Abstract This paper examines the events that occurred on April 19, 1775 at Lexington in the Battle of Lexington and Concord. The paper discusses the events that led up to the battle and the different records of what took place during the battle. Also discussed are a number of publications and their usefulness in understanding the events that took place on April 19, 1775.
From the Paper "In order to completely understand the events that transpired on April 19, 1775 and that, which led up to them, it is important to carefully analyze historical records that are available. A helpful tool in doing so, also provided by Linda Joseph, is Harold Murdock's book, published in 1923, The 19th of April 1775: Historic Doubts on the Battle of Lexington. In it, he provides the controversies related to the battle, the events prior and the events that followed (Joseph 28-29). His examination is insightful and helps the reader to objectively perceive the battle, the doubts, and the truths based on factual support provided primarily in the form of government records and eyewitness accounts."
Abstract This paper introduces and discusses the book "The Minutemen and Their World" by Robert Gross. The paper discusses the significance of the town of Concord and the experiences of its inhabitants during the American Revolution. It examines whether the people of Concord were typical of other Americans of that era and whether they could be considered the backbone of the American Revolution. The paper shows that the people of Concord were men and women who simply wanted to live decently. They may have fought the British on American soil, but they were not revolutionaries, they were simply protecting what was theirs and what they had worked long and hard to establish ? their town, their land and their way of life.
From the Paper "Gross vividly illustrates the inner town workings by following several Concord families closely just before April 1775. He shows how each family came to the region, why they are so intent on fighting for what they have worked so hard to achieve, and how the different social classes came together to fight against a common threat. Because of his detailed research, he makes the families seem real, from wealthy patriarch James Barrett, who hands off land and prosperity to each of his sons, to Ezekiel Brown, wasting away in debtors' prison because he cannot pay his bills. Each resident had his own reasons for taking up arms against the British, and Gross makes each one's problems and prosperities seem genuine, giving the reader a clear picture of why the people of New England finally had enough of British tyranny. As Gross so aptly puts it "Men go to war for many reasons. Some they proudly announce to the world, some they conceal, and some they scarcely imagine" (Gross 105)."
Abstract This paper discusses how issues of ethics in business practices in the age of increasing computer technology and the importance of managing information have come to the forefront of organizational management issues. It looks at how, in a society that now creates much of its wealth, not from hardwood products, or services, but from the use of information, the integrity of that information is imperative to the ongoing well-being of the organization. It discusses how managing ethics in the workplace holds tremendous benefit for leaders and managers and benefits both the moral and the practical factors, and how how computer ethics are constructed by the individual, but also adopted by society and the individual's environment. It uses the example of the Concorde supersonic airliner to show how an entire area of ethical considerations exists outside the arena of technological and computer ethics, such as issues of the environment, the cost / benefit ratio of the supersonic travel, and the economics of Concorde's high fuel usage when compared to other forms of transportation.
From the Paper "The first areas shared by Concorde and the general field of computer technology are that of advancing expectations. The average desktop computer contains more computer power than the command module used on the Apollo 13 space mission. As computers evolve, and the prospect of AI is considered a possibility, ethical questions as to the expectations these advancements create begin to surface. Is it ethical for computer science to bring to the culture advancements which it is not ready to accept, or not fully equipped to manage? In light of the recent terrorist attacks, the issue of "face recognition" surveillance equipment has been considered. In a country which honors freedom and independence, the idea of a large databank of information being collected and accessed regarding my personal life every time I walk through an airport is on the Orwellian side of acceptable."
Abstract This paper will discuss the art of Mondrian. By examining his painting "Place de la Concorde", we can see how he approaches painting stylistically.
Abstract In this article, the writer discusses the Minutemen of the American Revolution. The writer seeks to understand their cultural significance in this period. By evaluating their lives, one can see how they were atypical of their times.
