Abstract
This paper discusses how issues of ethics in business practices in the age of increasing computer technology and the importance of managing information have come to the forefront of organizational management issues. It looks at how, in a society that now creates much of its wealth, not from hardwood products, or services, but from the use of information, the integrity of that information is imperative to the ongoing well-being of the organization. It discusses how managing ethics in the workplace holds tremendous benefit for leaders and managers and benefits both the moral and the practical factors, and how how computer ethics are constructed by the individual, but also adopted by society and the individual's environment. It uses the example of the Concorde supersonic airliner to show how an entire area of ethical considerations exists outside the arena of technological and computer ethics, such as issues of the environment, the cost / benefit ratio of the supersonic travel, and the economics of Concorde's high fuel usage when compared to other forms of transportation.

From the Paper
"The first areas shared by Concorde and the general field of computer technology are that of advancing expectations. The average desktop computer contains more computer power than the command module used on the Apollo 13 space mission. As computers evolve, and the prospect of AI is considered a possibility, ethical questions as to the expectations these advancements create begin to surface. Is it ethical for computer science to bring to the culture advancements which it is not ready to accept, or not fully equipped to manage? In light of the recent terrorist attacks, the issue of "face recognition" surveillance equipment has been considered. In a country which honors freedom and independence, the idea of a large databank of information being collected and accessed regarding my personal life every time I walk through an airport is on the Orwellian side of acceptable."

Tags:organizational, management, workplace, environment

Abstract
This paper examines the events that occurred on April 19, 1775 at Lexington in the Battle of Lexington and Concord. The paper discusses the events that led up to the battle and the different records of what took place during the battle. Also discussed are a number of publications and their usefulness in understanding the events that took place on April 19, 1775.

From the Paper
"In order to completely understand the events that transpired on April 19, 1775 and that, which led up to them, it is important to carefully analyze historical records that are available. A helpful tool in doing so, also provided by Linda Joseph, is Harold Murdock's book, published in 1923, The 19th of April 1775: Historic Doubts on the Battle of Lexington. In it, he provides the controversies related to the battle, the events prior and the events that followed (Joseph 28-29). His examination is insightful and helps the reader to objectively perceive the battle, the doubts, and the truths based on factual support provided primarily in the form of government records and eyewitness accounts."

Tags:infantry, revolution, military, colonists

Abstract
This paper will discuss the art of Mondrian. By examining his painting "Place de la Concorde", we can see how he approaches painting stylistically.

Abstract
In this article, the writer discusses the Minutemen of the American Revolution. The writer seeks to understand their cultural significance in this period. By evaluating their lives, one can see how they were atypical of their times.

Abstract
This paper introduces and discusses the book "The Minutemen and Their World" by Robert Gross. The paper discusses the significance of the town of Concord and the experiences of its inhabitants during the American Revolution. It examines whether the people of Concord were typical of other Americans of that era and whether they could be considered the backbone of the American Revolution. The paper shows that the people of Concord were men and women who simply wanted to live decently. They may have fought the British on American soil, but they were not revolutionaries, they were simply protecting what was theirs and what they had worked long and hard to establish; their town, their land and their way of life.

From the Paper
"Gross vividly illustrates the inner town workings by following several Concord families closely just before April 1775. He shows how each family came to the region, why they are so intent on fighting for what they have worked so hard to achieve, and how the different social classes came together to fight against a common threat. Because of his detailed research, he makes the families seem real, from wealthy patriarch James Barrett, who hands off land and prosperity to each of his sons, to Ezekiel Brown, wasting away in debtors' prison because he cannot pay his bills. Each resident had his own reasons for taking up arms against the British, and Gross makes each one's problems and prosperities seem genuine, giving the reader a clear picture of why the people of New England finally had enough of British tyranny. As Gross so aptly puts it "Men go to war for many reasons. Some they proudly announce to the world, some they conceal, and some they scarcely imagine" (Gross 105)."

Tags:Massachusetts, New, England, Townshend, Henry, David, Thoreau

Abstract
This paper uses secondary data to analyze the credit card industry along five constructs: (1) Competitive analysis: Porter's Five Forces and PEST analysis, (2) monopoly vs. perfect competition, (3) standardization vs. localization, (4) competition vs. collaboration and (5) revolutionary vs. evolutionary change. The author points out that the existing credit card industry is a mature market, but it still has room to grow as more people become familiar with the allied financial services their credit and debit cards can provide. The paper relates that VISA enjoys the most powerful credit/debit card position in consumer cards especially in business credit cards, with it has extensive and integrated work in payments processing; however, the founders of First Data/Concord EFS were particularly aggressive business people. Many tables and charts.

Table of Contents
Introduction
In Brief
Background
Flies in the First Data Ointment
Objective
Methodology
Structure of the Dissertation
Literature Review
Competitive analysis
Porter's Five Forces
Porter's Five Forces Example
PEST Analysis
Economic Factors
Socio-Cultural Factors
Technological Factors
Literature Review
Monopoly vs. Perfect Competition
Standardization vs. Localization
National Initiatives
Competition vs. Collaboration
Revolutionary vs. Evolutionary Change
Opportunities
Overview of Credit and Debit Card Industries
Top Ten Card Issuers Compared
Bank Card Profitability
Differences between Credit and Debit Cards
U.S. Payment Cards-in-Force (in millions)
Off-Line Debit History
Top 10 U.S. Issuers by Card Loans
Developed vs. Less Developed Nations' Credit Card Use
VISA Volume
2003 Top 10 Countries
Global Financial Cards in Circulation - 2003
Corporate /Commercial vs. Consumer Use
Analysis of VISA's Strategy
VISA's Strengths
VISA's Weaknesses
VISA's Opportunities
VISA's Threats
STP Strategy (Segmentation, Targeting and Positioning)
Conclusion
Conclusions and Recommendations

