Abstract
This paper examines the trial and condemnation of Socrates, further showing how even today it is relevant for understanding the nature of justice and its relationship with the law. In particular, the paper quotes from Plato's "Republic" to show Socrates' beliefs about justice at the time of the trial. Additionally, the paper summarizes these dialogues in the statement that justice and laws are designed to be harmonious and work together, and they are to be followed no matter what injustice has occurred for otherwise society would fall into destruction. The paper includes a lengthy philosophical discussion about justice. The paper concludes with the caveat that justice and the law do not always work in harmony.

From the Paper
"In order for one to understand what the trial and condemnation of Socrates has to teach us about the nature of justice and its relationship with the law, one must first understand what is meant by the terms "justice and "law . These are two separate things, and it is impossible for them to be one whole concept in itself; the law as we know it is not always just, therefore justice and the law are different. However, despite their difference, the two form a relationship with each other for the good and survival of our society. Justice is a universal goal which all societies should strive towards for their citizens, and the law is the process by which that goal can be achieved. As it will be explained further, upon analysis of Plato s "Republic", we can never truly know what pure justice is, we can see examples of it, but we still are unable to know what it actually is. This is where the law comes in, for it is the laws role to attempt to help society reach its goal of justice for all. It is this relationship between justice and the law which is ever present in the trial and condemnation of Socrates."

Tags:justice, law, trial, Phaedo, Plato's Republic

Abstract
In this paper, although he had been innocent to the Captain and much of the crew, the scapegoating of Billy was a necessary evil to set a precedent about the law and of its enforcement on the high seas. Mutiny was a serious offense in the navy, which certainly did not go in Billy's favor due to Claggart's corruption and lack of responsible behavior. This is essentially the post-trial reason why Captain Vere never swayed from his duty.

From the Paper
Thank you for purchasing a customized research paper from The Paper Experts Inc. rive to deliver to our customers the most accurate and up-to-date research each and every time we prepare a custom work. Your Writer ID: #255 Order ID: 20981 Topic: Literature Disclaimer: This document should be used in precisely the same way you would use any article you might find in your local research library. Remember, you must cite it properly just like you would any other source listed in your bibliography. If you have any questions regarding citing

Tags:budd, melville, trial

Abstract
This paper analyzes Jonathan Swift's "Gulliver's Travels" and how it is an indictment of humanity. The paper explains that, in "Gulliver's Travels", Swift seeks to condemn human nature as being a state that is assimilated by all in terms of unthinking servitude to individuals' own desires and needs, which conflict and contrast to create a sort of messy chaos that is not ruled by reason or logic. The paper relates that Swifts condemnation of human nature is not light satire. Rather it is a general indictment of humanity as being naturally loathsome and horrible to behold. That is, Swift does not see any saving grace in civilization, but instead concentrates on the innate debasement of humanity.

From the Paper
"When the narrator accepts that the horses are his social superiors and masters, he does so after some amount of discussion, having learned their language enough to give a rather proud account of his native land, which is summarily dismissed by the horses as being typical of Yahoo behavior. The horses remark that it is not unheard of in their land to also see Yahoos squabbling and killing each other over certain minerals, and that the dominant Yahoo is also surrounded by fawning subservient attendants who herd female
Yahoos into his camp and help to clean the lead Yahoo's feet and behind."

Tags:houyhnhnms, yahoo, condemnation, ignorance, salvation

Abstract
"Hester Prynne, the protagonist in Nathaniel Hawthorne's The Scarlet Letter, is ostracized from her community and forced to wear a cloth "A" signifying she has committed the sin of adultery. However, the novel is a condemnation not of Hester but of the community which has so harshly and hypocritically judged her

From the Paper
"Hester Prynne, the protagonist in Nathaniel Hawthorne's The Scarlet Letter, is ostracized from her community and forced to wear a cloth "A" signifying she has committed the sin of adultery. However, the novel is a condemnation not of Hester but of the community which has so harshly and hypocritically judged her. Hawthorne's novel portrays both the inhumane effects of the cruel enforcement of the morality of Puritanism, and the courage and love of Hester as she lives to transcend that inhumane cruelty. Hester is shown to suffer not because she is evil, but because her human frailties have been judged evil by a community which refuses to accept such frailty in its members. Ironically, her lover is the man who represents more than any other those Puritan values. In Hawthorne's view, Hester is far more human and moral than the others in the community because she accepts ..."

Abstract
For those who look to the Bible for answers, many cite the Book of Leviticus as proof that the Bible condemns homosexuality. This paper discusses how a closer look at these often cited passages, using both an historical and biblical perspective, sheds new light on the subject, suggesting that the Bible may not actually condemn homosexuality as once believed.

From the Paper
"In recent times, homosexuality has been one of the most debated issues in the Bible. Many believe that the Bible condemns homosexuality, especially those Christians who adopt conservative interpretations of the Bible. Two of the verses most commonly cited by those who condemn homosexuality are in the book of Leviticus. A simple reading of these two verses can easily be interpreted as God simply prohibiting homosexuality among men. However, these verses read alone are not an accurate statement of the Bible's stance on homosexuality. When viewed in both a religious and historical context, and when viewed together with the other rules outlined in Leviticus, condemnation of homosexuality based on Leviticus seems to be without merit."