Abstract This paper uses secondary data to analyze the credit card industry along five constructs: (1) Competitive analysis: Porter's Five Forces and PEST analysis, (2) monopoly vs. perfect competition, (3) standardization vs. localization, (4) competition vs. collaboration and (5) revolutionary vs. evolutionary change. The author points out that the existing credit card industry is a mature market, but it still has room to grow as more people become familiar with the allied financial services their credit and debit cards can provide. The paper relates that VISA enjoys the most powerful credit/debit card position in consumer cards especially in business credit cards, with it has extensive and integrated work in payments processing; however, the founders of First Data/Concord EFS were particularly aggressive business people. Many tables and charts.
Table of Contents
Introduction
In Brief
Background
Flies in the First Data Ointment
Objective
Methodology
Structure of the Dissertation
Literature Review
Competitive analysis
Porter's Five Forces
Porter's Five Forces Example
PEST Analysis
Economic Factors
Socio-Cultural Factors
Technological Factors
Literature Review
Monopoly vs. Perfect Competition
Standardization vs. Localization
National Initiatives
Competition vs. Collaboration
Revolutionary vs. Evolutionary Change
Opportunities
Overview of Credit and Debit Card Industries
Top Ten Card Issuers Compared
Bank Card Profitability
Differences between Credit and Debit Cards
U.S. Payment Cards-in-Force (in millions)
Off-Line Debit History
Top 10 U.S. Issuers by Card Loans
Developed vs. Less Developed Nations' Credit Card Use
VISA Volume
2003 Top 10 Countries
Global Financial Cards in Circulation - 2003
Corporate /Commercial vs. Consumer Use
Analysis of VISA's Strategy
VISA's Strengths
VISA's Weaknesses
VISA's Opportunities
VISA's Threats
STP Strategy (Segmentation, Targeting and Positioning)
Conclusion
Conclusions and Recommendations
From the Paper "From the merchant's point of view, the merger was seen as one that would give them an alternative to VISA and MasterCard. Shortly after the merger, major STAR network contracts with high-profile banks such as Wells Fargo, Wachovia and BankOne were set to expire; this opened the field to some turmoil, in all likelihood, because VISA was already making a play to sign the same institutions for its processing and acceptance capabilities. FirstData/Concord was assumed to have the upper hand, however because analysts thought those two institutions, despite their disparate original sizes, understood contracts of that sort and banks themselves better then VISA. As it turns out, STAR did lose some of its bank contracts, reducing the value of the merger somewhat from the First Data standpoint."
This paper reviews the book "A Respectable Army" by James Kirby Martin and Mark Edward Lender. The author looks at the America's armed forces around the time of the War of Independence.
Abstract The author looks at the America's armed forces around the time of the War of Independence, as detailed in James Kirby Martin and Mark Edward Lender's book, "A Respectable Army." This book review examines whether or not the authors were true to the details of history from the period of the American Revolution. The reviewer looks at the author's sources, and examines the makeup of the army at the time in order to determine whether or not republicanism was the overwhelming motivator in many of these men joining the fight.
From the Paper "When I first read this quote, I knew this is exactly what I was taught in school and always knew of the militia and the role of citizen soldiers. To my dismay this was totally not accurate and the authors did a good job proving this. Now with their first supporting point, they only stated the myths of the war. Now another supporting point later in their historical research proved that the common thought of militia filling the ranks of the army was not true. The Continental Army was hurting badly because of the defeats in Long Island in 1776 and in the Philadelphia Campaign in 1777. So in their third chapter of the book, they looked at how the American army got their manpower to sustain British attacks and wait out until the French arrived. For one the Continental Army started to be the direct opposite of what Americans were fighting for, republicanism."
Abstract This paper is an in-depth examination of the field of abnormal psychology and the treatment of mental illness. This paper examines the many different components of this field, including the historical treatment and explanation of mental iIllness, the role of the criminal justice system as a tool used to treat the mentally ill and the benefits and dangers of using labels in mental health. The author also looks at different models that have been applied in this field and presents both the advantages and disadvantages to their use. Also examined in detail is the treatment of children, uses and abuses of medication and child's rights when being treated by a therapist.
The following is a table of contents for the paper:
Historical Treatment and Explanation of Mental Illness
Criminal Justice System as Treatment for Mentally Ill
The Benefits and Dangers of using Labels in Mental Health
What is Concordance?
