Abstract This paper provides evidence through studies and reports that mental illness shares a powerful relationship with homelessness. The mentally ill often suffer from symptoms that alienate them from supportive networks, thus leading them to homelessness. Bereft of stable living conditions, the mentally ill thus have an even more difficult time obtaining treatment to improve their condition. The paper shows that on the streets, these people are victimized by traumatic situations -- assaults by criminals and harassment by police. Concomitantly, social policies have contributed to the plight of many homeless people through de-institutionalization without providing support through community mental health services and the housing market. The paper shows that with the implementation of cost-effective and well-researched intervention, the relationship between homelessness and mental illness can be increasingly weakened.
From the Paper "However, in O"Dwyer's study (1997), the schizophrenic participants in the study also had an unhealthy and unstable home life (p. 301). Many of the younger participants ran away from home due to conflict with their parents (p. 301). The older respondents, who were more than fifty years old, led an itinerant lifestyle because of their work situations. They never considered themselves to be homeless even though their lifestyle meant that they never formed close and supportive relationships. Therefore when their illness prevented them from working, they did not have any supportive networks to assist them (O"Dwyer, 1997, p. 303)."
Abstract Due to changing socio-demographics, the demand for health care and advanced medical technologies is growing consistently in St. Louis, with a concomitant rise in health expenditure. This paper introduces the strategic management of a healthcare facility in St. Louis, based on the micro and macro analysis of demography and economics.
From the Paper "Medicaid and Medicare were implemented in 1965 to provide health and custodial care for people who could not afford it themselves. As Medicaid pays for half of the nursing home expenditures these costs have been rising steadily with the changing demography, and longer life expectancy.[Author not available, 1997] A growing population and rising cost of health facilities has added to the Medicaid expenditure.[Author not available, 1997]
Insurance seems to be a better alternative for providing nursing home care as a vast majority of people over 65 years will not require nursing home care, and the duration of stay for the remainder will likely be short, only 9% remaining more than 5 years.[Author not available, 1997] But expensive premiums, less incentive to purchase insurance due to the availability of Medicaid and desire to remain with family and thus transferring funds to other individuals that could have been used for insurance used on long term nursing care, keeps the burden on Medicaid.[Author not available, 1997]"
Abstract Pierre Bourdieu observed that human beings demonstrate a strong need to classify objects and groups. A large part of a person's identity is determined by how he or she is classified into social groups that are divided by factors like ethnicity, social or economic status, race and gender. In addition to identity, a person's social and economic privilege are derived from and defined by his or her economic class. In many ways, the economic class a person is born into remains a determining factor over other aspects of his or her life. This paper thus draws from the writings of Marxist theory and Noam Chomsky to examine the continuing influence of class and its concomitant social and economic privilege.
From the Paper "Despite the astute realization that consciousness is defined in relation to one's economic conditions, this classical Marxist analysis of a superstructure (political institutions and consciousness) resting on an economic base proves inadequate to explain the many forms of social stratification. For instance, gender and race often affect privilege, even more than class. Furthermore, even Marx himself recognized that the peasant and working class often use their limited voting rights to further subjugate themselves, rather than establishing themselves as a revolutionary challenge to the ruling class (Fletscher 89)."
Tags: bourgeoisie, Communist, Manifesto, free, speech, World, Bank
Abstract This paper presents a proposal for a British university that aims to examine the rise of the litigation culture in the United Kingdom. The paper explores the aim of this research project to investigate the status of risk assessment in U.K. physical education programs in order to identify the best practice model that can be applied in a variety of settings to help mitigate the impact of injuries and the concomitant resulting litigation using a thoughtful risk assessment approach.
Outline
Introduction
Statement of the Problem
Purpose of Study
Importance of Study
Rationale of Study
Methodology
From the Paper "Risk assessment has reached a new level of importance in the Information Age. The growth of sophisticated networked information systems and distributed computing has created a potentially dangerous environment for private and public organizations. "Critical data -- such as from trade secrets, proprietary information, troop movements, sensitive medical records and financial transactions -- flows through these systems" (Hamilton, 1999, p. 69). Consequently, organizations are becoming increasingly concerned with potential exposure and are looking for ways to evaluate their organization's security profile today."
Abstract This paper explains the multiple problems of preventing hearing loss in the army: (1) while the command structure demands the use of hearing protective equipment, the exigencies of military maneuvers might make it difficult for soldiers to comply readily and still carry out their major missions; (2) the loss of army audiologists; and (3) military equipment is even noisier, so that the need for protection is greater than ever before. The author states that, in order to determine what strategies the U.S. Army can take to improve HPD use and concomitantly decrease hearing loss, current instructions and sanctions regarding that issue need to be determined. The paper relates that the research methodology will examine, in one command only, the protocols for issuing HPDs and for ensuring their use, the sanctions imposed for noncompliance, and their auditory history as compared to the Army in general.