Tags:canaan, religion

Abstract
This paper explains that "The Rape of Nanking: The Forgotten Holocaust of World War II " by Iris Chang describes events that happened four years before Pearl Harbor, when the Japanese forces destroyed everything in their way in their march to conquer the important areas of China, not so much for a military victory but to crush the state of mind of a people opposed to everything Japanese; the world has never condemned the Japanese nor has Japan apologized. The author points out that the book lacks objectivity and presents a one-dimensional view of both the Japanese "criminals" and the Chinese women victims. The paper relates that, from a historian's point of view, Chang does not delve into the Chinese government's role in allowing this massacre and other Japanese atrocities to happen.

From the Paper
"If there is one section of the book where the author spends an inordinate amount of space it is with the lack of responsiveness of the Japanese government to answer charges about the war crimes committed in Nanking. One can see from recent headlines that the Japanese seem loath to do anything about the atrocities committed during the War, including the "comfort women" important from the Philippines and Korea, and other atrocities for which the Japanese government expressed regret, but offered no reparation. She goes into great length about the silence of the soldiers themselves, the rise of many of these war criminals into public life and the private sector and the lack of reparations to the Chinese victims of this Rape of Nanking and other atrocities on the Chinese mainland. Unlike the Germans, for example, who continued to root out suspected Nazis who had taken government and industrial jobs, the Japanese smugly left them alone- as if to say "let bygones be bygones"."

Tags:world-consciousness, women, crush, destruction, governments

Abstract
This paper explains that "Frankenstein", written by Mary Shelley in the first decades of the nineteenth century, is the story of man's desire to transcend his own limited and fallible nature and a warning of the suffering and punishment that comes from that effort. The author points out a dichotomy in "Frankenstein", the division between the natural and the unnatural, between what is possible to man and what is impossible--if Victor represents the unnatural, then his creature embodies the natural. The paper relates that the conflict within Victor and between the creator and the creature, is brought most sharply into focus during the creation of the she-creature. When the creature wishes for nothing but love and companionship, it demands a help-mate and threatens to unleash its fury on all those dear to Victor if its desire is not met.

From the Paper
"Clearly, Shelley's warning is against meta-humanistic and not scientific knowledge. Even if we were to assume that her understanding of science had been so naive as to equate it with supernatural omnipotence, her understanding of recent history could not have been so fragmented. It is likely that Frankenstein's creature represents the chaos and turmoil that sprang from the French Revolution. It is significant that Shelley's novel takes place during the 1790's and yet there is no mention of this major event. Still more important is her brief allusion to the English revolt a century and a half earlier."

Tags:dichotomy, hubris, meta-humanistic, she-creature, revolution

Abstract
This paper argues that Holocaust denial is just as morally corrupt as genocide, and for one to state that the Holocaust never occurred, is the same as to declare that genocide is morally permissible. A premise consisting of two parts is used in this paper to affirm that society should condemn those who deny the Holocaust. It shows, first, that one must establish the definition of genocide while using the method of comparison, then it can be confirmed that both contexts, ancient and contemporary, are in fact similar. Second, due to generic definition, a link between Holocaust denial and genocide can be illustrated; the paper shows that Holocaust denial perpetuates the same level of immorality as genocide. Therefore, through an analysis of the ethical issues of genocide and Holocaust denial, the controversial nature of ethics is reinforced in this paper.

From the Paper
"One of the first and most well-known publications denying the Holocaust was a 32-page pseudo-academic booklet originally printed in 1974 in England; it was called "Did Six Million Really Die". The booklet states that the concentration camps were contributions to a sort of "mythology" and it discards the Diary of Anne Frank as a "hoax" and claims Jews were not exterminated but instead emigrated from Nazi Germany by a "benevolent government". (Berg, BBC news) The booklet is an example of Holocaust denial and its publication should not be morally permissible. Many may argue that this booklet is an expression of free speech and to prevent its publishing is morally wrong. However, one must realize that there is a line between free speech and hate speech."

Tags:Hitler, extermination, Irving, anti-semitism, Nazi, Germany

Abstract
This paper examines the way in which Stone in his essay appears to be acting as a kind of prosecuting attorney across the ages, asking Socrates why and how the philosopher behaved in ancient Athens the way he did. By doing so, by using the format developed by Socrates himself, Stone hopes to shift the emphasis from the image of the hemlock-drinking, condemned philosopher to Socrates as he was in life.

From the Paper
"First of all, Stone challenges the simple association of Socrates with free speech. In fact, Socrates periodically challenged the democratic, free speech ideals of the Athens he lived in. Socrates hoped to create an ideal philosophical kingdom, ruled by a philosopher king. Although Socrates was condemned to death in Athens for what he said and advocated, this did not mean therefore that that Socrates had advocated free speech during his life, in his philosophy. Socrates was only able to flourish as long as he did in Athens because of the free debate and discussion encouraged in his resident city. Even though he condemned such free and democratic Athenian debate, Socrates benefited as a result of the city's tolerance."

Tags:plato, philosopher, atheism, ancient, athens, gods

Abstract
Male homosexuality was a common practice in Chinese history. Several sources document the extent of this practice through long periods of Chinese history. It was also widely depicted in Chinese literature. Common literary terms for homosexuality included longyang, fen tao zhi ai (sharing or eating a peach) and duanxiu or cut sleeve. With few exceptions, however, male homosexuality did not replace heterosexual marriage nor was it seen as an alternative to marriage. Even as a kind of supplement to marriage, male homosexuality was not universally accepted. Though common, it was condemned by many. It was also illegal in the Qing period. These themes are discussed in this paper.