Advantages and Disadvantages of the Medical Model Approach to Mental Disorders
Inter-Rater Reliability of the DSM-IV
Why has ADHD's prevalence recently increased so dramatically?
Who should have control over the treatment of children?
The right of the mentally ill to have children
What are: Mental Retardation, Pervasive Developmental Disorders, and Learning Disorders?
There is a bibliography, but no footnotes or endnotes.
From the Paper "The advantages of this view include getting faster results, attaining functionality, and avoiding stigmatization through labeling. The medical model's approach of treating the behaviour can often achieve much faster results because it does not spend time searching for an often difficult to find, underlying cause. It treats what is already obvious, the behaviour, and thus can attain much faster results. The medical model is also capable of restoring a person to a level of functionality much faster than the non-medical model. By treating the behaviour problems, a person can become able to function within their daily lives. The medical model would advocate teaching coping skills rather than trying to cure the unconscious causes of behaviour, which they may not even admit exist. Another advantage of the medical model is that it avoids the labeling associated with the traditional diagnoses offered by the DSM-IV. By only treating the behaviour, the medical model does not provide a label for the patient and thus avoids the associated stigmatization of labeling."
Abstract An analysis of the competition between Europe and the United States for supremacy in the airline industry. The author details the history of Boeing, Airbus and McDonnell-Douglas since WWII, with special attention paid to the years since the mid-1960s when Europe entered the market. The successes and failures of the parties involved are discussed in detail, including the failure of the Concorde and the particular affect it had on the entire industry. American government involvement in keeping Boeing afloat during the last decade, by both the Clinton and Bush administrations, is also discussed in detail. The affect of the September 11 terrorist attacks on the airline industry, especially changes in the demand for new airplanes, is covered by the author.
From the Paper "But it wasn?t just Boeing that Airbus had to contend with; in fact, both Boeing and Airbus had to directly compete against US-based McDonnell Douglas with production civilian aircraft orders; however, by 1996, the company was facing some financial trouble. Their MD-11 "had failed to kickstart the company, and plans to build a new Jumbo"with Asian partners had come to nothing?.the company was down to just 5% of the world market? (Ibid, 226). So Boeing offered $13B to merge the two US airline manufacturers, which "had the backing of the White House"[creating] the kind of national champion the Clinton Administration had wanted to encourage?.instead of having to juggle its attention"it could devote its energies supporting the enlarged Boeing" (Ibid, 226-227). In fact, the Clinton Administration overtly lobbied for customers toward its aerospace manufacturers, which is reason they never sought any anti-trust action against the merger; mainly, McDonnell Douglas at the time of the merger was more vested in the military aerospace applications, an area Boeing was never dominant."
Abstract The author of this paper shows that despite the publicity surrounding accidents involving aircraft, air travel remains one of the safest modes of travel. The paper investigates all the issues involved in ensuring the safety of air travelers, including the FAA, aircraft technology and instrumentation. The author also mentions an adoption of more stringent in-flight security standards after September 11.
From the Paper "The companies that manufacture airplanes also carry on continuous and intensive R & D. Boeing has resumed "very in-depth" Sonic Cruiser experiments, which were put on hold due to the September 11th attack. The aircraft industry is involved in constant design changes and different material utilization to improve the performance of aircrafts (Broderick, 2002). While advantages introduced by the Sonic Cruiser's could be used in today's current air traffic environment, more advanced ATC procedures or special flight-path considerations will be needed to have the plane perform as advertised closer to the ground. The planes equipped with the sonic cruisers, fast cruise speeds would be realistic today, because it will cruise at 45,000 feet and above, higher than any subsonic airliner."
Abstract The paper discusses that when assessing the elements that surrounded the American Revolution, one cannot help but pay particular attention to the changes in consciousness that were responsible for driving this movement forward, ultimately consolidating gains for posterity. It shows that one can readily surmise that if the motherland had not imposed what was looked upon as controlling measures in order to maintain allegiance, the American Revolution would have never existed. The paper shows that Britain believed that its colonies were slipping away from under them -- as the colonists began to realize how pleasant it was to run their own lives -- and were quite eager to shed the suffocating cloak of political oppression.
