Abstract
This paper examines the trial and condemnation of Socrates, further showing how even today it is relevant for understanding the nature of justice and its relationship with the law. In particular, the paper quotes from Plato's "Republic" to show Socrates' beliefs about justice at the time of the trial. Additionally, the paper summarizes these dialogues in the statement that justice and laws are designed to be harmonious and work together, and they are to be followed no matter what injustice has occurred for otherwise society would fall into destruction. The paper includes a lengthy philosophical discussion about justice. The paper concludes with the caveat that justice and the law do not always work in harmony.

From the Paper
"In order for one to understand what the trial and condemnation of Socrates has to teach us about the nature of justice and its relationship with the law, one must first understand what is meant by the terms "justice and "law . These are two separate things, and it is impossible for them to be one whole concept in itself; the law as we know it is not always just, therefore justice and the law are different. However, despite their difference, the two form a relationship with each other for the good and survival of our society. Justice is a universal goal which all societies should strive towards for their citizens, and the law is the process by which that goal can be achieved. As it will be explained further, upon analysis of Plato s "Republic", we can never truly know what pure justice is, we can see examples of it, but we still are unable to know what it actually is. This is where the law comes in, for it is the laws role to attempt to help society reach its goal of justice for all. It is this relationship between justice and the law which is ever present in the trial and condemnation of Socrates."

Tags:justice, law, trial, Phaedo, Plato's Republic

Abstract
This paper discusses the United Nation (UN) charter with regards to genocide intervention, as well as state sovereignty. It discusses conflict of interest and other issues that arise when a sovereign state is condemned under international law of genocide and the surrounding states may want to attempt to stop the human rights abuses that are occurring. This creates a moral dilemma, in terms of violating the state's sovereignty.

From the Paper
"UN Charter and Genocide Intervention In matters of sovereign nations, the United Nations charter places a strong emphasis against intervention of the internal affairs of that nation, with the exception of cases that have been officially labeled as genocide. When put into context of the United States, the record of this global superpower is inconsistent at best. While intervention is not encouraged to prevent wars of conquest and vengeance, not taking a firm stand on the matter, as in the case of the United States, has fostered an environment that has also become conducive to utilizing war and intervention as a means to advance policy."

Tags:uncharter, genocide, unitedstates

Abstract
In war, a distinction is made between murder and killing. Murder is the deliberate killing of another human being and is condemned, but killing another in war is treated as a necessary act and one that does not carry the same stigma. Making other understand the distinction can be difficult, however. In human society, inhibitory restraints against killing other human beings have developed over time and have gained the force of law both moral and man-made.

From the Paper
In war, a distinction is made between murder and killing. Murder is the deliberate killing of another human being and is condemned, but killing another in war is treated as a necessary act and one that does not carry the same stigma. Making other understand the distinction can be difficult, however. In human society, inhibitory restraints against killing other human beings have developed over time and have gained the force of law both moral and man-made. In war, though, these restraints are lessened and have to be overcome to a degree for self-protection. Still, when soldiers have to perform this act, even if it is clear that it is an act of self-protection, it can take a psychological toll. These individuals have

Tags:killing, resistance, war

Abstract
This paper examines the way in which Stone in his essay appears to be acting as a kind of prosecuting attorney across the ages, asking Socrates why and how the philosopher behaved in ancient Athens the way he did. By doing so, by using the format developed by Socrates himself, Stone hopes to shift the emphasis from the image of the hemlock-drinking, condemned philosopher to Socrates as he was in life.

From the Paper
"First of all, Stone challenges the simple association of Socrates with free speech. In fact, Socrates periodically challenged the democratic, free speech ideals of the Athens he lived in. Socrates hoped to create an ideal philosophical kingdom, ruled by a philosopher king. Although Socrates was condemned to death in Athens for what he said and advocated, this did not mean therefore that that Socrates had advocated free speech during his life, in his philosophy. Socrates was only able to flourish as long as he did in Athens because of the free debate and discussion encouraged in his resident city. Even though he condemned such free and democratic Athenian debate, Socrates benefited as a result of the city's tolerance."

Tags:plato, philosopher, atheism, ancient, athens, gods

Abstract
Male homosexuality was a common practice in Chinese history. Several sources document the extent of this practice through long periods of Chinese history. It was also widely depicted in Chinese literature. Common literary terms for homosexuality included longyang, fen tao zhi ai (sharing or eating a peach) and duanxiu or cut sleeve. With few exceptions, however, male homosexuality did not replace heterosexual marriage nor was it seen as an alternative to marriage. Even as a kind of supplement to marriage, male homosexuality was not universally accepted. Though common, it was condemned by many. It was also illegal in the Qing period. These themes are discussed in this paper.

Abstract
This paper discusses Dante's vacillation between supporting or challenging God's justice during his journey among the dead sinners in "The Inferno." The writer discusses first the argument that there is a decreasing trend of pity in Dante for the sinners, and the texts on which it is based, and then shows how Dante alternates between pity and loathing throughout much of "The Inferno". The writer shows that Dante's personal biases and municipal and political loyalties remain the deciding factor in his interaction with the sinners, not the nature of the sin committed. Dante's pity or lack thereof is also influenced by the words and actions of the sinners he encounters. The writer analyzes Cantos XXXII and XXXIII and concludes that Dante remains as indecisive in the end as he was in the beginning of his journey. The paper includes figures.