Table of Contents
Introduction and Statement of the Problem
Cost of Hearing Loss
Literature Review and Research Questions
Behavioral Issues
Technical Investigations
Methodology
Appendix A: New Generation Earcups and ANR
Appendix B: Tables of Hearing-Related Issues, U.S. Armed Forces
From the Paper "If it were not true that the armed forces experiences many departures from perfect adherence to use of protective equipment, then the vast numbers of military audiologists deployed to increase the armed forces? capability for monitoring audiometry would not have been needed. For a long time, "the Army had more than three times as many military audiologists than the Navy and twice as many as the Air Force. In addition, the Army has had a mainframe database of audiometric records for the last 16 years".?. However, Ohlin noted that there had been a loss of more than 50 Army military audiologists in the decade before he wrote his report, effectively removing ?the message bearer for hearing conservation and the functional linchpin that in large programs is required to coordinate the implementation of all hearing conservation program elements.? "
Abstract This paper attempts to address the question of moral values in Homer's world and examines how the Greeks have an established hierarchy and concomitant etiquette rules governing how different members of society can behave to one another. It looks at how at the very top of this society are the heroes, such as Achilles in the Greek army and Hector on the Trojan and how, because they are so prevalent in the action of the poem, their ethics are much discussed. It shows how the notion of a "heroic code" governing how they behave is a controversial one, as is that of a "shame-culture", where shame is the crucial factor in the judgements of the agathoi.
From the Paper "Hector's fear that a lower-class individual will mock his cowardice is one instance where social values are shown in the poem. Of course, the Iliad is set in a martial environment, and so ideas of a society as a whole rarely feature. The poet of the Odyssey makes more of this. One element of an agathos is his position as a head of a clan, such as Achilles and his Myrmidons. Thus they must lead others who are not agathoi, and occasionally enforce their status. This happens memorably in Book II, where Odysseus beats Thersites with his staff, for dissenting in the council and speaking in it when, as a commoner, he is not allowed to. In his abusive call for a return home, he exhibits none of the noble qualities which agathoi possess, and shows disrespect to his betters. "
Abstract This paper explains that there is more involved in the educational process than class and book work, particularly as it applies to adult learners; therefore, educators today are becoming increasingly concerned with concomitant learning, such the student's relationship with their teachers and fellow students and friendships. The author reviews many theories of development and need, such as the work of Maslow, Freud, Piaget, Tisdell, and Erikson. The paper discusses, in detail, adult education and concludes that, since most adult learning is voluntary, adults have the choice to drop out of programs that do not meet their specific requirements, including efficient and affable learning environments.
Table of Contents
Review of the Relevant Literature
Background and Overview
Human Development and Learning
Figure 1 Abraham Maslow's Theory of Hierarchy of Needs
Adult Attachment
Current Trends and Research into Adult Attachment
The Peer/Romantic Partner Tradition
Adult Attachment's Impact on Learning in Community Colleges
Summary
From the Paper "Perhaps the central accomplishment in personality development is the establishment of specific and enduring emotional bonds, or attachments, with other people." The individual an infant becomes emotionally attached to is known as the target of attachment; such targets of attachment are generally those people who have shown a predilection to respond most consistently, predictably, and appropriately to the infant's signals; this person is generally the mother, but the father and others eventually play an important role in this regard as well. In the last few years, there has been no single area of research in personality and social psychology that has attracted more interest than the application of attachment theory to the study of adult relationships."
Abstract In this paper the author makes the assumption that organizing schools as learning communities (SaLCs) is generally more beneficial to all members of the school community than organizing schools in the traditional formal-bureaucratic manner. From this perspective, the author briefly compares schools organized in the traditional, formal-bureaucratic manner with SaLCs and then takes a look at current trends in the realm of urban education as well as a number of recent proposals for the reform of urban education. Next, the author argues that the current trends will likely inhibit rather than enhance the development of SaLCs in inner-city areas. With respect to the recent proposals for reform, the author next suggests ways in which the particular proposal could enhance the development of SaLCs followed by the ways in which the proposal could inhibit the development of SaLCs. Specifically, the author argues that that the current proposals for urban education reform, when implemented in isolation, will not create an environment conducive to the transformation of urban secondary schools from bureaucratic institutions to SaLCs. Finally, the paper concludes with the author presenting a group of policy proposals which, when implemented concomitantly, will enhance the probability of the development of SaLCs. The proposed solution will include suggestions for policies generated at the state, district, and school-site levels that focus on supporting some of the main components of SaLCs: increased contact between teachers and students, teacher collaboration, a set of common goals that focus on instruction and caring, a shared sense of norms, values, and beliefs, inclusion of the community at large, and learning that is continual, reciprocal, and transformative.