From the Paper "The American Revolution, which harbored the same social and political underpinnings as virtually all other historic wars, began as a crusade for freedom and independence from tyrannical rule. Remaining loyal to homeland presented no problem to British North American colonists at the start, however, a change of heart occurred after British rule began enforcing unnecessary and unreasonable demands upon the colonists. What initially began as a bid to both reclaim and preserve the rights of freeborn Englishmen soon turned into a all-out revolutionary movement culminating in the origin of a republic."
Tags: British, Isles, Boston, Tea, Party, Lexington, Concord, Jefferson
Abstract This paper investigates why the Thirteen Colonies decided to revolt against British rule and seek independence. There are several reasons behind the American Revolution and each are discussed in detail in this paper. The paper discusses how the taxing of the colonies without allowing them representation in the(British) government and a tightening of their liberties were factors in the revolution. The author also points out how Great Britain's banning of the use or issuance of colonial currency, coupled with increased taxes and duties including The Stamp Act of 1765 further enraged the colonists and pushed them towards independence. The author reaches the conclusion that it was England's heavy hand, coupled withe their lack of understanding of the Colonists that was the impetus for the American Revolution.
From the Paper "The Stamp Act, enacted in 1765, was another thorn in the side of Americans. England was bogged down in heavy debt after the French Wars ended. To help alleviate the debt, she decided to impose a tax on the colonies. Initially, the tax monies were meant to pay for increased costs back in the colonies, but the Stamp Act was so all consuming that Americans were instantly set against it. The Stamp Act provided for a stamp on newspapers and on most of the legal, official, and business documents used in the colonies, and Americans felt Parliament had no right to levy taxes on them. It was after the passage of the Stamp Act that the first "sons of liberty" groups were organized throughout the colonies, giving impetus to the American move toward independence."
Abstract This paper examines the artistic style known as impressionism from an aesthetic and historical perspective, with particular emphasis on the way in which the sociological and demographic changes of the Parisian metropolis contributed to the development of the revolutionary impressionist painting technique. It pays particular attention to three works of art, Renoirs "The Great Boulevards," Degas "Place de la Concorde," and Manets "A Bar at the Folies-Berg?re," describing the way in which both the style and the subject of these paintings reflect the urban experience of late nineteenth-century Paris.
From the Paper "The physical changes wrought by Baron Haussman upon the architecture of late nineteenth-century Paris provided an appropriate backdrop for a social and cultural revolution that profoundly influenced the relationships of the citys inhabitants and visitors both to one another and to the modern metropolis itself. That revolution was known in the art world as Impressionism. More so than any other type of visual expression, the artwork of the impressionist masters perfectly captured the essence of the changing face of Paris, reflecting the manner in which the experience of the metropolis defined both the style and the substance of great paintings. Three works of art in particular epitomize this relationship and are therefore deserving of special mention: Renoirs The Great Boulevards, Degas Place de la Concorde, and Manets A Bar at the Folies-Berg"re. In addition to depicting the physical and social changes of the city, these paintings mirror the various emotional responses evoked by the modern metropolis and reflect the diverse relationships of the individual to the organic form of the city as a whole. Although the three paintings display different visions of urban life, they all seek to unify the contradictory and paradoxical elements of contemporary life under the transcendent theme of modernity. Renoirs The Great Boulevards conveys a sense of the duality of beauty, Degas Place de la Concorde draws a visual comparison between the fl"neur and the badaud, and Manets Bar at the Folies- Berg?re presents the dichotomy of isolation and interaction within a social setting."
Abstract This paper details the events of the year 1976. From the flight of the Concorde, the discovery of life on Mars, to the induction of the word 'junk food' into the dictionary. Many things were going on in the year 1976-25 years ago.
Abstract This ten-page undergraduate paper analyzes and interprets a selected text in Luke involving the parable of the rich man and Lazarus. The author uses scripture study tools, commentaries, concordances, bible thesauruses, textbooks, and other interpretive texts in order to ascertain the meaning of the parable. In the process, he takes into account the parable's historical context, its social and political setting, and various religious interpretations. Finally, he discusses literary form and why that form was chosen, the theme of the text, his original understanding of the text, and how it changed after completing his research.