From the Paper
"Before launching into an argument against Dante's decreasing trend of pity for the sinners, let us take a moment to consider the merits of this stance. At first glance, the character Dante seems to become increasingly merciless towards those agonizing in Hell. Early on in his venture, he weeps at the very sound of the suffering souls: "Now sighs, loud wailing, lamentation / resounded through the starless air, / so that I too began to weep" (III.22-24). Without even identifying the sin behind their cries, he grieves at the justice commanded by God and so, as Virgil warns, affiliates himself with the sinners instead of with heavenly sanction."

Abstract
This paper explains that "The Rape of Nanking: The Forgotten Holocaust of World War II " by Iris Chang describes events that happened four years before Pearl Harbor, when the Japanese forces destroyed everything in their way in their march to conquer the important areas of China, not so much for a military victory but to crush the state of mind of a people opposed to everything Japanese; the world has never condemned the Japanese nor has Japan apologized. The author points out that the book lacks objectivity and presents a one-dimensional view of both the Japanese "criminals" and the Chinese women victims. The paper relates that, from a historian's point of view, Chang does not delve into the Chinese government's role in allowing this massacre and other Japanese atrocities to happen.

From the Paper
"If there is one section of the book where the author spends an inordinate amount of space it is with the lack of responsiveness of the Japanese government to answer charges about the war crimes committed in Nanking. One can see from recent headlines that the Japanese seem loath to do anything about the atrocities committed during the War, including the "comfort women" important from the Philippines and Korea, and other atrocities for which the Japanese government expressed regret, but offered no reparation. She goes into great length about the silence of the soldiers themselves, the rise of many of these war criminals into public life and the private sector and the lack of reparations to the Chinese victims of this Rape of Nanking and other atrocities on the Chinese mainland. Unlike the Germans, for example, who continued to root out suspected Nazis who had taken government and industrial jobs, the Japanese smugly left them alone- as if to say "let bygones be bygones"."

Tags:world-consciousness, women, crush, destruction, governments

Abstract
This paper explains that, in his trial, Socrates was found guilty although he presented an adequate argument, but public bias wrongfully executed him. The author points out that Socrates was attempting to convey to the masses that he had followed the letter of the law on every occasion, even when it went against the decision of the Council: "I must obey the law and make my defense." The paper concludes that the Socratic Method is one of the most widespread and universal methods of deductively drawing a conclusion; thus, if Socrates corrupted the minds of the youth, then today the world is corrupted.

From the Paper
"Due to the unpopular exposure, Socrates had amassed during his quest for knowledge, the jury that heard his apology was bias; some, possibly having been ridiculed by Socrates during his search of philosophy. The people of Athens had come with the intention of convicting Socrates so that he would have been exiled. This could be seen in the dialogue between Crito and Socrates. Crito recommended to Socrates that he should flee in exile. If Socrates did so, none of the citizenry would pay any attention or care. However, Socrates being a man who had abided by the will of the State could not allow himself to flee and retain the status of a criminal. The point, which can be made from this example, is that the primary notion of the people of Athens was not for Socrates to be executed."

Tags:execution, athens, bias, unpopular, corruption

Abstract
This essay discusses the different factors which caused Khrushchev to fail in many of his policies-- his 'quick-fix solutions' and 'hare-brained scheming', internal opposition from powerful vested interests, and international opposition from the United States and China. However, it also argues that there was one underlying problem which prevented him from finding success: the legacy of Stalin.

From the Paper
"Of the leading contenders vying to take over from Stalin as leader of the Soviet Union, Khrushchev was perhaps best suited for the job. He had been less involved in the Purges of the 1930s than Malenkov, Molotov and Beria, and was the only member of the Party Presidium who had any experience in agriculture, which was probably the area of Soviet life most desperately in need of reform. However, it was a formidable task; he had inherited a crippled regime, which had survived to this date only through the terror of Stalin. Any serious attempt at reform would undermine the socialist system itself; all of the Party leadership would be implicated if any criticism was made of the previous decades. Furthermore, although Khrushchev attained enough power to initiate reform, he often found himself unable to implement it successfully, due to pressures from within the Party. Thus, the Khrushchev era was one of half-measures and contradictions, sweeping reforms without the means to carry them out, and, almost inevitably, failure. When Khrushchev was ousted from office in 1964, charged with 'harebrained scheming, hasty conclusions, rash decisions, and actions based on wishful thinking' , there were few aspects of Soviet life in which he could claim significant success. Nevertheless, any criticism has its limits; the Soviet Union was certainly in a better state than when he had inherited it; moreover, the failures of Soviet leaders post-Khrushchev highlight the near impossibility of his task."

Tags:cold, communist, lysenko, maize, missile, russia, soviet, union, ussr

Abstract
In this paper, although he had been innocent to the Captain and much of the crew, the scapegoating of Billy was a necessary evil to set a precedent about the law and of its enforcement on the high seas. Mutiny was a serious offense in the navy, which certainly did not go in Billy's favor due to Claggart's corruption and lack of responsible behavior. This is essentially the post-trial reason why Captain Vere never swayed from his duty.

From the Paper
Thank you for purchasing a customized research paper from The Paper Experts Inc. rive to deliver to our customers the most accurate and up-to-date research each and every time we prepare a custom work. Your Writer ID: #255 Order ID: 20981 Topic: Literature Disclaimer: This document should be used in precisely the same way you would use any article you might find in your local research library. Remember, you must cite it properly just like you would any other source listed in your bibliography. If you have any questions regarding citing

Tags:budd, melville, trial