Abstract
This paper examines the events that occurred on April 19, 1775 at Lexington in the Battle of Lexington and Concord. The paper discusses the events that led up to the battle and the different records of what took place during the battle. Also discussed are a number of publications and their usefulness in understanding the events that took place on April 19, 1775.

From the Paper
"In order to completely understand the events that transpired on April 19, 1775 and that, which led up to them, it is important to carefully analyze historical records that are available. A helpful tool in doing so, also provided by Linda Joseph, is Harold Murdock's book, published in 1923, The 19th of April 1775: Historic Doubts on the Battle of Lexington. In it, he provides the controversies related to the battle, the events prior and the events that followed (Joseph 28-29). His examination is insightful and helps the reader to objectively perceive the battle, the doubts, and the truths based on factual support provided primarily in the form of government records and eyewitness accounts."

Tags:infantry, revolution, military, colonists

Abstract
In this article, the writer discusses the Minutemen of the American Revolution. The writer seeks to understand their cultural significance in this period. By evaluating their lives, one can see how they were atypical of their times.

Abstract
This paper introduces and discusses the book "The Minutemen and Their World" by Robert Gross. The paper discusses the significance of the town of Concord and the experiences of its inhabitants during the American Revolution. It examines whether the people of Concord were typical of other Americans of that era and whether they could be considered the backbone of the American Revolution. The paper shows that the people of Concord were men and women who simply wanted to live decently. They may have fought the British on American soil, but they were not revolutionaries, they were simply protecting what was theirs and what they had worked long and hard to establish; their town, their land and their way of life.

From the Paper
"Gross vividly illustrates the inner town workings by following several Concord families closely just before April 1775. He shows how each family came to the region, why they are so intent on fighting for what they have worked so hard to achieve, and how the different social classes came together to fight against a common threat. Because of his detailed research, he makes the families seem real, from wealthy patriarch James Barrett, who hands off land and prosperity to each of his sons, to Ezekiel Brown, wasting away in debtors' prison because he cannot pay his bills. Each resident had his own reasons for taking up arms against the British, and Gross makes each one's problems and prosperities seem genuine, giving the reader a clear picture of why the people of New England finally had enough of British tyranny. As Gross so aptly puts it "Men go to war for many reasons. Some they proudly announce to the world, some they conceal, and some they scarcely imagine" (Gross 105)."

Tags:Massachusetts, New, England, Townshend, Henry, David, Thoreau

Abstract
This paper uses secondary data to analyze the credit card industry along five constructs: (1) Competitive analysis: Porter's Five Forces and PEST analysis, (2) monopoly vs. perfect competition, (3) standardization vs. localization, (4) competition vs. collaboration and (5) revolutionary vs. evolutionary change. The author points out that the existing credit card industry is a mature market, but it still has room to grow as more people become familiar with the allied financial services their credit and debit cards can provide. The paper relates that VISA enjoys the most powerful credit/debit card position in consumer cards especially in business credit cards, with it has extensive and integrated work in payments processing; however, the founders of First Data/Concord EFS were particularly aggressive business people. Many tables and charts.

Table of Contents
Introduction
In Brief
Background
Flies in the First Data Ointment
Objective
Methodology
Structure of the Dissertation
Literature Review
Competitive analysis
Porter's Five Forces
Porter's Five Forces Example
PEST Analysis
Economic Factors
Socio-Cultural Factors
Technological Factors
Literature Review
Monopoly vs. Perfect Competition
Standardization vs. Localization
National Initiatives
Competition vs. Collaboration
Revolutionary vs. Evolutionary Change
Opportunities
Overview of Credit and Debit Card Industries
Top Ten Card Issuers Compared
Bank Card Profitability
Differences between Credit and Debit Cards
U.S. Payment Cards-in-Force (in millions)
Off-Line Debit History
Top 10 U.S. Issuers by Card Loans
Developed vs. Less Developed Nations' Credit Card Use
VISA Volume
2003 Top 10 Countries
Global Financial Cards in Circulation - 2003
Corporate /Commercial vs. Consumer Use
Analysis of VISA's Strategy
VISA's Strengths
VISA's Weaknesses
VISA's Opportunities
VISA's Threats
STP Strategy (Segmentation, Targeting and Positioning)
Conclusion
Conclusions and Recommendations

From the Paper
"From the merchant's point of view, the merger was seen as one that would give them an alternative to VISA and MasterCard. Shortly after the merger, major STAR network contracts with high-profile banks such as Wells Fargo, Wachovia and BankOne were set to expire; this opened the field to some turmoil, in all likelihood, because VISA was already making a play to sign the same institutions for its processing and acceptance capabilities. FirstData/Concord was assumed to have the upper hand, however because analysts thought those two institutions, despite their disparate original sizes, understood contracts of that sort and banks themselves better then VISA. As it turns out, STAR did lose some of its bank contracts, reducing the value of the merger somewhat from the First Data standpoint."

Tags:billpay, constructs, star, debit, aggressive

Abstract
This paper discusses how issues of ethics in business practices in the age of increasing computer technology and the importance of managing information have come to the forefront of organizational management issues. It looks at how, in a society that now creates much of its wealth, not from hardwood products, or services, but from the use of information, the integrity of that information is imperative to the ongoing well-being of the organization. It discusses how managing ethics in the workplace holds tremendous benefit for leaders and managers and benefits both the moral and the practical factors, and how how computer ethics are constructed by the individual, but also adopted by society and the individual's environment. It uses the example of the Concorde supersonic airliner to show how an entire area of ethical considerations exists outside the arena of technological and computer ethics, such as issues of the environment, the cost / benefit ratio of the supersonic travel, and the economics of Concorde's high fuel usage when compared to other forms of transportation.