From the Paper
"From the merchant's point of view, the merger was seen as one that would give them an alternative to VISA and MasterCard. Shortly after the merger, major STAR network contracts with high-profile banks such as Wells Fargo, Wachovia and BankOne were set to expire; this opened the field to some turmoil, in all likelihood, because VISA was already making a play to sign the same institutions for its processing and acceptance capabilities. FirstData/Concord was assumed to have the upper hand, however because analysts thought those two institutions, despite their disparate original sizes, understood contracts of that sort and banks themselves better then VISA. As it turns out, STAR did lose some of its bank contracts, reducing the value of the merger somewhat from the First Data standpoint."

Tags:billpay, constructs, star, debit, aggressive

Abstract
This paper looks at the development of the aviation industry from Leonardo da Vinci's sketches of fantastic flying machines to the Concorde flights. It looks at how the September 11, 2001, attack seriously impacted the airline and the tourism industries when the airplane was used as a tool to inflict damage and destruction on civilization intentionally and with great malice. It describes the emotional and financial effects on the aviation industry from production to security.

From the Paper
"Reduced passenger volume on planes has seriously affected all dependent industries like the hospitality industry and the aircraft manufacture and servicing industry. Many small towns in America were seriously impacted when their main industry, aircraft manufacturing had to lay off workers. This was observed in Wichita, Kansas where bulk of aircraft industries was located. The town lost 14,000 jobs as a result of September 11 and the town lost billions in revenue and affected the city and town governments in the region. Cessna, an airplane manufacturer in Kansas was the last to announce layoffs and tried to hold on to its employees for as long as possible. Further cutting down of aircraft demand eventually forced the company to layoff workers."

Tags:passenger, airplane, tourism, terror, 9/11, economy, security

Abstract
This paper details the events of the year 1976. From the flight of the Concorde, the discovery of life on Mars, to the induction of the word 'junk food' into the dictionary. Many things were going on in the year 1976-25 years ago.

Abstract
This paper examines the artistic style known as impressionism from an aesthetic and historical perspective, with particular emphasis on the way in which the sociological and demographic changes of the Parisian metropolis contributed to the development of the revolutionary impressionist painting technique. It pays particular attention to three works of art, Renoirs "The Great Boulevards," Degas "Place de la Concorde," and Manets "A Bar at the Folies-Berg're," describing the way in which both the style and the subject of these paintings reflect the urban experience of late nineteenth-century Paris.

From the Paper
"The physical changes wrought by Baron Haussman upon the architecture of late nineteenth-century Paris provided an appropriate backdrop for a social and cultural revolution that profoundly influenced the relationships of the city's inhabitants and visitors both to one another and to the modern metropolis itself. That revolution was known in the art world as Impressionism. More so than any other type of visual expression, the artwork of the impressionist masters perfectly captured the essence of the changing face of Paris, reflecting the manner in which the experience of the metropolis defined both the style and the substance of great paintings. Three works of art in particular epitomize this relationship and are therefore deserving of special mention: Renoirs The Great Boulevards, Degas Place de la Concorde, and Manets A Bar at the Folies-Berg're. In addition to depicting the physical and social changes of the city, these paintings mirror the various emotional responses evoked by the modern metropolis and reflect the diverse relationships of the individual to the organic form of the city as a whole. Although the three paintings display different visions of urban life, they all seek to unify the contradictory and paradoxical elements of contemporary life under the transcendent theme of modernity. Renoirs The Great Boulevards conveys a sense of the duality of beauty, Degas Place de la Concorde draws a visual comparison between the flneur and the badaud, and Manets Bar at the Folies- Berg're presents the dichotomy of isolation and interaction within a social setting."

Tags:badaud, degas, duranty, flaneur, impressionism, manet, paris, renoir

Abstract
An analysis of the competition between Europe and the United States for supremacy in the airline industry. The author details the history of Boeing, Airbus and McDonnell-Douglas since WWII, with special attention paid to the years since the mid-1960s when Europe entered the market. The successes and failures of the parties involved are discussed in detail, including the failure of the Concorde and the particular affect it had on the entire industry. American government involvement in keeping Boeing afloat during the last decade, by both the Clinton and Bush administrations, is also discussed in detail. The affect of the September 11 terrorist attacks on the airline industry, especially changes in the demand for new airplanes, is covered by the author.

From the Paper
"But it wasn't just Boeing that Airbus had to contend with; in fact, both Boeing and Airbus had to directly compete against US-based McDonnell Douglas with production civilian aircraft orders; however, by 1996, the company was facing some financial trouble. Their MD-11 "had failed to kickstart the company, and plans to build a new Jumbo with Asian partners had come to nothing .the company was down to just 5% of the world market" (Ibid, 226). So Boeing offered $13B to merge the two US airline manufacturers, which "had the backing of the White House"[creating] the kind of national champion the Clinton Administration had wanted to encourage.instead of having to juggle its attention it could devote its energies supporting the enlarged Boeing" (Ibid, 226-227). In fact, the Clinton Administration overtly lobbied for customers toward its aerospace manufacturers, which is reason they never sought any anti-trust action against the merger; mainly, McDonnell Douglas at the time of the merger was more vested in the military aerospace applications, an area Boeing was never dominant."

Tags:european, aerospace, industry, market, aircraft, sept, 11, mcdonnell, douglas, administration, american, economic, competition, agenda, political