Outline
Schools as Bureaucratic Institutions and as Learning Communities
Current Trends in the Urban Education Environment
Analyses of Current Proposals for the Reform of Urban Education
Discussion
Policy Implications
Conclusion
From the Paper "That the crisis in urban education has reached epic proportions is generally not disputed by educators, researchers, or policy-makers. Indeed, "the overwhelming reality [of urban schools] is run-down buildings, poor attendance, illiteracy, high dropout rates, vandalism and violence, low expectations, and perhaps worst, despair and hopelessness" (Miller, 1992, p. 79). Specifically, the drop-out rate for urban youth is often estimated at close to or even greater than fifty-percent (Comer, 1988; Fine, 1986; Lunenberg, 1992) while the relatively small proportion of urban students who do graduate usually lag far behind the academic achievement level of their more affluent, suburban, Anglo counterparts (Calabrese, 1990; Comer, 1988; Lytle, 1990). Further, urban schools tend to have high teacher turnover rates, low teacher morale, and less qualified teachers (Bruno & Doscher, 1981; Darling-Hammond, 1994). Although there has been some focus on urban elementary schools (much of the initial effective school research was conducted in urban areas), urban schools have generally been ignored by researchers and policy makers over the past fifteen years (Lunenberg, 1992; Miller, 1992). This is especially true of urban secondary schools. Recent rediscovery of the urban education crisis, however, has placed the reform and restructuring of urban schools in the spotlight of reform-minded educators and policy makers in the 1990s (Lunenberg, 1992). A spate of recent reform initiatives, in fact, have been proposed as possible solutions to the urban education crisis."
Abstract This paper examines the problem of nuclear wastes and how it presents a particular dilemma on various fronts including health and security issues. Nuclear energy and technology has become an endemic part of modern society. The paper points out that concomitant with the significant advances in the production of nuclear energy as well as its application to the areas of medicine and defense has been the escalation of the problems of nuclear waste disposal.
Includes several graphs and tables and diagrams.
1. Introduction
2. Classification of Types of Nuclear Waste
3. Sources of Nuclear Waste
3.2. Storage of Low Level Waste
3.3 Long-Term Storage of High Level Waste
3.4. The Storage of Plutonium
3.5. Transmutation
4. Conclusion
From the Paper "This debate emphasizes the dilemma and the importance of finding a permanent and less environmentally hazardous solution to the problems of nuclear waster. All of the methods discussed above provide some solutions to the problems - but they do not as yet present a permanent and fully acceptable means of waste disposal and many of the methods have significant drawbacks and are often manpower intensive and open to the vicissitudes of human error. The answer to what to do with nuclear waste has not yet been adequately answered."
Abstract This paper explains that the central trajectory of this research is to explore and discuss the differences in views and interpretations of male and female statues and portraiture at the Roman archaeological site of Aphrodisias, Turkey. The author points out that the contemporary perceptions of the actual and intended meaning and interpretation of an ancient work of art may not be the meaning as it was intended at the time. The paper relates perceptions, which will form an important part of the research are (1) the differences between men and women in Late Greek and Roman sculpture, (2) changing attitudes seen in later Greek and Roman society as reflected in their art especially (3) the sense of freedom in emerging democratization and the concomitant sense of individual independence.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Interpretations and Context
Aphrodisias and Gender Portrayal
From the Paper "Another theoretical area that will be included in the assessment of the artworks is contemporary awareness of "master narratives', as an important aspect affecting the perception of the works. In brief, this refers to an awareness of a more deconstructive assessment and perspective relating to the possibilities of misinterpretation and the overlaying of modern assumptions over the essential meaning of the artworks. Questions that have to be asked in this regard include: is the emotional response to the sculptures or statues determined by our particular historical and cultural milieu; to what extent is it possible to understand Roman sculpture within the framework in which it was created?"
Abstract This paper claims that in discussing various seizure disorders, a common thread in much current research concerns communications issues. The paper contends that as a measure of impairment following head injury, concomitant with head injury or any other focal neural deficits, it is apparent that language is a key element. The paper examines the effects of various brain injuries and attendant physical factors such as aphasia and focal neurological deficit for all age groups, from early childhood to old age. The paper explores the reason behind the use of language, its acquisition, delay or impairment as the tool most often used to make assessments.