From the Paper
"The first areas shared by Concorde and the general field of computer technology are that of advancing expectations. The average desktop computer contains more computer power than the command module used on the Apollo 13 space mission. As computers evolve, and the prospect of AI is considered a possibility, ethical questions as to the expectations these advancements create begin to surface. Is it ethical for computer science to bring to the culture advancements which it is not ready to accept, or not fully equipped to manage? In light of the recent terrorist attacks, the issue of "face recognition" surveillance equipment has been considered. In a country which honors freedom and independence, the idea of a large databank of information being collected and accessed regarding my personal life every time I walk through an airport is on the Orwellian side of acceptable."

Tags:organizational, management, workplace, environment

Abstract
This paper will discuss the art of Mondrian. By examining his painting "Place de la Concorde", we can see how he approaches painting stylistically.

Abstract
This paper discusses the social contract theory, a philosophical concept used to describe the underlying basis of society. According to the paper, social contract denotes an implicit agreement within a state regarding the rights and responsibilities of the state and its citizens, or more generally a similar concord between a group and its members, or between individuals.

From the Paper
"The concept of opportunity for continued growth and security could also be applied to my workplace. Jobs should allow for and encourage personal growth and development on the part of the employee, as well as opportunities for meaningful advancement in a career. If there was the clear possibility of promotion and higher pay, this would be an incentive for people to put in more effort when they go to work. For this Quality of Life principle, in my workplace I know that even I would work harder because it is a goal that is possible, instead of the current reality that you probably won't be promoted or make more money anyway, so why try harder to perform better? This concept would assist in rebuilding the social theory because people would think more of themselves and work harder to give their family a better life. "

Tags:Total, Quality, Life, employees, society

Abstract
This paper is a summary of the events leading up to the American War of Independence. Included in this essay are the Boston Tea Party; the Stamp, Sugar, and Quebec Acts; the Boston Massacre; Lexington and Concord; and many other significant events.

From the Paper
"The Sugar Act was, by and large, designed to eliminate the illegal trade that had been taking place between America, France, and the Spanish West Indies. The act imposed a raised tariff on many imported goods manufactured with sugar. Included in these products were coffee and wine, and, of course, sugar itself. This Act did not draw much resistance from the Americans as it affected only those who resided in New England; but, many New Englander's viewed it as an oppression of power by the British and were quite displeased by it. After a short period, the British realized that they were not making as much of a profit from this act and they needed a way to raise more money to repay its debt.3 The ensuing statute is what many refer to as the "real" beginning of civil discontent leading to the Revolution."

Tags:boston, independence, party, quebec, stamp, sugar, tea, war

Abstract
A book review of "The Minutemen and Their World" by Robert A. Gross about war and revolution in a small town in Massachusetts called Concord . The author examines the main themes and occurrences in the book as well as the writing style and technique that the writer used.

From the Paper
"Gross organized the book in such a way that some people might find it confusing. The book is broken up into three major parts, pre-war, revolution, and post-war. This seems ordinary except every so often he gets ahead of himself and tells you what is going to happen in years to come and then compares it to what happened in the past. If you read many history books you will find that style used frequently. Nonetheless, Gross is very well educated on the topic and has produced a very readable and understandable book. I was impressed at how well everything seemed to fall into place while reading this book. Gross did a superb job linking everything together with excellent detail."

Tags:american, gross, history, revolution, robert

Abstract
This paper is an in-depth examination of the field of abnormal psychology and the treatment of mental illness. This paper examines the many different components of this field, including the historical treatment and explanation of mental illness, the role of the criminal justice system as a tool used to treat the mentally ill and the benefits and dangers of using labels in mental health. The author also looks at different models that have been applied in this field and presents both the advantages and disadvantages to their use. Also examined in detail is the treatment of children, uses and abuses of medication and child's rights when being treated by a therapist.

The following is a table of contents for the paper:
Historical Treatment and Explanation of Mental Illness
Criminal Justice System as Treatment for Mentally Ill
The Benefits and Dangers of using Labels in Mental Health
What is Concordance?
Advantages and Disadvantages of the Medical Model Approach to Mental Disorders
Inter-Rater Reliability of the DSM-IV
Why has ADHD's prevalence recently increased so dramatically?
Who should have control over the treatment of children?
The right of the mentally ill to have children
What are: Mental Retardation, Pervasive Developmental Disorders, and Learning Disorders?
There is a bibliography, but no footnotes or endnotes.

From the Paper
"The advantages of this view include getting faster results, attaining functionality, and avoiding stigmatization through labeling. The medical model's approach of treating the behavior can often achieve much faster results because it does not spend time searching for an often difficult to find, underlying cause. It treats what is already obvious, the behavior, and thus can attain much faster results. The medical model is also capable of restoring a person to a level of functionality much faster than the non-medical model. By treating the behavior problems, a person can become able to function within their daily lives. The medical model would advocate teaching coping skills rather than trying to cure the unconscious causes of behavior, which they may not even admit exist. Another advantage of the medical model is that it avoids the labeling associated with the traditional diagnoses offered by the DSM-IV. By only treating the behavior, the medical model does not provide a label for the patient and thus avoids the associated stigmatization of labeling."

Tags:adhd, criminal, diagnostics, disorders, dsm, health, hippocrates, illness, justice, labels, medical, mental, model, treatment, children, system, medical, drug