they certainly identify with fantasy celebrities such as the smile in the condensation of the Kool-Aid pitcher, which may reinforce ideas of refreshment or ideas of rebellion or escape from normal restrictions and routine.
From the Paper "Television advertisements are also misinterpreted by children. A study by Eliot Butter illustrates findings in this area. A group of four-year old children were observed watching an episode of Captain Kangaroo. Several times during the show, the program would pause for a commercial break. The children were asked to indicate to the experimenter when the show stopped and the commercials began. While 90% of the children could distinguish when the show stopped and the commercial began, this does not indicate they understand the "true" difference between commercials and programs."