Outline
Abstract
Introduction
General Studies
Neurological Factors in Language Acquisition
Head Injury Studies
From the Paper "Maratsos and Matheny conducted studies to develop information abut language specificity and elasticity related to various neurological conditions. They devoted an enormous amount of time and effort to an exhaustive investigation, based on their hypothesis that "Language is currently the highest human mental function for which faculty-specific biological programming seems plausible (Fodor 1983, quoted by Maratsos and Matheny 1994). They drew into their investigation commentary from other disciplines, notably concepts developed by Noam Chomsky, who stressed "the putative independence of language as a functioning mental faculty" and Fowler who proposed that "one cannot conduct language development research without at least acknowledging the hypothesis that language is acquired, processed, and represented independently of other cognitive domains" (Maratsos and Matheny 1994). "
Abstract The following thesis contains a review of the positive and negative ways in which the search for food has impacted social man. It begins with an examination of prehistoric man and follows him through Peking Man's development, the Neolithic era of farmers and herders, and the Era of Expansionism heralded by the search for salt and spices. This thesis examines man's resourcefulness when confronted by food shortages; lastly, it concludes with a discussion of Darwin's evolutionary theory to elucidate the role of food in man's powerful drive to survive and evolve.
From the Paper "Beginning with prehistoric man, homo and femina sapiens needed to cooperate in order to be successful predators. The lions, wolves, and jackals they hunted and cooked were their main sustenance. During the Neolithic Era, man evolved into a super-animal who was no longer exclusively predatory; he was now a "settled farmer and stock breeder" (Tannahill, 1988) who could hunt, fish, gather, grow food, and domesticate animals.
Approximately two million years ago, as man continued to evolve, hominids, primates that were more like ape-like than man, developed into homo-erectus, primates who were able to stand erect and bore a more human than ape-like appearance (Stamps, 2000). Peking Man, the earliest, most well known representative of homo-erectus, was discovered in Beijing, China. Examination of the fossils of Peking Man indicate he was a hunter and cave dweller whose diet was mostly venison and other mammals. Most notably, Peking Man was able to control fire. Fire provided the caves with light and warmth but it also positively affected Peking Man's ability to prepare and enjoy food."
Abstract This paper explores the complex internal and external politics as well as the concomitant ideological makeup of Bahrain in an effort to further an understanding of the various elements that constitute this Persian Gulf nation.
From the Paper "In international terms, Bahrain belongs to several important international organizations. These include the United Nations, the International Monetary Fund and the World Health Organization. It is also a member of a number of organizations in the region. These include the League of Arab States and OPEC and the Organization of the Islamic Conference."
This paper details the results of clinical test data which prove that by properly lowering blood cholesterol levels in patients age 65 and older they'll receive similar benefits to those of much younger adults.
Abstract This paper details the morbidity and mortality risks of coronary heart disease in elderly patients. The writer stresses the importance of proper treatment and deterrence which is fundamental to developing the length and worth of life for the geriatric residents at large. The results of the clinical test data in this paper have confirmed that patients age 65 and older receive similar advantage from blood cholesterol decline as younger adults. Drug therapy in this populace, while safe, necessitates cautious surveillance and dose modification due to potentially distorted drug metabolism and concomitant medications.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Assessment and Diagnosis
Treatment
Combination Therapy
Conclusion
Resources
From the Paper "The cholesterol that builds up in atherosclerotic lesions starts off principally from plasma lipoproteins, predominantly low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C). Continuous hypercholesterolemia results in optimistic cholesterol equilibrium at the vascular interface, with more lipoprotein-bound cholesterol entering than exiting the arterial wall. This directed net invasion of lipoprotein-bound cholesterol into the vascular arterial intima speeds up the development of atherosclerosis. Oxidation of LDL-C in the subendothelial layers of the arterial wall, which can be shaped by triggered endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells, or monocytes/macrophages, appears to be a key irreversible event in the atherogenic process. As an atherosclerotic lesion develops below an intact layer of endothelial cells, macrophages may discharge toxic products, including superoxide anions, cytokines, and proteolytic enzymes, which can lead to endothelial dysfunction."
Tags: health, cardiac, geriatric, elderly, medicine, treatment, study
Abstract This paper explains that modern, industrialized welfare states, such as the United Kingdom, Norway and Sweden, are all under threat. The author points out that the most important and serious challenges stem from the growing globalization of world commerce. The paper relates that concomitant with these challenges are changing social patterns and demographics, which also pose challenges.
From the Paper "The welfare state has faced many challenges in the recent past. Modern, industrialized welfare states such as the United Kingdom, Norway, and Sweden are all under threat from these challenges. The most important and serious challenges stem from the growing globalization of world commerce. Concomitant with these challenges are changing social patterns and demographics, which also pose challenges. As we will see, recent challenges are merely the continuation of threats that began to emerge due to the demise of Keynesianism and the rise of neo-liberalism. These created a foundation on which a plethora of serious challenges to the welfare state now stand."
